Photo of Robyn Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pennsylvania
Robyn Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Stress and difficulties can occur throughout the lifespan. I provide client-centered therapy to support wellness in older children and teens, families, and adults, both individually and as couples. Therapy can be a space to develop your strengths and resilience to cope. Together, we can address issues that are getting in the way of feeling satisfied or fulfilled in your life. My areas of clinical interest include anxiety, stress, depression, identity, connection, and trauma. I also facilitate social anxiety groups.
Stress and difficulties can occur throughout the lifespan. I provide client-centered therapy to support wellness in older children and teens, families, and adults, both individually and as couples. Therapy can be a space to develop your strengths and resilience to cope. Together, we can address issues that are getting in the way of feeling satisfied or fulfilled in your life. My areas of clinical interest include anxiety, stress, depression, identity, connection, and trauma. I also facilitate social anxiety groups.
(267) 274-2654 View (267) 274-2654
Photo of Cachara and Associates LLC, Psychologist in Pennsylvania
Cachara and Associates LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Carlisle, PA 17013
We are a small, private psychological practice providing services in both the Carlisle and Chambersburg areas. We are passionate about our work. We view our therapeutic relationship as the medium in which change happens, allowing your time spent in therapy to be beneficial and worthwhile for you and/or your child. We work with a variety of presenting problems including anxiety, depression, situational stress, childhood trauma, grief/loss, behavioral disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders as well as perinatal health.
We are a small, private psychological practice providing services in both the Carlisle and Chambersburg areas. We are passionate about our work. We view our therapeutic relationship as the medium in which change happens, allowing your time spent in therapy to be beneficial and worthwhile for you and/or your child. We work with a variety of presenting problems including anxiety, depression, situational stress, childhood trauma, grief/loss, behavioral disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders as well as perinatal health.
(717) 978-0129 View (717) 978-0129
Photo of Khaliah J (Cousar) Tate, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Khaliah J (Cousar) Tate
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, ACS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Monroeville, PA 15146  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hi There! Sometimes life can be difficult. Anxiety, depression, relationship issues, parent/child issues, trauma-LIFE can sneak up on you. You can walk in healing from these issues and more. Sometimes you need the space and the right person to help you get unstuck and move forward in success. I have worked for over 18 years with children, adolescents, adults and families in overcoming their obstacles in mental health and addiction to walk in healing.
Hi There! Sometimes life can be difficult. Anxiety, depression, relationship issues, parent/child issues, trauma-LIFE can sneak up on you. You can walk in healing from these issues and more. Sometimes you need the space and the right person to help you get unstuck and move forward in success. I have worked for over 18 years with children, adolescents, adults and families in overcoming their obstacles in mental health and addiction to walk in healing.
(540) 416-0413 View (540) 416-0413
Photo of Robert Michael Behanna, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Robert Michael Behanna
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCDP Di, MA
Verified Verified
Hopwood, PA 15445
Does your present situation appear hopeless and without solution? Our hearts can become sick when we lose our sense of hope. Sometimes we need help in identifying and developing strategies for meaningful change. Hello, my name is Bob BeHanna and I currently work with adults and adolescents ages 5 and up suffering from many different issues. I primarily focus on issues such as depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, PTSD, Trauma and relationship problems. I have experience in both inpatient and outpatient mental health settings.
Does your present situation appear hopeless and without solution? Our hearts can become sick when we lose our sense of hope. Sometimes we need help in identifying and developing strategies for meaningful change. Hello, my name is Bob BeHanna and I currently work with adults and adolescents ages 5 and up suffering from many different issues. I primarily focus on issues such as depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, PTSD, Trauma and relationship problems. I have experience in both inpatient and outpatient mental health settings.
(724) 806-1055 View (724) 806-1055
Photo of Lindsay Brain, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Lindsay Brain
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15234
I have been trained in Trauma Focused-CBT and Trauma Informed Care.
I am dedicated and hard working with over 23 years of experience in the mental health field serving children, young adults, and families. I specialize in treating trauma, anxiety, ADHD, ODD, and depression and have an extensive background in helping children with behavioral issues and their families. By developing a strong therapeutic alliance, I am able to offer skill development and confidence building to support clients in processing events and decision making. Ideal clients will be open and honest in a supportive, non-judgmental setting to learn skills and increase happiness and hopefulness.
I have been trained in Trauma Focused-CBT and Trauma Informed Care.
