Therapists in Eugene, OR

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Photo of Dana Fleming, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, CADC
Dana Fleming
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, CADC
2 Endorsed
Eugene, OR 97401
Not accepting new clients at this time. “And the day came when the risk to remain tight in a bud was more painful than the risk it took to blossom.” – Anais Nin ..... Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, grief or past trauma? Are you feeling overwhelmed and unsure how to move forward? You are not alone. Welcome. I am here to help you blossom. My goal is to invite clients on a journey of awareness, self-discovery, authenticity and hope.
Not accepting new clients at this time. “And the day came when the risk to remain tight in a bud was more painful than the risk it took to blossom.” – Anais Nin ..... Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, grief or past trauma? Are you feeling overwhelmed and unsure how to move forward? You are not alone. Welcome. I am here to help you blossom. My goal is to invite clients on a journey of awareness, self-discovery, authenticity and hope.
(458) 203-8992 View (458) 203-8992
Photo of Suzanne M Ponsioen, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Suzanne M Ponsioen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Eugene, OR 97401
Not accepting new clients
***MY PRACTICE IS FULL; I am not accepting new clients*** Hello! I am a couples & family therapist, as well as a sexuality therapist. My treatment approaches include IFS (Internal Family Systems) and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing) modalities. I help people heal from sexuality issues, trauma, anxiety & OCD, as well as relationship challenges. I aim to get a deep understanding of how your life is for you and how you prefer it to be. The therapy process is unique for each person or couple. I will support & empower you, and I aspire to meet you with great respect, openness and transparency.
***MY PRACTICE IS FULL; I am not accepting new clients*** Hello! I am a couples & family therapist, as well as a sexuality therapist. My treatment approaches include IFS (Internal Family Systems) and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing) modalities. I help people heal from sexuality issues, trauma, anxiety & OCD, as well as relationship challenges. I aim to get a deep understanding of how your life is for you and how you prefer it to be. The therapy process is unique for each person or couple. I will support & empower you, and I aspire to meet you with great respect, openness and transparency.
(541) 326-4510 View (541) 326-4510
Photo of Sandra Skladany, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Sandra Skladany
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Eugene, OR 97401
Not accepting new clients
Welcome. I work with adults who experience anxiety, life transitions and relational issues. My approach is collaborative and I work best with individuals who are curious, authentic and open to growing. Because you are the expert of your life, I am happy to journey alongside of you, providing a safe space, as you navigate life and move toward your personal goals. My counseling approach is eclectic, so, I utilize treatment approaches that best suit each individual client (e.g., CBT, somatic, mindfulness, spiritual formation).
Welcome. I work with adults who experience anxiety, life transitions and relational issues. My approach is collaborative and I work best with individuals who are curious, authentic and open to growing. Because you are the expert of your life, I am happy to journey alongside of you, providing a safe space, as you navigate life and move toward your personal goals. My counseling approach is eclectic, so, I utilize treatment approaches that best suit each individual client (e.g., CBT, somatic, mindfulness, spiritual formation).
(458) 201-9557 View (458) 201-9557
Photo of Bodhi Richards, Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, ASDCS
Bodhi Richards
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, ASDCS
Online Only
Autistic? Hard on yourself? I've got you! I hear it all the time: “I screwed up! I never get it right! I hate myself! I hate my life!” And why wouldn’t you? That running litany of hate in your mind is the voice of your inner critic... a kind of mental bully that beats you relentlessly, supposedly in an effort to make you improve. Sadly, it also destroys your self-esteem so completely, that it's a guaranteed formula for failure. You know there is a better way! I am an Autism Affirming therapist empowering adults to live their best lives every day. Whether you are Autistic or not, I'll show you a REAL formula that works.
