Therapists in Oregon

View cities and counties in Oregon
Photo of Amelia Lund, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oregon
Amelia Lund
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97219  (Online Only)
Hi! I help people pleasers honor their caring nature while also valuing themselves. I am a believer in authentic relating and vulnerability in my work and would love to help you in your own personal and professional goals. I am a mindfulness based and long-term therapist who enjoys walking the journey of learning yourself and how to become more aligned with your values as you move through life. I specialize in people pleasers, religious questioning and deconstruction/ trauma and new therapists. please text or email for faster responses. I am a neurodivergent, LBGTQ member of society and love showing up for others.
Hi! I help people pleasers honor their caring nature while also valuing themselves. I am a believer in authentic relating and vulnerability in my work and would love to help you in your own personal and professional goals. I am a mindfulness based and long-term therapist who enjoys walking the journey of learning yourself and how to become more aligned with your values as you move through life. I specialize in people pleasers, religious questioning and deconstruction/ trauma and new therapists. please text or email for faster responses. I am a neurodivergent, LBGTQ member of society and love showing up for others.
(503) 455-8714 View (503) 455-8714
Photo of Audrey Schwartz, Psychologist in Oregon
Audrey Schwartz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Corvallis, OR 97333
Not accepting new clients
Change is hard, and we often need support and assistance in meeting our goals. Whether you're struggling with a long-standing mental health issue, facing a life transition, or problem-solving an environmental challenge, counseling can offer an opportunity to grow, heal, and ultimately thrive.
Change is hard, and we often need support and assistance in meeting our goals. Whether you're struggling with a long-standing mental health issue, facing a life transition, or problem-solving an environmental challenge, counseling can offer an opportunity to grow, heal, and ultimately thrive.
(541) 372-6047 View (541) 372-6047
Photo of Lisa Gabardi, PhD, LLC, Psychologist in Oregon
Lisa Gabardi, PhD, LLC
Psychologist, PhD, LLC
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
I provide a supportive, compassionate environment combined with practical guidance to promote your strengths, clarify your values and goals, and develop flexible thinking and new habits. Because I believe that when life challenges are met with compassion and practical guidance, the challenges become a catalyst for healing, resilience, and developing your best self. I consider psychotherapy to be a collaborative process, utilizing my expertise and your strengths to meet your goals. I actively participate in the therapy process, supporting your efforts toward sustainable change in your life.
I provide a supportive, compassionate environment combined with practical guidance to promote your strengths, clarify your values and goals, and develop flexible thinking and new habits. Because I believe that when life challenges are met with compassion and practical guidance, the challenges become a catalyst for healing, resilience, and developing your best self. I consider psychotherapy to be a collaborative process, utilizing my expertise and your strengths to meet your goals. I actively participate in the therapy process, supporting your efforts toward sustainable change in your life.
(503) 831-9614 View (503) 831-9614
Photo of Alicia L Paz in Oregon
Alicia L Paz
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97214  (Online Only)
Enrollment for my virtual DBT group is open, and our next cohort starts on May 20th. Our group includes a weekly 75-minute DBT group, monthly 30-minute individual session with myself, a custom workbook, and support from peers and professionals in our community site. My goal is to assist clients in learning and utilizing Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) skills in their daily lives. DBT can help with mental health, relationship, and career issues. I work with people from all backgrounds to celebrate their success.
Enrollment for my virtual DBT group is open, and our next cohort starts on May 20th. Our group includes a weekly 75-minute DBT group, monthly 30-minute individual session with myself, a custom workbook, and support from peers and professionals in our community site. My goal is to assist clients in learning and utilizing Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) skills in their daily lives. DBT can help with mental health, relationship, and career issues. I work with people from all backgrounds to celebrate their success.