I am dedicated and hard working with over 23 years of experience in the mental health field serving children, young adults, and families. I specialize in treating trauma, anxiety, ADHD, ODD, and depression and have an extensive background in helping children with behavioral issues and their families. By developing a strong therapeutic alliance, I am able to offer skill development and confidence building to support clients in processing events and decision making. Ideal clients will be open and honest in a supportive, non-judgmental setting to learn skills and increase happiness and hopefulness.
(412) 453-4523 View (412) 453-4523
Photo of Jackie Dougherty Hernandez, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Pennsylvania
Jackie Dougherty Hernandez
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, BS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
Not only have I experienced first-hand the struggles family systems endure after suffering through trauma, transition, and loss, but I have dedicated countless hours of education, research and practice honing the skills necessary to support the healing process.
I am currently earning my Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy from Syracuse University. I received my Bachelor’s degree in Criminal Justice and Psychology from Shippensburg University, and then spent the better part of the decade following graduation, serving my country in the United States Army. My ambition is to work with veterans, first responders, civil servants, and their families, however, my passion is to assist any and all families during the multitude of life transitions that spark turmoil, anxiety, depression, or difficult challenges for the family system.
Not only have I experienced first-hand the struggles family systems endure after suffering through trauma, transition, and loss, but I have dedicated countless hours of education, research and practice honing the skills necessary to support the healing process.
I am currently earning my Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy from Syracuse University. I received my Bachelor’s degree in Criminal Justice and Psychology from Shippensburg University, and then spent the better part of the decade following graduation, serving my country in the United States Army. My ambition is to work with veterans, first responders, civil servants, and their families, however, my passion is to assist any and all families during the multitude of life transitions that spark turmoil, anxiety, depression, or difficult challenges for the family system.
(484) 262-3062 View (484) 262-3062
Photo of Katie Flanagan-Janda, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pennsylvania
Katie Flanagan-Janda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lancaster, PA 17603
I am a Certified Trauma Professional, and help clients with trauma histories and PTSD.
Welcome! Are you struggling to manage past trauma? Feeling drained or hopeless? Experiencing anxiety, panic and worry? If the answer is yes, I am here to help! I am accepting new adult clients and aim to help you become the best version of yourself, in a supportive and empathic environment. I strive to help you set healthy goals for change, clarity, and happiness. My approach allows you to tell your experience in a warm and supportive environment, as we work together to identify healthy, sustainable goals for a more fulfilling future.
I am a Certified Trauma Professional, and help clients with trauma histories and PTSD.
Welcome! Are you struggling to manage past trauma? Feeling drained or hopeless? Experiencing anxiety, panic and worry? If the answer is yes, I am here to help! I am accepting new adult clients and aim to help you become the best version of yourself, in a supportive and empathic environment. I strive to help you set healthy goals for change, clarity, and happiness. My approach allows you to tell your experience in a warm and supportive environment, as we work together to identify healthy, sustainable goals for a more fulfilling future.
(717) 912-8394 View (717) 912-8394
Photo of Andrea Schachner, Psychologist in Pennsylvania
Andrea Schachner
Psychologist, PsyD, NCSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15213  (Online Only)
My specialties include PTSD/trauma, child and adolescent development, autism, and parenting skills.
My focus is to work with children and families to form caring and supportive relationships that are solution focused and trauma informed. I work with children and adolescents providing individual therapy, family therapy, psychological and psycho-educational assessments, and consultation. I utilize cognitive-behavior therapy and play interventions in the service of providing a safe environment in which clients can better understand themselves and their relationships in order to foster growth and success.
My specialties include PTSD/trauma, child and adolescent development, autism, and parenting skills.
My focus is to work with children and families to form caring and supportive relationships that are solution focused and trauma informed. I work with children and adolescents providing individual therapy, family therapy, psychological and psycho-educational assessments, and consultation. I utilize cognitive-behavior therapy and play interventions in the service of providing a safe environment in which clients can better understand themselves and their relationships in order to foster growth and success.
(412) 214-8913 View (412) 214-8913
Photo of Laura Lowman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pennsylvania
Laura Lowman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT
Verified Verified
Media, PA 19063
I specialize in complex and developmental trauma, loss, abuse, adoption/foster care, fertility issues, autism spectrum disorders, depression and anxiety.