Autistic? Hard on yourself? I've got you! I hear it all the time: “I screwed up! I never get it right! I hate myself! I hate my life!” And why wouldn’t you? That running litany of hate in your mind is the voice of your inner critic... a kind of mental bully that beats you relentlessly, supposedly in an effort to make you improve. Sadly, it also destroys your self-esteem so completely, that it's a guaranteed formula for failure. You know there is a better way! I am an Autism Affirming therapist empowering adults to live their best lives every day. Whether you are Autistic or not, I'll show you a REAL formula that works.
(541) 939-8137 View (541) 939-8137
Photo of Jessica Champion - Champion Family Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, LCSW
Champion Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, LCSW
4 Endorsed
Eugene, OR 97401
Are you struggling with negative emotions? Do you experience disrupted sleep or appetite? Are your relationships frustrating, confusing or draining at times? Do you have difficulty communicating how you feel or getting your needs met? At Champion Family Therapy, we can help you understand why you are experiencing these symptoms and what to do about them. Sometimes these challenges are connected to past events, relationships, or family patterns that are unidentified. Our therapists are skilled in the exploration of individual and relational dynamics and identifying the solutions that will bring healing.
Are you struggling with negative emotions? Do you experience disrupted sleep or appetite? Are your relationships frustrating, confusing or draining at times? Do you have difficulty communicating how you feel or getting your needs met? At Champion Family Therapy, we can help you understand why you are experiencing these symptoms and what to do about them. Sometimes these challenges are connected to past events, relationships, or family patterns that are unidentified. Our therapists are skilled in the exploration of individual and relational dynamics and identifying the solutions that will bring healing.
Photo of Andie Whittaker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Andie Whittaker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Eugene, OR 97401
I specialize in trauma, grief, and anxiety and offer therapy to a wide range of populations, including but not limited to: people in transitions, neurodivergent populations, people who have experienced trauma, & people wanting to deepen their intuition. Together, we will hold space for the uncertain and honor your growth in this world. I center clients' inner knowing & utilize their inner compass as a guide for this work. If you're someone who wants to dig deep to understand your emotional experience, I invite you to reach out.
I specialize in trauma, grief, and anxiety and offer therapy to a wide range of populations, including but not limited to: people in transitions, neurodivergent populations, people who have experienced trauma, & people wanting to deepen their intuition. Together, we will hold space for the uncertain and honor your growth in this world. I center clients' inner knowing & utilize their inner compass as a guide for this work. If you're someone who wants to dig deep to understand your emotional experience, I invite you to reach out.
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Photo of Amanda Criswell, Professional Counselor Associate, LPCA
Amanda Criswell
Professional Counselor Associate, LPCA
Eugene, OR 97401
I believe that every person holds unique strengths and the capacity for growth, even in life’s most challenging moments. My counseling approach is rooted in strengths-based, solution-focused, motivational, and person-centered practices. I strive to meet clients exactly where they are—honoring their experiences, perspectives, and pace. I am committed to creating a supportive and collaborative space where clients feel heard, respected, and empowered. I tailor my work to the needs of each individual, drawing from a variety of modalities to ensure the process aligns with what will be most effective and meaningful for them.
I believe that every person holds unique strengths and the capacity for growth, even in life’s most challenging moments. My counseling approach is rooted in strengths-based, solution-focused, motivational, and person-centered practices. I strive to meet clients exactly where they are—honoring their experiences, perspectives, and pace. I am committed to creating a supportive and collaborative space where clients feel heard, respected, and empowered. I tailor my work to the needs of each individual, drawing from a variety of modalities to ensure the process aligns with what will be most effective and meaningful for them.
(458) 309-3608 View (458) 309-3608
Photo of Eric Richers, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CADCIII
Eric Richers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CADCIII
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Do relationships feel more challenging than they should? Do you feel stuck, isolated, and searching for meaning? It's normal to use patterned behaviors to self-soothe, and these can be effective—but they can also interfere with your life. I understand trauma is complex, and personal, and can lead to feeling out of control, dysregulated, and challenged in relationships. Healing and growth is possible. Our therapeutic alliance is the most important determinant of success for you. I specialize in Trauma, Addiction, & Attachment therapy, using a wide range of therapies including Somatic, ACT, IFS, and DBT, combined with talk therapy.