(503) 461-0547 View (503) 461-0547
Photo of Lydia M Radke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oregon
Lydia M Radke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Hillsboro, OR 97123
Not accepting new clients
Currently not accepting new clients. When available again, I accept Cigna/Evernorth insurance or out of pocket payments. You may struggle with the impact of trauma, difficulty in relationships, life transitions, or need to process what life brings. At SanaVita, we believe healing is unique to each person and embrace the many ways we can access a better life for ourselves and those around us. This may be one-on-one counseling, a solitary walk on a wooded path, enjoying the beauty of a garden or a sunset, learning new things, creating art, making music, or connecting with animals, and people. What does healing look like for you?
Currently not accepting new clients. When available again, I accept Cigna/Evernorth insurance or out of pocket payments. You may struggle with the impact of trauma, difficulty in relationships, life transitions, or need to process what life brings. At SanaVita, we believe healing is unique to each person and embrace the many ways we can access a better life for ourselves and those around us. This may be one-on-one counseling, a solitary walk on a wooded path, enjoying the beauty of a garden or a sunset, learning new things, creating art, making music, or connecting with animals, and people. What does healing look like for you?
(971) 273-5599 View (971) 273-5599
Photo of Andrea Rosemarie Redeau, Licensed Professional Counselor in Oregon
Andrea Rosemarie Redeau
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97214
Not accepting new clients
Sitting and talking about your problems with a stranger isn't as difficult as it seems. It can actually be relieving, enlightening, and even fun at times, with the right therapist. With the right therapist, you can find new ways to cope with life. Through a unique approach to talk therapy, I help my clients navigate through the challenges of daily living, while ensure that their values, beliefs and perspectives are held in a meaningful way.
Sitting and talking about your problems with a stranger isn't as difficult as it seems. It can actually be relieving, enlightening, and even fun at times, with the right therapist. With the right therapist, you can find new ways to cope with life. Through a unique approach to talk therapy, I help my clients navigate through the challenges of daily living, while ensure that their values, beliefs and perspectives are held in a meaningful way.
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Photo of Tad Falk, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oregon
Tad Falk
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CADC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist committed to helping individuals and families navigate difficult life experiences and to lead happier, healthier lives. My work focuses on assisting adolescents, college students, young adults, adults, and families. Who experience mental health concerns, difficulty with substance abuse, and issues stemming from personal or intergenerational trauma.
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist committed to helping individuals and families navigate difficult life experiences and to lead happier, healthier lives. My work focuses on assisting adolescents, college students, young adults, adults, and families. Who experience mental health concerns, difficulty with substance abuse, and issues stemming from personal or intergenerational trauma.
(458) 203-3989 View (458) 203-3989
Photo of Stacie Giese, Pre-Licensed Professional in Oregon
Stacie Giese
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Tigard, OR 97223
Waitlist for new clients
My ideal client is someone experiencing disconnection from their authentic self or is trying to unmask. They might be experiencing anxiety, depression, or emotional triggers related to past traumas with which they are struggling. Perhaps they are interested in understanding more about their neurodivergence and ways to build supportive systems to address symptoms. I am honored to help with navigating questions of identity, gender, sexuality, and building relationships with oneself and others.
My ideal client is someone experiencing disconnection from their authentic self or is trying to unmask. They might be experiencing anxiety, depression, or emotional triggers related to past traumas with which they are struggling. Perhaps they are interested in understanding more about their neurodivergence and ways to build supportive systems to address symptoms. I am honored to help with navigating questions of identity, gender, sexuality, and building relationships with oneself and others.
(503) 782-8806 View (503) 782-8806
Photo of The Healing Haven, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oregon
The Healing Haven
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oregon City, OR 97045
Our approach to therapy is tailored toward each unique person, family or couple. We see people with difficulties in relationships, depression, anxiety, recovery from trauma, parenting issues, grief and loss issues, eating disorders and weight issues, chronic pain, career decisions and addictions. Our approach is a combination of traditional techniques and heart centered deep healing. Our approach geared toward finding the source of overwhelming feelings and making connections with current difficulties. Within this process we encourage healthy release of feelings which leads to healthier relationships and positive self esteem.
