Therapists in Portland, OR

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Photo of Jessica Lawrence, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jessica Lawrence
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Portland, OR 97232
I am a firm believer in the importance of a trauma informed and strengths based practice, and a dedicated advocate for harm reduction and accessible mental health treatment for all. My treatment approach is collaborative, and often uses a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and somatic therapy. I believe that we all have the potential for growth and change, and that our sense of wellbeing is directly impacted by both our individual experiences and by the systems in which we exist.
I am a firm believer in the importance of a trauma informed and strengths based practice, and a dedicated advocate for harm reduction and accessible mental health treatment for all. My treatment approach is collaborative, and often uses a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and somatic therapy. I believe that we all have the potential for growth and change, and that our sense of wellbeing is directly impacted by both our individual experiences and by the systems in which we exist.
(503) 783-8335 View (503) 783-8335
Photo of Tara Rose, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Tara Rose
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
Welcome. I am currently accepting new clients residing in Washington and Oregon via telehealth. My desire for you is to be more connected to yourself and others in a way that feels meaningful. I believe in the innate wisdom we all hold within our hearts as the guiding force that can lead us to a place of deep healing. This wisdom has often been clouded by experiences we have had growing up, systemic oppression, and wounds in relationships. I am here with you in your exploration and am committed to providing a safe place to land to explore the darkest and brightest corners of ourselves.
Welcome. I am currently accepting new clients residing in Washington and Oregon via telehealth. My desire for you is to be more connected to yourself and others in a way that feels meaningful. I believe in the innate wisdom we all hold within our hearts as the guiding force that can lead us to a place of deep healing. This wisdom has often been clouded by experiences we have had growing up, systemic oppression, and wounds in relationships. I am here with you in your exploration and am committed to providing a safe place to land to explore the darkest and brightest corners of ourselves.
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Photo of Liz Mungovan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Liz Mungovan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Have you ever lost yourself in a relationship that made you feel small? Do you struggle to feel lovable or trust your intuition? When you’re honest with yourself, do you dream of being celebrated, despite being your own worst critic? If at times you feel caught on a see-saw of longing for confidence and connection while downplaying your own needs and desires, know that there’s nothing wrong with you. It’s possible that your ability to accomplish these goals is impeded by unprocessed past relationship wounds, painful early childhood memories, or struggles relating to your attachment style.
Have you ever lost yourself in a relationship that made you feel small? Do you struggle to feel lovable or trust your intuition? When you’re honest with yourself, do you dream of being celebrated, despite being your own worst critic? If at times you feel caught on a see-saw of longing for confidence and connection while downplaying your own needs and desires, know that there’s nothing wrong with you. It’s possible that your ability to accomplish these goals is impeded by unprocessed past relationship wounds, painful early childhood memories, or struggles relating to your attachment style.
(971) 459-1425 View (971) 459-1425
Photo of Johnny Correa-Lowrance, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Johnny Correa-Lowrance
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97215
I work with people who feel lost, misunderstood, & hopeless. Maybe you are in the process of exploring your sexuality or gender identity. Maybe you are thinking of opening up your relationship, or you & your partner(s) are struggling with navigating an already open relationship. Maybe your body's shape and size, race, or socioeconomic status have you feeling isolated and invisible. I see you. I want to help. I work with folx that have challenges in life & situations that most people wouldn't ever dream of having to go through. I know what it's like to struggle to get to a place of self-love, renewed purpose, & self-acceptance.
I work with people who feel lost, misunderstood, & hopeless. Maybe you are in the process of exploring your sexuality or gender identity. Maybe you are thinking of opening up your relationship, or you & your partner(s) are struggling with navigating an already open relationship. Maybe your body's shape and size, race, or socioeconomic status have you feeling isolated and invisible. I see you. I want to help. I work with folx that have challenges in life & situations that most people wouldn't ever dream of having to go through. I know what it's like to struggle to get to a place of self-love, renewed purpose, & self-acceptance.