Do relationships feel more challenging than they should? Do you feel stuck, isolated, and searching for meaning? It's normal to use patterned behaviors to self-soothe, and these can be effective—but they can also interfere with your life. I understand trauma is complex, and personal, and can lead to feeling out of control, dysregulated, and challenged in relationships. Healing and growth is possible. Our therapeutic alliance is the most important determinant of success for you. I specialize in Trauma, Addiction, & Attachment therapy, using a wide range of therapies including Somatic, ACT, IFS, and DBT, combined with talk therapy.
(541) 813-5983 View (541) 813-5983
Photo of Anjali Rughani Smith - North Light Therapy LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CFRC
North Light Therapy LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CFRC
Eugene, OR 97405
Accepting New Clients. You’re carrying a lot: stress, trauma, relationship strain, or the pressure to be the “strong one,” something I often see in first responders and in couples navigating difficult seasons. Many clients arrive feeling overwhelmed or stuck in old patterns. You may be looking for clarity, steadiness, and a space where you don’t have to hold everything together, a space to be heard, to breathe, and to sort through what’s weighing on you so you can feel more grounded and in control. I support individuals and couples, including first responders, working through trauma, stress, communication challenges, and ADHD.
Accepting New Clients. You’re carrying a lot: stress, trauma, relationship strain, or the pressure to be the “strong one,” something I often see in first responders and in couples navigating difficult seasons. Many clients arrive feeling overwhelmed or stuck in old patterns. You may be looking for clarity, steadiness, and a space where you don’t have to hold everything together, a space to be heard, to breathe, and to sort through what’s weighing on you so you can feel more grounded and in control. I support individuals and couples, including first responders, working through trauma, stress, communication challenges, and ADHD.
(458) 299-8438 View (458) 299-8438
Photo of Cassandra Moore, Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Cassandra Moore
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
2 Endorsed
Eugene, OR 97405
I aim to support my clients in building a safer home inside themselves. Therapy provides a safe space to bring even the disowned and wounded parts of ourselves back into healing relationship — with ourselves and with a kind other. I want to support clients to build trust with all parts of themselves, and from there, to build trust with life. I offer compassionate guidance, and my style is attachment-focused meaning I care about tending to early-life relationship wounds. I'm trained in Hakomi, a mindfulness-based somatic therapy, and have a background in meditation; I believe that our innate wisdom arises from our bodies.
I aim to support my clients in building a safer home inside themselves. Therapy provides a safe space to bring even the disowned and wounded parts of ourselves back into healing relationship — with ourselves and with a kind other. I want to support clients to build trust with all parts of themselves, and from there, to build trust with life. I offer compassionate guidance, and my style is attachment-focused meaning I care about tending to early-life relationship wounds. I'm trained in Hakomi, a mindfulness-based somatic therapy, and have a background in meditation; I believe that our innate wisdom arises from our bodies.
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Photo of Karl Becker, Professional Counselor Associate, MA, NCC
Karl Becker
Professional Counselor Associate, MA, NCC
Eugene, OR 97401
Hello! I am accepting new clients in-person & via telehealth, and I would love to connect with you. In my therapy practice, I focus on you as an individual, working with you to build a strong therapeutic relationship based on trust, empathy, and acceptance. This supportive environment allows us to explore your beliefs, understand how they affect your life, and work together to change any that may be causing you distress.
Hello! I am accepting new clients in-person & via telehealth, and I would love to connect with you. In my therapy practice, I focus on you as an individual, working with you to build a strong therapeutic relationship based on trust, empathy, and acceptance. This supportive environment allows us to explore your beliefs, understand how they affect your life, and work together to change any that may be causing you distress.