Our approach to therapy is tailored toward each unique person, family or couple. We see people with difficulties in relationships, depression, anxiety, recovery from trauma, parenting issues, grief and loss issues, eating disorders and weight issues, chronic pain, career decisions and addictions. Our approach is a combination of traditional techniques and heart centered deep healing. Our approach geared toward finding the source of overwhelming feelings and making connections with current difficulties. Within this process we encourage healthy release of feelings which leads to healthier relationships and positive self esteem.
(971) 253-7923 View (971) 253-7923
Photo of Jo Vierria Pedro-Frye, Professional Counselor Associate in Oregon
Jo Vierria Pedro-Frye
Professional Counselor Associate, MS, QMHP-R, CADC 1
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
La Grande, OR 97850
You encounter stressors throughout life and the ability to cope with these stressors will wax and wane over time. If you have reached a point in your life that you find yourself struggling I would love to walk alongside you to overcome these life stressors and create better coping skills to reach a better quality of life. I specialize in treating various forms of trauma and behavior change. If you have the desire to improve your life and willing to invest in yourself I would love to work with you on reaching your goals.
You encounter stressors throughout life and the ability to cope with these stressors will wax and wane over time. If you have reached a point in your life that you find yourself struggling I would love to walk alongside you to overcome these life stressors and create better coping skills to reach a better quality of life. I specialize in treating various forms of trauma and behavior change. If you have the desire to improve your life and willing to invest in yourself I would love to work with you on reaching your goals.
(971) 791-2449 View (971) 791-2449
Photo of Kristen Peterca, Licensed Professional Counselor in Oregon
Kristen Peterca
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97239
Waitlist for new clients
We all experience emotional pain at times. It arises when we are lacking safety, security, support or a sense that we have the ability to live the life we desire. Sometimes this is short-lived, other times it is significant and has a lasting impact on us, leaving us feeling stuck and triggered no matter what we do. If this is your case, maybe I can help. I have over 16 years experience in evidenced-based, trauma-informed therapies that help treat issues like PTSD, anxiety, depression, relationship problems and stress. My goal is to address the root issue so that your time spent in therapy is most transformative and beneficial.
We all experience emotional pain at times. It arises when we are lacking safety, security, support or a sense that we have the ability to live the life we desire. Sometimes this is short-lived, other times it is significant and has a lasting impact on us, leaving us feeling stuck and triggered no matter what we do. If this is your case, maybe I can help. I have over 16 years experience in evidenced-based, trauma-informed therapies that help treat issues like PTSD, anxiety, depression, relationship problems and stress. My goal is to address the root issue so that your time spent in therapy is most transformative and beneficial.
(971) 414-3142 View (971) 414-3142
Photo of Sandra Minta, Psychologist in Oregon
Sandra Minta
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Corvallis, OR 97330
Waitlist for new clients
I have had the privilege of working with many people on diverse issues and helping them navigate a variety of life experiences for over 20 years. My experience includes but is not limited to, helping individuals improve relationships, managing life transitions, and guiding people to their fullest potential. It is my belief that you know yourself better than any expert ever could and it is my job to help you discover your strengths, patterns that may not be serving you well and to help guide you through making changes. I treat each client uniquely while utilizing evidence based practices.
I have had the privilege of working with many people on diverse issues and helping them navigate a variety of life experiences for over 20 years. My experience includes but is not limited to, helping individuals improve relationships, managing life transitions, and guiding people to their fullest potential. It is my belief that you know yourself better than any expert ever could and it is my job to help you discover your strengths, patterns that may not be serving you well and to help guide you through making changes. I treat each client uniquely while utilizing evidence based practices.
(541) 800-2422 View (541) 800-2422
Photo of Gemma G Biancucci, Licensed Professional Counselor in Oregon
Gemma G Biancucci
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701  (Online Only)
I understand that the process of therapy can be overwhelming. I applaud you for the first active steps you are taking to seek support. I encourage you to find a therapist that you connect with. The therapeutic rapport is extremely valuable and an instrumental part of healing and growing. It is your choice who you want to share your story with. I have been providing therapeutic support for adults, youth, couples and families for the past 16 years. I hope through meaningful conversations to engage my clients in authentic dialogue that encourages change, reinforces strengths, and helps foster new awareness.