(503) 568-1560 View (503) 568-1560
Photo of Katherine E Hatch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW
Katherine E Hatch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW
Portland, OR 97212
Grief is involved in any life change, whether that change is welcome or unwelcome, abrupt or expected. Grief is part of being human, yet our society struggles to acknowledge and support it. You might arrive grieving the death of a family member or friend, the end of a relationship, or even anxiety or depression that only seems to grow. Perhaps you are grieving previous life events you wish had never happened, or the life you lived before the pandemic. My expertise is in providing a place for your grief to land—a place for you to not have to be ok. And in doing this, I help people process grief so it does not define their lives.
Grief is involved in any life change, whether that change is welcome or unwelcome, abrupt or expected. Grief is part of being human, yet our society struggles to acknowledge and support it. You might arrive grieving the death of a family member or friend, the end of a relationship, or even anxiety or depression that only seems to grow. Perhaps you are grieving previous life events you wish had never happened, or the life you lived before the pandemic. My expertise is in providing a place for your grief to land—a place for you to not have to be ok. And in doing this, I help people process grief so it does not define their lives.
(503) 831-9467 View (503) 831-9467
Photo of Cicely K Bruce, Clinical Social Work Associate, HTR, RYT, MSW, CSWA
Cicely K Bruce
Clinical Social Work Associate, HTR, RYT, MSW, CSWA
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97205
I work with people of all ages who feel anxious, depressed, overwhelmed, or disconnected from themselves. Many are navigating chronic stress or illness, major life transitions, or patterns they no longer want to repeat. They want steadiness, clarity, and a deeper sense of connection—both internally and in their relationships. My ideal client is ready for a thoughtful introspection in a welcoming, safe space, to slow down, understand their inner world, and move toward a more grounded and meaningful life. My intention is for therapy to feel collaborative, empowering, and deeply attuned to your nervous system, your story and goals.
I work with people of all ages who feel anxious, depressed, overwhelmed, or disconnected from themselves. Many are navigating chronic stress or illness, major life transitions, or patterns they no longer want to repeat. They want steadiness, clarity, and a deeper sense of connection—both internally and in their relationships. My ideal client is ready for a thoughtful introspection in a welcoming, safe space, to slow down, understand their inner world, and move toward a more grounded and meaningful life. My intention is for therapy to feel collaborative, empowering, and deeply attuned to your nervous system, your story and goals.
(971) 316-5085 View (971) 316-5085
Photo of Khefri Azure, Clinical Social Work Associate, MSW, CSWA
Khefri Azure
Clinical Social Work Associate, MSW, CSWA
Online Only
Hi! My name is Khefri. I’m dedicated to supporting individuals in their healing, recovery, and journey toward creating a fulfilling life. My ideal clients are adults and relationship systems navigating the impacts of trauma, anxiety, depression, burnout, substance use, or patterns of codependency. They may feel stuck, disconnected from themselves or others, or unsure how to break cycles shaped by past experiences. They are seeking safety, clarity, and a deeper sense of agency—wanting to understand themselves more fully, build healthier relationships, and move toward a life aligned with their needs, values and authentic self.
Hi! My name is Khefri. I’m dedicated to supporting individuals in their healing, recovery, and journey toward creating a fulfilling life. My ideal clients are adults and relationship systems navigating the impacts of trauma, anxiety, depression, burnout, substance use, or patterns of codependency. They may feel stuck, disconnected from themselves or others, or unsure how to break cycles shaped by past experiences. They are seeking safety, clarity, and a deeper sense of agency—wanting to understand themselves more fully, build healthier relationships, and move toward a life aligned with their needs, values and authentic self.