(541) 351-7806 View (541) 351-7806
Photo of Daniel Duncan - Applegate Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Applegate Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Eugene, OR 97403
At Applegate Counseling, we strive to help individuals, families, and couples address challenges and work towards their goals in a safe environment. While we draw on cognitive behavioral techniques, we work alongside you to determine and apply the most appropriate strategies for your situation.
At Applegate Counseling, we strive to help individuals, families, and couples address challenges and work towards their goals in a safe environment. While we draw on cognitive behavioral techniques, we work alongside you to determine and apply the most appropriate strategies for your situation.
(458) 232-4489 View (458) 232-4489
Photo of Adam Pettitt, Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Adam Pettitt
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Have you been feeling depressed, anxious, and overwhelmed? Do you struggle with low-self esteem? Are you experiencing relationship issues with those around you? I can help. I recognize that an important part of the therapeutic process is the strength of connection you have with your therapist, so I work to have open communication and create a safe place for you to talk about your issues.
Have you been feeling depressed, anxious, and overwhelmed? Do you struggle with low-self esteem? Are you experiencing relationship issues with those around you? I can help. I recognize that an important part of the therapeutic process is the strength of connection you have with your therapist, so I work to have open communication and create a safe place for you to talk about your issues.
(458) 236-6053 View (458) 236-6053
Photo of Heather Pierce, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Heather Pierce
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Eugene, OR 97401
You may find yourself caught in tiring patterns with food or feeling uneasy in your body, carrying layers of shame, self-doubt, or expectations that no longer fit. Perhaps you’re navigating a significant life transition—such as perimenopause, pregnancy, or the postpartum period—and noticing shifts in your body, mood, or sense of who you are. Therapy can be a space to slow down and make sense of these experiences. Over time, it may become possible to relate to your body with greater compassion, rebuild trust in yourself, and move through daily life with more steadiness, ease, and self-acceptance.
You may find yourself caught in tiring patterns with food or feeling uneasy in your body, carrying layers of shame, self-doubt, or expectations that no longer fit. Perhaps you’re navigating a significant life transition—such as perimenopause, pregnancy, or the postpartum period—and noticing shifts in your body, mood, or sense of who you are. Therapy can be a space to slow down and make sense of these experiences. Over time, it may become possible to relate to your body with greater compassion, rebuild trust in yourself, and move through daily life with more steadiness, ease, and self-acceptance.
(971) 385-5998 View (971) 385-5998
Photo of Sandra Borrelli, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Sandra Borrelli
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Online Only
With over 30 years helping people to have fulfilling lives and good relationships, I know that working on ourselves is the most important thing we can do. Maybe you are struggling with life's transitions and challenges, you feel lost and wonder about your purpose, or you are having trouble making relationships work. I can help you discover and develop your inner strengths toward not only coping well but achieving satisfaction and joy. My personal and professional journey has given me the compassion and wisdom necessary for guiding others. (Please note: I am not currently taking more couples.)
With over 30 years helping people to have fulfilling lives and good relationships, I know that working on ourselves is the most important thing we can do. Maybe you are struggling with life's transitions and challenges, you feel lost and wonder about your purpose, or you are having trouble making relationships work. I can help you discover and develop your inner strengths toward not only coping well but achieving satisfaction and joy. My personal and professional journey has given me the compassion and wisdom necessary for guiding others. (Please note: I am not currently taking more couples.)
(541) 588-3907 View (541) 588-3907
Photo of Sherri Joswiak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sherri Joswiak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Eugene, OR 97401
Hi, I’m Sherri. I have immediate openings for individuals with Pacific Source and Regence Blue Cross Blue Shield. You’ve taken a big step toward your mental health. I currently provide Cognitive Behavioral Theory and Mindfulness therapy. I feel learning skills that you can use to improve your mental health every day are the most beneficial. Let’s connect and see how I can help you improve you.
