Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

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Photo of Courtney Swanson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Courtney Swanson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LADC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55439
Courtney is a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor with her Master’s degree for Licensed Professional Clinical Counseling from the University of St. Thomas. She has experience working with trauma, addiction, grief, and anxiety. Courtney works to create a safe space for clients to explore their hopes, desires, and emotions. She enjoys collaborating with clients to help find what is important to them. Courtney utilizes an integrative approach, and tailors her techniques to her clients’ needs. She believes in recognizing emotions, and learning how to express and feel them.
Courtney is a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor with her Master’s degree for Licensed Professional Clinical Counseling from the University of St. Thomas. She has experience working with trauma, addiction, grief, and anxiety. Courtney works to create a safe space for clients to explore their hopes, desires, and emotions. She enjoys collaborating with clients to help find what is important to them. Courtney utilizes an integrative approach, and tailors her techniques to her clients’ needs. She believes in recognizing emotions, and learning how to express and feel them.
(952) 230-2711 View (952) 230-2711
Photo of Jessee Daley, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Jessee Daley
Counselor, MA, LPCC, CIMHP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55407  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients. Integrative, holistic, intuitive, and customized therapy approach for those who seek a greater understanding of themselves and their relationships. I specialize in Integrative Therapy and have advanced training in Psychedelic Assisted Therapy integration. My overall therapeutic approach is to explore emotions and behaviors, understand experiences and hurts, and assist in identifying and utilizing natural strengths to increase ability to deal with the stressors unique to you. I also specialize in working with Highly Sensitive people, entrepreneurs, writers, creatives, and caregivers.
Accepting New Clients. Integrative, holistic, intuitive, and customized therapy approach for those who seek a greater understanding of themselves and their relationships. I specialize in Integrative Therapy and have advanced training in Psychedelic Assisted Therapy integration. My overall therapeutic approach is to explore emotions and behaviors, understand experiences and hurts, and assist in identifying and utilizing natural strengths to increase ability to deal with the stressors unique to you. I also specialize in working with Highly Sensitive people, entrepreneurs, writers, creatives, and caregivers.
(763) 400-8937 View (763) 400-8937
Photo of Lyndsey Fraser, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Lyndsey Fraser
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55417
Illuminate your path, Awaken your life! Who you are at your core matters and deserves to be seen by the world. I am driven by a desire to make a difference in the lives of others and to positively impact the world. I actively seek to live a life guided by a sense of purpose and meaning. My goal is to help you do the same with a highly personalized approach that addresses your needs and meets your criteria for personal success. This includes finding and solidifying the essential relationships in your life! I also utilize the Enneagram in my practice as a way to help you have more generosity for yourself and other in your life.
Illuminate your path, Awaken your life! Who you are at your core matters and deserves to be seen by the world. I am driven by a desire to make a difference in the lives of others and to positively impact the world. I actively seek to live a life guided by a sense of purpose and meaning. My goal is to help you do the same with a highly personalized approach that addresses your needs and meets your criteria for personal success. This includes finding and solidifying the essential relationships in your life! I also utilize the Enneagram in my practice as a way to help you have more generosity for yourself and other in your life.
(651) 433-6342 View (651) 433-6342
Photo of Karen Elizabeth Pieper, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Karen Elizabeth Pieper
Counselor, MA , LPC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408  (Online Only)
I provide individual and couples psychotherapy to a variety of clients. I am particularly interested in working with people going through life transitions including divorce, break-ups, job loss, career exploration and grief. Through deep listening and curiosity, I create a safe space to openly examine and gain insight into their challenges, helping them to relieve stress and achieve a sense of wellbeing. Using strategies from narrative, solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness therapies, my sessions are an opportunity to nurture my clients' positive personal growth and change.
I provide individual and couples psychotherapy to a variety of clients. I am particularly interested in working with people going through life transitions including divorce, break-ups, job loss, career exploration and grief. Through deep listening and curiosity, I create a safe space to openly examine and gain insight into their challenges, helping them to relieve stress and achieve a sense of wellbeing. Using strategies from narrative, solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness therapies, my sessions are an opportunity to nurture my clients' positive personal growth and change.
(612) 324-0267 View (612) 324-0267
Photo of Sound Mind Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Sound Mind Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MPH, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Hi, I'm so glad your here! My name is Tammie and I'm a Licensed clinical therapist. My practice includes a focus on trauma and symptoms associated. I can help with difficulties managing anxiety, depression, sexual health and dysfunction, self care, gender identity, sexual exploration and attachment issues.