I understand that the process of therapy can be overwhelming. I applaud you for the first active steps you are taking to seek support. I encourage you to find a therapist that you connect with. The therapeutic rapport is extremely valuable and an instrumental part of healing and growing. It is your choice who you want to share your story with. I have been providing therapeutic support for adults, youth, couples and families for the past 16 years. I hope through meaningful conversations to engage my clients in authentic dialogue that encourages change, reinforces strengths, and helps foster new awareness.
(458) 203-1838 View (458) 203-1838
Dominique L Corellas
Clinical Social Work Associate, MSW, CSWA
Verified Verified
Corvallis, OR 97330
Hi! My name is Dominique. I grew up abroad and have engaged with people from all corners of life. I have a collaborative approach, listening to individuals process through their struggles, empowering change while developing strategies to implement change. We all have a need to share a story and I enjoy listening to stories providing an opportunity of a dynamic ending. Some of my areas of interest are life transitions, anxiety, trauma, coping skills, relationship issues, and stress.
Hi! My name is Dominique. I grew up abroad and have engaged with people from all corners of life. I have a collaborative approach, listening to individuals process through their struggles, empowering change while developing strategies to implement change. We all have a need to share a story and I enjoy listening to stories providing an opportunity of a dynamic ending. Some of my areas of interest are life transitions, anxiety, trauma, coping skills, relationship issues, and stress.
(541) 293-1535 View (541) 293-1535
Photo of Caitlyn Trullinger-Dwyer, Pre-Licensed Professional in Oregon
Caitlyn Trullinger-Dwyer
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97219
Waitlist for new clients
There are many types of relationships: romantic, friends, family, and your relationship to yourself. Are you struggling to navigate any of these? Would you like someone to help ground you and establish lasting changes that serve you and those around you? I'm here for that. My practice centers on helping people who feel stuck, whether they have been in therapy before, or are seeking it for the first time. I have a background in neurobiology, and understand that change is always possible. I focus on working with adults across the lifespan, specializing in the LGBTQIA+ community and non-monogamous folks.
There are many types of relationships: romantic, friends, family, and your relationship to yourself. Are you struggling to navigate any of these? Would you like someone to help ground you and establish lasting changes that serve you and those around you? I'm here for that. My practice centers on helping people who feel stuck, whether they have been in therapy before, or are seeking it for the first time. I have a background in neurobiology, and understand that change is always possible. I focus on working with adults across the lifespan, specializing in the LGBTQIA+ community and non-monogamous folks.
(503) 744-7394 View (503) 744-7394
Photo of Stark Counseling , Professional Counselor Associate in Oregon
Stark Counseling
Professional Counselor Associate, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97232
I specialize in working with individuals and couples whose challenges with interpersonal relationships are due to anxiety, depression, and/or past traumatic events. My clients with the best outcomes are willing to engage in deep dialogues, complete "homework" between sessions, and are comfortable with a "hands-on approach” in therapy. I am a good fit for people struggling with social anxiety, depression, religious trauma, life transitions, procrastination, or relationship issues. I enjoy working with LGBTQIA + community and can help people questioning gender identity and heteronormativity.
I specialize in working with individuals and couples whose challenges with interpersonal relationships are due to anxiety, depression, and/or past traumatic events. My clients with the best outcomes are willing to engage in deep dialogues, complete "homework" between sessions, and are comfortable with a "hands-on approach” in therapy. I am a good fit for people struggling with social anxiety, depression, religious trauma, life transitions, procrastination, or relationship issues. I enjoy working with LGBTQIA + community and can help people questioning gender identity and heteronormativity.