Hi, I’m Sherri. I have immediate openings for individuals with Pacific Source and Regence Blue Cross Blue Shield. You’ve taken a big step toward your mental health. I currently provide Cognitive Behavioral Theory and Mindfulness therapy. I feel learning skills that you can use to improve your mental health every day are the most beneficial. Let’s connect and see how I can help you improve you.
(541) 862-6480 View (541) 862-6480
Photo of Ruby Hillcraig, Clinical Social Work Associate, CSW-A
Ruby Hillcraig
Clinical Social Work Associate, CSW-A
Eugene, OR 97401
I believe that my clients are the experts of their own lives, and I take a person-centered, strengths-based approach to therapy. I’m committed to providing a tailored therapeutic experience for each individual, drawing from a holistic, multidisciplinary perspective. I care deeply about the relationship-building aspect of therapy and view the therapeutic relationship as a foundation for healing and growth. I strive to create a space that feels safe, collaborative, and grounded in trust-where clients feel seen, heard, and supported as their authentic selves.
I believe that my clients are the experts of their own lives, and I take a person-centered, strengths-based approach to therapy. I’m committed to providing a tailored therapeutic experience for each individual, drawing from a holistic, multidisciplinary perspective. I care deeply about the relationship-building aspect of therapy and view the therapeutic relationship as a foundation for healing and growth. I strive to create a space that feels safe, collaborative, and grounded in trust-where clients feel seen, heard, and supported as their authentic selves.
(458) 310-8859 View (458) 310-8859
Photo of Heather Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Heather Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I am accepting new Tele-Therapy individuals & couples in Oregon and Florida. It takes a lot of courage to admit you need help. However, it's the first step. I am excited to work with a vast array of clients, including those in the LGBTQ+/BDSM/Kink/Consensual Non-Monogamy community and those with religious shame, veterans, & those with criminal & substance use histories. If you are seeking internal stability and grounding, I would love to help facilitate personal growth in a compassionate and safe environment. My goal is to help you move towards self-acceptance and away from shame.
I am accepting new Tele-Therapy individuals & couples in Oregon and Florida. It takes a lot of courage to admit you need help. However, it's the first step. I am excited to work with a vast array of clients, including those in the LGBTQ+/BDSM/Kink/Consensual Non-Monogamy community and those with religious shame, veterans, & those with criminal & substance use histories. If you are seeking internal stability and grounding, I would love to help facilitate personal growth in a compassionate and safe environment. My goal is to help you move towards self-acceptance and away from shame.
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Photo of Rhonda L Yancey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rhonda L Yancey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe a therapeutic conversation is helpful in sorting out your thoughts and feelings, reviving hope, and getting unstuck. I am committed to proving you with a confidential and supportive therapeutic environment to aid you in obtaining personal goals. My goal as your therapist is to support, empower, advocate, and educate as you heal from the inside out.
I believe a therapeutic conversation is helpful in sorting out your thoughts and feelings, reviving hope, and getting unstuck. I am committed to proving you with a confidential and supportive therapeutic environment to aid you in obtaining personal goals. My goal as your therapist is to support, empower, advocate, and educate as you heal from the inside out.
(541) 507-8689 View (541) 507-8689
Photo of Jena Moore, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jena Moore
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I am an individual and relational therapist who strives to create a safe and nurturing space for empowerment and healing. I work towards facilitating skill development that can increase self-reflection and improve the quality of relationships. I honor the courage it takes to seek support and deeply appreciate the privilege, as well as the transformative power of working collaboratively with clients.
I am an individual and relational therapist who strives to create a safe and nurturing space for empowerment and healing. I work towards facilitating skill development that can increase self-reflection and improve the quality of relationships. I honor the courage it takes to seek support and deeply appreciate the privilege, as well as the transformative power of working collaboratively with clients.
(458) 203-6899 View (458) 203-6899

See more therapy options for Eugene

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Eugene, OR

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Eugene, OR who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
82% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% PacificSource
60% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Regence

How Therapists in Eugene, OR see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
21% Male
6% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Eugene?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.