(971) 396-0650 View (971) 396-0650
Photo of Giselle Reynoso, Pre-Licensed Professional, CSWA
Giselle Reynoso
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSWA
Portland, OR 97221
My qualification and license: I am a Certified Social Work Associate in Oregon state. I received a Masters Degree in Social Work and a Bachelor of science in Psychology from Portland State University. My professional Background involves many years of experience serving vulnerable populations of people and providing case management, as well as trauma informed care and crisis intervention. I have cultural competency working with the Latinx and marginalized communities. I have worked alongside many community partners including Department of Human Services, the Domestic Violence Resource Center, Sexual Assault Resource Center and
My qualification and license: I am a Certified Social Work Associate in Oregon state. I received a Masters Degree in Social Work and a Bachelor of science in Psychology from Portland State University. My professional Background involves many years of experience serving vulnerable populations of people and providing case management, as well as trauma informed care and crisis intervention. I have cultural competency working with the Latinx and marginalized communities. I have worked alongside many community partners including Department of Human Services, the Domestic Violence Resource Center, Sexual Assault Resource Center and
(503) 738-1077 View (503) 738-1077
Photo of Sonia Zaki Shalhout - Wealth of Spirit Therapy Services, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFTA
Wealth of Spirit Therapy Services, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFTA
Online Only
Are you feeling disconnected—from yourself, your partner, or your family? Maybe you're stuck in the same arguments, longing to be heard, or unsure how to move forward. Whether you're an individual navigating inner challenges or a couple longing to feel close again, I offer a compassionate, grounded space for healing and reconnection. I'm a systemic, humanistic, and emotionally focused therapist who works with individuals, couples, and families ages 13 and up. My approach is relational, experiential, and rooted in the belief that lasting change happens in connection with ourselves, our stories, and those we love.
Are you feeling disconnected—from yourself, your partner, or your family? Maybe you're stuck in the same arguments, longing to be heard, or unsure how to move forward. Whether you're an individual navigating inner challenges or a couple longing to feel close again, I offer a compassionate, grounded space for healing and reconnection. I'm a systemic, humanistic, and emotionally focused therapist who works with individuals, couples, and families ages 13 and up. My approach is relational, experiential, and rooted in the belief that lasting change happens in connection with ourselves, our stories, and those we love.
(971) 406-3046 View (971) 406-3046
Photo of Elana Joy Gordon, Pre-Licensed Professional
Elana Joy Gordon
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97219
Welcome! I offer a collaborative, client-centered therapy space for individuals and couples, including those transitioning into or practicing ethical non-monogamy. I support clients navigating communication, boundaries, and evolving relationship structures. I also specialize in psychedelic integration, helping individuals understand the insights gained from their experiences and apply them in grounded, meaningful ways.
Welcome! I offer a collaborative, client-centered therapy space for individuals and couples, including those transitioning into or practicing ethical non-monogamy. I support clients navigating communication, boundaries, and evolving relationship structures. I also specialize in psychedelic integration, helping individuals understand the insights gained from their experiences and apply them in grounded, meaningful ways.
(971) 299-8773 View (971) 299-8773
Photo of Rachel Lingle, Pre-Licensed Professional
Rachel Lingle
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97223
In our therapeutic relationship, I would love to be an open and safe place for you to process your feelings and experiences so that you can better understand yourself. I desire to help you see yourself more fully, including the parts you may not know are in you, the parts that may have yet to feel free to be explored and celebrated, and the parts that may need healing to live the life that brings so much love, joy, and peace to yourself and those around you. I work with individuals (children, teens, young adults, and adults), couples, and families.
In our therapeutic relationship, I would love to be an open and safe place for you to process your feelings and experiences so that you can better understand yourself. I desire to help you see yourself more fully, including the parts you may not know are in you, the parts that may have yet to feel free to be explored and celebrated, and the parts that may need healing to live the life that brings so much love, joy, and peace to yourself and those around you. I work with individuals (children, teens, young adults, and adults), couples, and families.
(971) 299-7412 View (971) 299-7412
Photo of Elise Graner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Elise Graner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Portland, OR 97229
Over 20 years’ experience working with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families as a therapist and educator. I work through a psychodynamic lens to help clients gain insight, build resiliency, and learn tools to manage difficult behaviors, emotions, and life stressors with greater awareness and ease.
