Therapists in Pennsylvania

View cities and counties in Pennsylvania
Photo of Tammy Gregorowicz, Psychologist, PhD, LP
Tammy Gregorowicz
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Kingston, PA 18704
Accepting new therapy clients with immediate availability. With over a decade of experience, I've had the privilege of supporting individuals and families across the lifespan in navigating challenges related to neurodevelopmental disorders, mood and behavioral concerns, anxiety, depression, trauma and adjustment, and presurgical procedures.
Accepting new therapy clients with immediate availability. With over a decade of experience, I've had the privilege of supporting individuals and families across the lifespan in navigating challenges related to neurodevelopmental disorders, mood and behavioral concerns, anxiety, depression, trauma and adjustment, and presurgical procedures.
(570) 667-6083 View (570) 667-6083
Photo of Rochelle R Youkers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LCSW
Rochelle R Youkers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Erie, PA 16506
Welcome! I'm Rochelle, I am glad you have taken a moment for yourself, to explore therapy and how it could help in your wellness journey. Things seem so hard right now; the world seems to be a different place and it feels like we are more isolated and disconnected. The struggles with anxiety and depression seems to be greater. Those who have had traumatic events in their life are dealing with the impact of those wounds with increased intensity. Individuals who are going through life transitions are finding it difficult to navigate the changes that result. Therapy can be a wonderful tool to help manage these challenges and feeling be
Welcome! I'm Rochelle, I am glad you have taken a moment for yourself, to explore therapy and how it could help in your wellness journey. Things seem so hard right now; the world seems to be a different place and it feels like we are more isolated and disconnected. The struggles with anxiety and depression seems to be greater. Those who have had traumatic events in their life are dealing with the impact of those wounds with increased intensity. Individuals who are going through life transitions are finding it difficult to navigate the changes that result. Therapy can be a wonderful tool to help manage these challenges and feeling be
(814) 261-0120 View (814) 261-0120
Photo of Amanda Shaffer Dobrowolski, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Amanda Shaffer Dobrowolski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
2 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18106
Waitlist for new clients
We all experience times in our lives when we feel uncertainty, discouragement, worry and sadness. It is often through difficult relationships and life events that our natural balance of healthiness is disrupted. We lose trust in ourselves and others. Therapy is one tool that can guide us through such difficult times. It is my promise to you to provide a compassionate environment for exploration and further understanding of difficult feelings. As a licensed counselor with over 10 years at my own practice, I have treated a range of issues including problems surrounding anxiety, depression, self confidence and life transitions.
We all experience times in our lives when we feel uncertainty, discouragement, worry and sadness. It is often through difficult relationships and life events that our natural balance of healthiness is disrupted. We lose trust in ourselves and others. Therapy is one tool that can guide us through such difficult times. It is my promise to you to provide a compassionate environment for exploration and further understanding of difficult feelings. As a licensed counselor with over 10 years at my own practice, I have treated a range of issues including problems surrounding anxiety, depression, self confidence and life transitions.
(267) 460-6804 View (267) 460-6804
Photo of Nik Frishkorn, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , NCC, LPC
Nik Frishkorn
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , NCC, LPC
New Castle, PA 16105
I am a doctoral candidate dedicated to supporting individuals and their journey towards self discovery, empowerment, and personal growth. My primary focus is assisting you in identifying and overcoming struggles related to confidence, body image, self esteem, and finding your place in the workforce. By fostering a safe and non judgmental environment, I aim to create a space where you can freely express your thoughts, fears, and aspirations.. Whether it's through guided exercise, reflective conversations, or skill building activities, my intention is to help you unlock you're full abilities and recognize your own self worth.
I am a doctoral candidate dedicated to supporting individuals and their journey towards self discovery, empowerment, and personal growth. My primary focus is assisting you in identifying and overcoming struggles related to confidence, body image, self esteem, and finding your place in the workforce. By fostering a safe and non judgmental environment, I aim to create a space where you can freely express your thoughts, fears, and aspirations.. Whether it's through guided exercise, reflective conversations, or skill building activities, my intention is to help you unlock you're full abilities and recognize your own self worth.
(724) 618-4631 View (724) 618-4631
Photo of Danica Flinchbaugh, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Danica Flinchbaugh
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Online Only
Welcome! Reaching out for support is an important step, and I’m glad you’re here. I believe that meaningful change begins with feeling truly seen and understood. I love connecting with new people and consider it a privilege to walk alongside others as they explore what gives their lives meaning and clarity. My work is grounded in empathy, curiosity, and collaboration, with a focus on increasing self-awareness into thoughts & behaviors, building practical skills, and supporting growth.
Welcome! Reaching out for support is an important step, and I’m glad you’re here. I believe that meaningful change begins with feeling truly seen and understood. I love connecting with new people and consider it a privilege to walk alongside others as they explore what gives their lives meaning and clarity. My work is grounded in empathy, curiosity, and collaboration, with a focus on increasing self-awareness into thoughts & behaviors, building practical skills, and supporting growth.
(610) 646-5867 View (610) 646-5867
Photo of Jessica Soriano, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jessica Soriano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Willow Grove, PA 19090
Do you struggle with feeling like you're not enough? Do you endlessly replay situations? Have you and your partner drifted apart, living parallel lives? I work with children, adolescents, adults, & couples on various issues like low self-esteem, trauma, codependency, narcissistic abuse, anxiety, & OCD. Though challenges vary, the underlying need is the same: to move through what's hindering self-trust, heal underlying wounds, reconnect with themselves, and find their voice. My clients generally want a guide to support them in understanding their experiences, uncovering their core values & boundaries, and creating a meaningful life.