Therapy can be an exciting and rewarding journey, although challenging at times. I am available to help as you explore therapy and changes in your life. I am a licensed clinical social worker and registered play therapist with 30 years of experience. I have received extensive training in sandtray and play therapy. Additionally, I trained in advanced contextual family therapy for over 25 years. I provide individual, family, couples, and play therapy. As a registered play therapist, I am trained to work with children as young as age 4. However, I work with all age groups.
I specialize in complex and developmental trauma, loss, abuse, adoption/foster care, fertility issues, autism spectrum disorders, depression and anxiety.
Therapy can be an exciting and rewarding journey, although challenging at times. I am available to help as you explore therapy and changes in your life. I am a licensed clinical social worker and registered play therapist with 30 years of experience. I have received extensive training in sandtray and play therapy. Additionally, I trained in advanced contextual family therapy for over 25 years. I provide individual, family, couples, and play therapy. As a registered play therapist, I am trained to work with children as young as age 4. However, I work with all age groups.
(215) 995-5194 View (215) 995-5194
Photo of William J Koehler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pennsylvania
William J Koehler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16505
Waitlist for new clients
At Journey to a Trauma Informed Life, we are committed to providing a welcoming environment for every client we work with. As a group, we specialize in working with LGBTQ+, HIV+, BIPOC, and those living with a disability. Whether you work with me directly or one of our member therapists, we are skilled in helping people resolve past traumatic events which are interfering with your ability to function from day to day. I am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and trained in Trauma-Focused CBT. Head to our website (www.atraumainformedlife.com) to learn more
At Journey to a Trauma Informed Life, we are committed to providing a welcoming environment for every client we work with. As a group, we specialize in working with LGBTQ+, HIV+, BIPOC, and those living with a disability. Whether you work with me directly or one of our member therapists, we are skilled in helping people resolve past traumatic events which are interfering with your ability to function from day to day. I am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) and trained in Trauma-Focused CBT. Head to our website (www.atraumainformedlife.com) to learn more
(814) 261-0381 x1 View (814) 261-0381 x1
Photo of Morgan Paul, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Morgan Paul
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Greensburg, PA 15601
I also specialize in trauma and I am trained in TFCBT and EMDR.
Healing isn’t easy & taking the first step of seeking a therapist takes a lot of courage. Healing involves being patient & kind with yourself, along with stepping out of your comfort zone in order to talk about tough things so you can grow. Often in life we are faced with many challenges and feel like we are just stuck. My role as your therapist is to help you sort out these emotions and experiences that have you feeling like you are hitting a wall. Together we will work to identify unhealthy patterns and develop skills to help you take control of your life.
I also specialize in trauma and I am trained in TFCBT and EMDR.
Healing isn’t easy & taking the first step of seeking a therapist takes a lot of courage. Healing involves being patient & kind with yourself, along with stepping out of your comfort zone in order to talk about tough things so you can grow. Often in life we are faced with many challenges and feel like we are just stuck. My role as your therapist is to help you sort out these emotions and experiences that have you feeling like you are hitting a wall. Together we will work to identify unhealthy patterns and develop skills to help you take control of your life.
(724) 264-3283 View (724) 264-3283
Photo of Robert J Moore, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Robert J Moore
Licensed Professional Counselor, MDiv, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
My specialties include marital and pre-marital therapy, parenting, trauma therapies, (EMDR and Brain-Spotting), DBT, enneagram type, and a fusion of spiritual/Christian/Biblical perspectives and traditional therapy that is available to the patient as appropriate.
Having extensive experience, I use empirically supported therapies, and have treated a wide range of ages as well as the most serious disorders. It is my belief that salient therapy treats a client in 3 different directions: top-down (spiritual dimension), inside out (healing of memories), and outside-in (Cognitive-Behavioral and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy). After a thorough assessment, I would identify with my client, determine problems on which to work, set appropriate goals, and determine the correct therapeutic intervention(s) to be used. Meeting those goals would be a therapeutic benchmark throughout the therapy.
My specialties include marital and pre-marital therapy, parenting, trauma therapies, (EMDR and Brain-Spotting), DBT, enneagram type, and a fusion of spiritual/Christian/Biblical perspectives and traditional therapy that is available to the patient as appropriate.
Having extensive experience, I use empirically supported therapies, and have treated a wide range of ages as well as the most serious disorders. It is my belief that salient therapy treats a client in 3 different directions: top-down (spiritual dimension), inside out (healing of memories), and outside-in (Cognitive-Behavioral and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy). After a thorough assessment, I would identify with my client, determine problems on which to work, set appropriate goals, and determine the correct therapeutic intervention(s) to be used. Meeting those goals would be a therapeutic benchmark throughout the therapy.