Over 20 years’ experience working with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families as a therapist and educator. I work through a psychodynamic lens to help clients gain insight, build resiliency, and learn tools to manage difficult behaviors, emotions, and life stressors with greater awareness and ease.
(503) 295-9700 View (503) 295-9700
Photo of Sandra Grass, Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Sandra Grass
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Portland, OR 97210
Sandra works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life. She seeks to understand each individual holistically, including their backgrounds and the strengths they already possess to provide an individualized approach. Sandra believes that establishing a strong alliance with her clients is essential to getting the most out of therapy and creating lasting change. Through this alliance, she partners with her clients to explore and address thought and behavior patterns that serve as barriers to enjoying life fully.
Sandra works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life. She seeks to understand each individual holistically, including their backgrounds and the strengths they already possess to provide an individualized approach. Sandra believes that establishing a strong alliance with her clients is essential to getting the most out of therapy and creating lasting change. Through this alliance, she partners with her clients to explore and address thought and behavior patterns that serve as barriers to enjoying life fully.
(971) 318-2390 View (971) 318-2390
Photo of Donna Pongetti, Professional Counseling Associate, MS, PCA, LMT
Donna Pongetti
Professional Counseling Associate, MS, PCA, LMT
Portland, OR 97212
You may be navigating anxiety, OCD, ADHD, grief, trauma, or relationship challenges and feeling disconnected from yourself or others. You might long for more ease from old wounds, greater self-awareness, comfort with uncertainty and more meaningful connection in your relationships. I believe healing happens through awareness and supportive connection. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts, emotions, and body’s wisdom with curiosity and compassion. I enjoy working with clients through experiential approaches such as somatic awareness, ERP, parts work (IFS), and mindful self-reflection within a collaborative therapeutic relationship.
You may be navigating anxiety, OCD, ADHD, grief, trauma, or relationship challenges and feeling disconnected from yourself or others. You might long for more ease from old wounds, greater self-awareness, comfort with uncertainty and more meaningful connection in your relationships. I believe healing happens through awareness and supportive connection. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts, emotions, and body’s wisdom with curiosity and compassion. I enjoy working with clients through experiential approaches such as somatic awareness, ERP, parts work (IFS), and mindful self-reflection within a collaborative therapeutic relationship.
(971) 265-9538 View (971) 265-9538
Photo of Erin Driskill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Erin Driskill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Anxiety, Perfectionism & Overcontrol-RO-DBT & DBT Therapist. Do you struggle with perfectionism, overthinking, or internalizing your feelings? Do you find it challenging to set boundaries or prioritize self-care? Are you looking to collaborate with a therapist on specific growth areas, build effective coping skills, and move toward your goals?
Anxiety, Perfectionism & Overcontrol-RO-DBT & DBT Therapist. Do you struggle with perfectionism, overthinking, or internalizing your feelings? Do you find it challenging to set boundaries or prioritize self-care? Are you looking to collaborate with a therapist on specific growth areas, build effective coping skills, and move toward your goals?
(503) 980-3192 View (503) 980-3192
Photo of Anne Horgan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Anne Horgan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Portland, OR 97209
Waitlist for new clients
Throughout her clinical professional experience, she has worked with individuals across the spectrum including (but not limited to) depressive disorders, anxiety and panic, PTSD, postpartum mental health, self-esteem/identity conflicts, psychosis, mania, adjustment issues, parenting, trauma, relationship conflicts and loss.
Throughout her clinical professional experience, she has worked with individuals across the spectrum including (but not limited to) depressive disorders, anxiety and panic, PTSD, postpartum mental health, self-esteem/identity conflicts, psychosis, mania, adjustment issues, parenting, trauma, relationship conflicts and loss.