Hi, I'm so glad your here! My name is Tammie and I'm a Licensed clinical therapist. My practice includes a focus on trauma and symptoms associated. I can help with difficulties managing anxiety, depression, sexual health and dysfunction, self care, gender identity, sexual exploration and attachment issues.
(612) 712-6232 View (612) 712-6232
Photo of Andrea J Steele, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Andrea J Steele
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Entering therapy is a bold, brave commitment to examining your life as it is and creating the life you choose to live. As a therapist I use a variety of modalities to assist you in reaching your particular goals. Cognitive behavioral therapies are effective for treating a variety of issues and insight-oriented therapies are better suited for other issues. You and I will map the therapy course together, collaboratively. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is extremely important and strive to create a warm, approachable and genuine therapeutic alliance.
Entering therapy is a bold, brave commitment to examining your life as it is and creating the life you choose to live. As a therapist I use a variety of modalities to assist you in reaching your particular goals. Cognitive behavioral therapies are effective for treating a variety of issues and insight-oriented therapies are better suited for other issues. You and I will map the therapy course together, collaboratively. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is extremely important and strive to create a warm, approachable and genuine therapeutic alliance.
(952) 260-1536 View (952) 260-1536
Photo of Reviving Roots Therapy & Wellness, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Reviving Roots Therapy & Wellness
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Our ideal client seeks a holistic approach to healing, navigating trauma, stress, and societal pressures. They desire wellness practices that honor their cultural identity, aiming for peace, resilience, and self-discovery. At Reviving Roots, they find a community and strategies rooted in a deep understanding of the Black experience, seeking to thrive mentally, physically, and spiritually.
Our ideal client seeks a holistic approach to healing, navigating trauma, stress, and societal pressures. They desire wellness practices that honor their cultural identity, aiming for peace, resilience, and self-discovery. At Reviving Roots, they find a community and strategies rooted in a deep understanding of the Black experience, seeking to thrive mentally, physically, and spiritually.
(612) 712-9135 View (612) 712-9135
Photo of Laura Groeneweg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Laura Groeneweg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55414  (Online Only)
Do you notice your body alternating between being ready to fight a hoard of zombies or being mistaken for one? Are feelings from past pain overwhelming you at inopportune times despite doing everything you can to avoid remembering those experiences? Have you noticed feelings of unexplained shame, paralysis, frustration, with the occasional dash of self abandonment? Are you disappointed that catastrophizing isn’t an Olympic sport because planning for the worst case scenario of every situation is your jam?
Do you notice your body alternating between being ready to fight a hoard of zombies or being mistaken for one? Are feelings from past pain overwhelming you at inopportune times despite doing everything you can to avoid remembering those experiences? Have you noticed feelings of unexplained shame, paralysis, frustration, with the occasional dash of self abandonment? Are you disappointed that catastrophizing isn’t an Olympic sport because planning for the worst case scenario of every situation is your jam?
(612) 445-2673 View (612) 445-2673
Photo of Kurt Pope, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Kurt Pope
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55409
Distress provides us an opportunity to examine the purposefulness of our cognitive, emotional, and relational patterns in a meaningful way. If we better understand what shaped us, where we are in the present, and what we want to integrate in the future, we can take fruitful action to instill change in our lives. Different approaches to our distress are at times necessary in order to reconcile new stages of development and new parts of our selves.
Distress provides us an opportunity to examine the purposefulness of our cognitive, emotional, and relational patterns in a meaningful way. If we better understand what shaped us, where we are in the present, and what we want to integrate in the future, we can take fruitful action to instill change in our lives. Different approaches to our distress are at times necessary in order to reconcile new stages of development and new parts of our selves.
(612) 294-7420 View (612) 294-7420
Photo of Elena Louise Shaffer, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Elena Louise Shaffer
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55416
Waitlist for new clients
I am a compassionate, humorous and enthusiastic therapist with my master’s degree in counseling psychology, licensed in Minnesota as a professional clinical counselor. It wasn’t until I discovered the healing power of the mind, body, and spirit approach that I saw lasting change and healing in myself and in my clients. I am client centered, radically non-judgmental, authentic, and honest. I believe in meeting each individual where they are and joining together on a path to growth. I am strongly influenced by Sensorimotor Psychotherapy which focuses on the link between our bodies and our psychological wellbeing.