(503) 461-8894 View (503) 461-8894
Photo of Psyche PDX, Professional Counselor Associate in Oregon
Psyche PDX
Professional Counselor Associate, PCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97202
We all have our own story, the things that make us unique in the tapestry of human experiences. What motivates me in counseling people is how we cope with trauma, overcome adversity, and our resilience in the face of difficult circumstances. Finding a way to create meaning, and live a full authentic life is central to my goals in supporting clients. I focus on existential and feminist frameworks to support clients in developing their sense of worth and purpose in life. Working with me we will address attachment and relational dynamics, boundaries and the patterns present in your life that may be keeping you “stuck.”
We all have our own story, the things that make us unique in the tapestry of human experiences. What motivates me in counseling people is how we cope with trauma, overcome adversity, and our resilience in the face of difficult circumstances. Finding a way to create meaning, and live a full authentic life is central to my goals in supporting clients. I focus on existential and feminist frameworks to support clients in developing their sense of worth and purpose in life. Working with me we will address attachment and relational dynamics, boundaries and the patterns present in your life that may be keeping you “stuck.”
(503) 594-4857 View (503) 594-4857
Photo of San Francisco Trauma Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oregon
San Francisco Trauma Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701  (Online Only)
You are bright, sensitive, and insightful but either feel like you’re stuck on ON (easily startled, racing thoughts that are difficult to control or turn off, struggling to relax and feeling flooded emotionally), or stuck on OFF (flat, lethargic, exhausted, foggy, unmotivated and disconnected from your vitality and energy). You may have even spent years in talk therapy, gained a lot of insight but have hit a plateau and may be wondering if you’re not meant to fully heal or if therapy actually works. It is possible to deeply heal - you just need an approach that supports your life's history and how it's stored in your body.
You are bright, sensitive, and insightful but either feel like you’re stuck on ON (easily startled, racing thoughts that are difficult to control or turn off, struggling to relax and feeling flooded emotionally), or stuck on OFF (flat, lethargic, exhausted, foggy, unmotivated and disconnected from your vitality and energy). You may have even spent years in talk therapy, gained a lot of insight but have hit a plateau and may be wondering if you’re not meant to fully heal or if therapy actually works. It is possible to deeply heal - you just need an approach that supports your life's history and how it's stored in your body.
(415) 329-0716 View (415) 329-0716
Photo of Joy Lum Phd, Psychologist in Oregon
Joy Lum Phd
Psychologist, PhD, PC
Verified Verified
Eugene, OR 97401
Sometimes we can be dealt a lot of blows or disappointments in life and it's tough slogging though it alone. I welcome working with those who are facing transitions or relationship difficulties, have depression and/or anxiety, among other life issues. Sometimes family issues and past wounds can become a focus of treatment. Receiving therapeutic support during these critical moments can make a positive and lasting difference.
Sometimes we can be dealt a lot of blows or disappointments in life and it's tough slogging though it alone. I welcome working with those who are facing transitions or relationship difficulties, have depression and/or anxiety, among other life issues. Sometimes family issues and past wounds can become a focus of treatment. Receiving therapeutic support during these critical moments can make a positive and lasting difference.
(541) 516-1362 View (541) 516-1362
Photo of Sammi Harvey, Pre-Licensed Professional in Oregon
Sammi Harvey
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Tigard, OR 97224
I enjoy working with people who wish there was something different about their life; people who feel stuck. I believe that we're all born with innate wisdom that knows what to do next but oftentimes, that quiet knowing can get lost in the noise of life. My goal is to facilitate a space where we can learn how you can access your intuition so you can make decisions to move out of that "stuck" place and begin to create relationships that you feel not only fulfilled by but proud of.
I enjoy working with people who wish there was something different about their life; people who feel stuck. I believe that we're all born with innate wisdom that knows what to do next but oftentimes, that quiet knowing can get lost in the noise of life. My goal is to facilitate a space where we can learn how you can access your intuition so you can make decisions to move out of that "stuck" place and begin to create relationships that you feel not only fulfilled by but proud of.
(971) 999-3569 View (971) 999-3569

How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Oregon who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
74% Self Esteem
70% Stress
65% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% PacificSource
43% Aetna
43% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Oregon see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oregon?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.