(215) 642-0949 View (215) 642-0949
Photo of Janeé Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pennsylvania
Janeé Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience working with children and adults coping with trauma, PTSD, depression and anxiety, grief and loss, life transitions, and relationship issues.
Therapy can create greater meaning in your life, illuminate and transform unhealthy patterns, and nourish a sense of connection to those around you. Whether you seek help with specific concerns---like childhood traumas, current traumas, anxiety, depression, or relationship crisis---maybe, you simply want to better understand yourself, I am here to help. I create a safe and supportive space to help your process your emotion, identify strengths and weaknesses, and barriers to reaching your ultimate goal of self healing.
I have extensive experience working with children and adults coping with trauma, PTSD, depression and anxiety, grief and loss, life transitions, and relationship issues.
Therapy can create greater meaning in your life, illuminate and transform unhealthy patterns, and nourish a sense of connection to those around you. Whether you seek help with specific concerns---like childhood traumas, current traumas, anxiety, depression, or relationship crisis---maybe, you simply want to better understand yourself, I am here to help. I create a safe and supportive space to help your process your emotion, identify strengths and weaknesses, and barriers to reaching your ultimate goal of self healing.
(215) 650-8216 View (215) 650-8216
Photo of Everlasting Wellness LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pennsylvania
Everlasting Wellness LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Reading, PA 19608
At Everlasting Wellness LLC, we understand that finding a therapist you feel comfortable with and trust is extremely important. We offer a safe and trusting space and work at your comfort level. Everlasting Wellness specializes in Pregnancy, Postpartum and Maternal Issues, Trauma, Sex Therapy, Sexuality, D&A, Acute and Chronic Medical Diagnosis and Women's Issues as well as Young/Older Adults and College Students. We come with an array of experiences, professionally and personally. We offer groups, individual, couples, and family counseling. We offer in-person sessions in our Sinking Spring and/or Royersford location.
At Everlasting Wellness LLC, we understand that finding a therapist you feel comfortable with and trust is extremely important. We offer a safe and trusting space and work at your comfort level. Everlasting Wellness specializes in Pregnancy, Postpartum and Maternal Issues, Trauma, Sex Therapy, Sexuality, D&A, Acute and Chronic Medical Diagnosis and Women's Issues as well as Young/Older Adults and College Students. We come with an array of experiences, professionally and personally. We offer groups, individual, couples, and family counseling. We offer in-person sessions in our Sinking Spring and/or Royersford location.
(484) 706-9465 View (484) 706-9465
Photo of Antonietta Delli Carpini, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Antonietta Delli Carpini
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RDT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
I specialize in Trauma treatment for adults, children, adolescents, couples and families. Trauma affects all areas of one's life in pervasive and sometimes unexpected ways. I enjoy helping people identify how past events continue to play a part in current patterns, and to work on new and healthy ways of responding to stressors. Other specializations include treating victims of childhood sexual abuse, Dissociative Identity Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder. I enjoy working with LGBTQIA+ individuals, children, adolescents, and couples, and working with families to better understand and support their LGBTQIA+ loved ones.
I specialize in Trauma treatment for adults, children, adolescents, couples and families. Trauma affects all areas of one's life in pervasive and sometimes unexpected ways. I enjoy helping people identify how past events continue to play a part in current patterns, and to work on new and healthy ways of responding to stressors. Other specializations include treating victims of childhood sexual abuse, Dissociative Identity Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder. I enjoy working with LGBTQIA+ individuals, children, adolescents, and couples, and working with families to better understand and support their LGBTQIA+ loved ones.
(267) 399-4740 View (267) 399-4740
Photo of Chenglu Ding, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pennsylvania
Chenglu Ding
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSEd, MPhilEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19110
Are you feeling down, anxious, and isolated? Are you experiencing struggles with work, life transitions, or unresolved trauma? I am passionate about working with adults, children, couples, and families who are dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, stress management, and life transitions. I am also dedicated to assisting immigrants and international students in navigating adjustments to American culture.
Are you feeling down, anxious, and isolated? Are you experiencing struggles with work, life transitions, or unresolved trauma? I am passionate about working with adults, children, couples, and families who are dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, stress management, and life transitions. I am also dedicated to assisting immigrants and international students in navigating adjustments to American culture.