I am a compassionate, humorous and enthusiastic therapist with my master’s degree in counseling psychology, licensed in Minnesota as a professional clinical counselor. It wasn’t until I discovered the healing power of the mind, body, and spirit approach that I saw lasting change and healing in myself and in my clients. I am client centered, radically non-judgmental, authentic, and honest. I believe in meeting each individual where they are and joining together on a path to growth. I am strongly influenced by Sensorimotor Psychotherapy which focuses on the link between our bodies and our psychological wellbeing.
(612) 260-6786 View (612) 260-6786
Photo of Stephanie Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Stephanie Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, R-DMT, LPC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55410
Waitlist for new clients
I treat children with symptoms of attention and learning challenges including anxiety and sensory concerns. The modality I use is Developmental Movement Therapy and Primitive Reflex Integration which are Somatic approaches that focus on addressing the root of symptoms rather than teaching accommodations or coping mechanisms. Treatment sessions are fun, movement based and "home play" is offered to parents to as a way of engaging and supporting your child between sessions.
I treat children with symptoms of attention and learning challenges including anxiety and sensory concerns. The modality I use is Developmental Movement Therapy and Primitive Reflex Integration which are Somatic approaches that focus on addressing the root of symptoms rather than teaching accommodations or coping mechanisms. Treatment sessions are fun, movement based and "home play" is offered to parents to as a way of engaging and supporting your child between sessions.
(952) 900-5585 View (952) 900-5585
Photo of Greg A Stern, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Greg A Stern
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55413
Greg A. Stern, PsyD, ABPP, specializes in working with families through tough life situations. He is one of a few hundred Board Certified Rehabilitation Psychologists. For the past 20 years he has specialized in working with patients and their families who have had or are working through a stroke, brain injury, amputation, spinal cord injury and/or other neurological conditions. He also works with families in business together. Most of his work is at United Hospital. He also sees a limited number of patients in his private practice where he sees people in-person or virtually. He has an E. Passport and and can practice virtually.
Greg A. Stern, PsyD, ABPP, specializes in working with families through tough life situations. He is one of a few hundred Board Certified Rehabilitation Psychologists. For the past 20 years he has specialized in working with patients and their families who have had or are working through a stroke, brain injury, amputation, spinal cord injury and/or other neurological conditions. He also works with families in business together. Most of his work is at United Hospital. He also sees a limited number of patients in his private practice where he sees people in-person or virtually. He has an E. Passport and and can practice virtually.
(612) 482-4366 View (612) 482-4366
Photo of Tessa Anttila, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Tessa Anttila
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55413
Hello! What is bringing you to therapy? For many, it's feeling lost, confused, hurt and disconnected from ourselves and the world around us. We can come to feel lost and disconnected because of trauma or stress (either in this lifetime or in your lineage) that hasn’t been digested in our body/mind. It can happen from living in an increasingly lonely and disconnected world. I would like to support you in finding connection and meaning in life so you can experience satisfying relationships with yourself, friends, family and the natural world around you. This is what being alive is about!
Hello! What is bringing you to therapy? For many, it's feeling lost, confused, hurt and disconnected from ourselves and the world around us. We can come to feel lost and disconnected because of trauma or stress (either in this lifetime or in your lineage) that hasn’t been digested in our body/mind. It can happen from living in an increasingly lonely and disconnected world. I would like to support you in finding connection and meaning in life so you can experience satisfying relationships with yourself, friends, family and the natural world around you. This is what being alive is about!
(612) 482-6488 View (612) 482-6488
Photo of Eric F. Boone, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Eric F. Boone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Psychotherapy is something that happens between people...you and me. It is a process that I expertly and sensitively guide, but it is something that we experience together. Relationships, past and present, may be a source of pain, frustration, or fear...but they are also the key to unlocking your full potential. Together, we will work to alleviate your most pressing problems as well as to develop a fuller understanding of the deeper, underlying issues that keep you stuck in emotional and relational patterns that limit your capacity to more fully give and receive love.
Psychotherapy is something that happens between people...you and me. It is a process that I expertly and sensitively guide, but it is something that we experience together. Relationships, past and present, may be a source of pain, frustration, or fear...but they are also the key to unlocking your full potential. Together, we will work to alleviate your most pressing problems as well as to develop a fuller understanding of the deeper, underlying issues that keep you stuck in emotional and relational patterns that limit your capacity to more fully give and receive love.
(612) 454-9798 View (612) 454-9798
Photo of The Mood & Sleep Clinic, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
The Mood & Sleep Clinic
Psychologist, PsyD, LP, CBSM, DBSM
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55416  (Online Only)
Poor sleep and stressed moods are common. Finding effective treatment should not be an added challenge. I specialize in behavioral sleep medicine, psychological trauma, anxiety, and depression. I rely on evidence-based treatments that include CBT-I, CBT, EMDR, and A.R.T. (Accelerated Resolution Therapy) and work collaboratively to develop a plan for my client's success.