(503) 714-3390 View (503) 714-3390
Photo of Dr. Reiko Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, MEd, LCSW
Dr. Reiko Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, MEd, LCSW
Portland, OR 97232
I provide mental health therapy and counseling support to individuals who may be struggling with self-confidence, self-esteem, job and career stress, personal and family obstacles and other issues impacting peace and well-being. I am experienced working with individuals and families struggling with the demands of work, school, extra-curricular and balancing life as an individual, a couple and as a member of a family system. As a Black woman, I care strongly about helping people of color with navigating spaces in which they feel isolated or ignored particularly because of their racial, ethnic, cultural, gender, sexual identity.
I provide mental health therapy and counseling support to individuals who may be struggling with self-confidence, self-esteem, job and career stress, personal and family obstacles and other issues impacting peace and well-being. I am experienced working with individuals and families struggling with the demands of work, school, extra-curricular and balancing life as an individual, a couple and as a member of a family system. As a Black woman, I care strongly about helping people of color with navigating spaces in which they feel isolated or ignored particularly because of their racial, ethnic, cultural, gender, sexual identity.
(503) 837-8285 View (503) 837-8285
Photo of Michael Pollet, Pre-Licensed Professional, SW
Michael Pollet
Pre-Licensed Professional, SW
2 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97214
I work with people navigating anxiety, depression, grief, and relationship challenges. You may feel stuck in patterns you’re ready to break free from but unsure how to start. Using the collaborative LifeMaps treatment plan, we will explore how your past has shaped your present and work to build self-awareness, uncover strengths, and foster change. My experience as a gay man raised in the South gives me a unique perspective that informs my understanding of cultural and family dynamics, which I bring to our work together.
I work with people navigating anxiety, depression, grief, and relationship challenges. You may feel stuck in patterns you’re ready to break free from but unsure how to start. Using the collaborative LifeMaps treatment plan, we will explore how your past has shaped your present and work to build self-awareness, uncover strengths, and foster change. My experience as a gay man raised in the South gives me a unique perspective that informs my understanding of cultural and family dynamics, which I bring to our work together.
(866) 232-7328 View (866) 232-7328
Photo of Nikki Gorman, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Nikki Gorman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Online Only
Life can feel heavy when old wounds, anxiety, or difficult relationships hold you back. I offer a safe, compassionate space to explore these struggles without judgment. Together, we’ll uncover patterns, process past experiences, and build practical skills using IFS, EMDR, DBT, and CBT, helping you feel more grounded, resilient, and connected to yourself.
Life can feel heavy when old wounds, anxiety, or difficult relationships hold you back. I offer a safe, compassionate space to explore these struggles without judgment. Together, we’ll uncover patterns, process past experiences, and build practical skills using IFS, EMDR, DBT, and CBT, helping you feel more grounded, resilient, and connected to yourself.
(612) 364-0441 View (612) 364-0441
Photo of Nina Zurawski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Nina Zurawski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Virtual appointments only at this time! Therapy helps us take a step back to recognize (and use) the power we have to change our lives and relationships. Many of us fear that speaking our truths will separate or isolate us. In actuality, when we live in our true purpose we find ourselves to be more genuine in relationships, allowing us to feel more connected. Together, we will help you engage with yourself and the world in a way that fosters personal clarity and confidence.
Virtual appointments only at this time! Therapy helps us take a step back to recognize (and use) the power we have to change our lives and relationships. Many of us fear that speaking our truths will separate or isolate us. In actuality, when we live in our true purpose we find ourselves to be more genuine in relationships, allowing us to feel more connected. Together, we will help you engage with yourself and the world in a way that fosters personal clarity and confidence.
(503) 974-8121 View (503) 974-8121

See more therapy options for Portland

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portland, OR

3,000+

Average cost per session

$173

Therapists in Portland, OR who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
69% Stress
64% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
58% BlueCross and BlueShield
54% Regence

How Therapists in Portland, OR see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
21% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.