(267) 389-9369 View (267) 389-9369
Photo of Chelsea Williams, Psychologist in Pennsylvania
Chelsea Williams
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
Williams focuses on the assessment of individuals across the lifespan, with a special interest in the impact of trauma on development.
Dr. Williams is a licensed psychologist at The Psychology Loft and obtained her doctorate at Duquesne University. She holds master’s degrees in Educational and Child Psychology and has 10+ years of experience working with individuals across the lifespan. Throughout her career, Dr. Williams has worked in public and private schools, hospitals, community mental health, crisis centers, private practice, juvenile justice and correctional facilities, and has served on legal teams supporting justice-involved youth.
Williams focuses on the assessment of individuals across the lifespan, with a special interest in the impact of trauma on development.
Dr. Williams is a licensed psychologist at The Psychology Loft and obtained her doctorate at Duquesne University. She holds master’s degrees in Educational and Child Psychology and has 10+ years of experience working with individuals across the lifespan. Throughout her career, Dr. Williams has worked in public and private schools, hospitals, community mental health, crisis centers, private practice, juvenile justice and correctional facilities, and has served on legal teams supporting justice-involved youth.
(412) 899-1158 View (412) 899-1158
Photo of BConneXted Counseling & Psychological Services @ , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pennsylvania
BConneXted Counseling & Psychological Services @
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
North Wales, PA 19454
Let me help you better understand the emotions, feelings, and thoughts that undergird anxiety, depression, or trauma you experience.
As a compassionate therapist, award-winning transformational consultant, and leadership coach, I care about distressed individuals and organizations. I have spent more than thirty years working with children, adolescents, and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, or trauma, helping them and troubled organizations to achieve inner peace, external self-awareness, self-understanding, self-reconciliation, self-acceptance, and balance through reflection, intention, positivity, persistence, and pride. I enable them to grow in self-confidence, conviction, and the remobilization of the thinking brain, catalyzing change and transcendence.
Let me help you better understand the emotions, feelings, and thoughts that undergird anxiety, depression, or trauma you experience.
As a compassionate therapist, award-winning transformational consultant, and leadership coach, I care about distressed individuals and organizations. I have spent more than thirty years working with children, adolescents, and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, or trauma, helping them and troubled organizations to achieve inner peace, external self-awareness, self-understanding, self-reconciliation, self-acceptance, and balance through reflection, intention, positivity, persistence, and pride. I enable them to grow in self-confidence, conviction, and the remobilization of the thinking brain, catalyzing change and transcendence.
(267) 367-6686 View (267) 367-6686
Photo of Carmen Porter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Carmen Porter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Over the past 20 years Ive dedicated my time to serving children, individuals and families that have experienced trauma.
Greetings! I am Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. In 2014, I received my masters degree in counseling psychology from Chatham University in Pgh, Pa. Impacting individuals and families; helping them to experience resilience, growth and transformation through difficult experiences and life transitions is something that gives my life meaning.
Over the past 20 years Ive dedicated my time to serving children, individuals and families that have experienced trauma.
Greetings! I am Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. In 2014, I received my masters degree in counseling psychology from Chatham University in Pgh, Pa. Impacting individuals and families; helping them to experience resilience, growth and transformation through difficult experiences and life transitions is something that gives my life meaning.
(484) 573-7157 View (484) 573-7157
Photo of Doty Lee Mauney, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania
Doty Lee Mauney
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RPT
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15201
I am a practicing Gestalt therapist as well as a Registered Play therapist who works with adults and children that have experienced trauma and/or abuse, and present with symptoms of PDSD, anxiety, depression. When working with children I work closely with the parents or caregivers for best results. As a Gestalt therapist my focus is present focused and on the whole person (thoughts, feelings, body/movement.) Together we create an environment where the individual finds a deeper awareness about themselves that can increase their choices about how they interact with others and live their life.
I am a practicing Gestalt therapist as well as a Registered Play therapist who works with adults and children that have experienced trauma and/or abuse, and present with symptoms of PDSD, anxiety, depression. When working with children I work closely with the parents or caregivers for best results. As a Gestalt therapist my focus is present focused and on the whole person (thoughts, feelings, body/movement.) Together we create an environment where the individual finds a deeper awareness about themselves that can increase their choices about how they interact with others and live their life.
(412) 203-4349 View (412) 203-4349

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Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.