Poor sleep and stressed moods are common. Finding effective treatment should not be an added challenge. I specialize in behavioral sleep medicine, psychological trauma, anxiety, and depression. I rely on evidence-based treatments that include CBT-I, CBT, EMDR, and A.R.T. (Accelerated Resolution Therapy) and work collaboratively to develop a plan for my client's success.
(507) 410-5559 View (507) 410-5559
Photo of Martha Sorenson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Martha Sorenson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55407
Waitlist for new clients
I believe it takes courage to begin the process of change. With that spirit, I try to embody the African Proverb: “If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.” I believe we can all heal, change and grow, particularly when we have support and love in the process. I feel deeply honored to walk arm in arm in therapy with the clients I see. In both my therapeutic work and personally, I value humor, compassion, and sincerity. The therapist you choose is someone whom you’ve entrusted to build a safe and healing relationship.
I believe it takes courage to begin the process of change. With that spirit, I try to embody the African Proverb: “If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.” I believe we can all heal, change and grow, particularly when we have support and love in the process. I feel deeply honored to walk arm in arm in therapy with the clients I see. In both my therapeutic work and personally, I value humor, compassion, and sincerity. The therapist you choose is someone whom you’ve entrusted to build a safe and healing relationship.
(952) 522-5673 View (952) 522-5673
Photo of Leah Bonine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Leah Bonine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55415
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I work from a trauma-informed, harm reduction, sex positive, attachment-based lens. I specialize in working with adults from diverse backgrounds, particularly the LGBTQ+ community. I see clients for individual therapy. I especially enjoy working with creative people and have a deep understanding of the creative process. I am trained in EMDR, AEDP and DBT.
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I work from a trauma-informed, harm reduction, sex positive, attachment-based lens. I specialize in working with adults from diverse backgrounds, particularly the LGBTQ+ community. I see clients for individual therapy. I especially enjoy working with creative people and have a deep understanding of the creative process. I am trained in EMDR, AEDP and DBT.
(612) 800-0486 View (612) 800-0486
Photo of Eloise von DeWitt, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Eloise von DeWitt
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55407  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Seeking therapy takes immense courage, and the therapy session should be a place to explore, question, struggle, and heal without judgment. In my practice, I utilize a systemic, feminist approach that honors the innate dignity, worth, and capacity for change in all human beings. I believe that healing and change happen in our relationships to others and to a global sense of humanity. I strive to create a safe container in which to practice interpersonal healing, utilizing the therapeutic relationship and process as the primary tool for creating change.
Seeking therapy takes immense courage, and the therapy session should be a place to explore, question, struggle, and heal without judgment. In my practice, I utilize a systemic, feminist approach that honors the innate dignity, worth, and capacity for change in all human beings. I believe that healing and change happen in our relationships to others and to a global sense of humanity. I strive to create a safe container in which to practice interpersonal healing, utilizing the therapeutic relationship and process as the primary tool for creating change.
(612) 662-4630 View (612) 662-4630
Photo of Travis Mathias, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Travis Mathias
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55402
I'm a licensed mental health professional, holding an MSW from the University of Northern Iowa (2017) and dual bachelor's degrees in Psychology and Sociology (2014). My treatment approach prioritizes evidence-based methods that emphasize skill development and practical behavioral solutions.
I'm a licensed mental health professional, holding an MSW from the University of Northern Iowa (2017) and dual bachelor's degrees in Psychology and Sociology (2014). My treatment approach prioritizes evidence-based methods that emphasize skill development and practical behavioral solutions.
(763) 230-0679 View (763) 230-0679
Photo of Dave Wood, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Dave Wood
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Not accepting new clients
There are times in life when we feel anxious, depressed, confused, angry, grief-stricken, lonely or overwhelmed. My approach in supporting you during those times is flexible and person-centered. I have a special interest in assisting people with life transitions, relationships, grief, positive aging, and LGBT issues.
There are times in life when we feel anxious, depressed, confused, angry, grief-stricken, lonely or overwhelmed. My approach in supporting you during those times is flexible and person-centered. I have a special interest in assisting people with life transitions, relationships, grief, positive aging, and LGBT issues.
(763) 447-4061 View (763) 447-4061

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$166

Therapists in Minneapolis, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% UCare
68% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Minneapolis, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Minneapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.