Do you struggle with feeling like you're not enough? Do you endlessly replay situations? Have you and your partner drifted apart, living parallel lives? I work with children, adolescents, adults, & couples on various issues like low self-esteem, trauma, codependency, narcissistic abuse, anxiety, & OCD. Though challenges vary, the underlying need is the same: to move through what's hindering self-trust, heal underlying wounds, reconnect with themselves, and find their voice. My clients generally want a guide to support them in understanding their experiences, uncovering their core values & boundaries, and creating a meaningful life.
(215) 607-7670 View (215) 607-7670
Photo of Sarah Epstein, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sarah Epstein
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
My clients are burned-out peacemakers suffering from anxiety, depression, and self-esteem issues. They put others before themselves and struggle to set boundaries. Many had childhoods where their emotional needs weren't fully met and may struggle with ongoing difficult family relationships. I do a lot of work helping dynamics between adult children and their parents. Our work is a process of learning who they are, what they need, and undoing the unhealthy patterns that keep them trapped. I provide virtual individual, family, and couples therapy.
My clients are burned-out peacemakers suffering from anxiety, depression, and self-esteem issues. They put others before themselves and struggle to set boundaries. Many had childhoods where their emotional needs weren't fully met and may struggle with ongoing difficult family relationships. I do a lot of work helping dynamics between adult children and their parents. Our work is a process of learning who they are, what they need, and undoing the unhealthy patterns that keep them trapped. I provide virtual individual, family, and couples therapy.
(267) 440-6078 View (267) 440-6078
Photo of Angela Fucci, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Angela Fucci
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi, I’m Angela. I am a Board Certified Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in helping individuals cope with the everyday stressors of life, reaching their full potential and seeing themselves in a new light. I have provided therapy to individuals from children to the elderly. I also have experience providing therapy to adults with an Intellectual Disability and have used modified treatment strategies to work effectively with that population. I use a strength based approach and encourage you to talk about whatever it is you would like to work on to set the pace for your sessions and develop your treatment goals.
Hi, I’m Angela. I am a Board Certified Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in helping individuals cope with the everyday stressors of life, reaching their full potential and seeing themselves in a new light. I have provided therapy to individuals from children to the elderly. I also have experience providing therapy to adults with an Intellectual Disability and have used modified treatment strategies to work effectively with that population. I use a strength based approach and encourage you to talk about whatever it is you would like to work on to set the pace for your sessions and develop your treatment goals.
(570) 514-4250 View (570) 514-4250
Photo of Samantha Levinson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Samantha Levinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
One of the main components of therapy is to provide a safe environment for clients to explore their thoughts and feelings. My office offers teletherapy play sessions with children and is also easily transformed into a space comfortable for adolescents, adults, and couples. For more than 15 years, I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults with behavioral and emotional challenges. My professional experience consists of working in a variety of settings including: in-home therapy, outpatient, and group practice. My clinical areas of specialty include: anxiety, depression, mood disorders, ADHD, OCD, autism and trauma.
One of the main components of therapy is to provide a safe environment for clients to explore their thoughts and feelings. My office offers teletherapy play sessions with children and is also easily transformed into a space comfortable for adolescents, adults, and couples. For more than 15 years, I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults with behavioral and emotional challenges. My professional experience consists of working in a variety of settings including: in-home therapy, outpatient, and group practice. My clinical areas of specialty include: anxiety, depression, mood disorders, ADHD, OCD, autism and trauma.
(484) 214-2429 View (484) 214-2429
Photo of Dr. Vincent A Pietropaoli, Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC, NCC, CTMH
Dr. Vincent A Pietropaoli
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC, NCC, CTMH
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I have more than ten years of counseling experience working with individuals of all ages and many presenting problems. I have the most extensive experience working with people with mood-related problems (such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and others) and those who have experienced traumatic events.
I have more than ten years of counseling experience working with individuals of all ages and many presenting problems. I have the most extensive experience working with people with mood-related problems (such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and others) and those who have experienced traumatic events.
(412) 900-1103 View (412) 900-1103
Photo of Bernadine Santai-McNamara, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Bernadine Santai-McNamara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Pottsville, PA 17901
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 26 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families. I work to provide an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgement. I utilize positive based approaches to assist with skill building in the areas are stress management, development of coping skills, reframing negative thoughts, and improving communication. I offer evening and weekend only at this time.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 26 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families. I work to provide an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgement. I utilize positive based approaches to assist with skill building in the areas are stress management, development of coping skills, reframing negative thoughts, and improving communication. I offer evening and weekend only at this time.
(570) 665-6374 View (570) 665-6374
Photo of Alyssa Matalik, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Alyssa Matalik
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Indiana, PA 15701
Do you find yourself questioning things about yourself or wondering what is holding you back? We all have things we "could" be working on, but curiosity and action about your own life is the first step! I love meeting with people who want to improve their lives and it takes courage to admit when something is "off." My approach is eclectic and I'm passionate about reducing the stigma of therapy and making it an inclusive experience for growth and change.
Do you find yourself questioning things about yourself or wondering what is holding you back? We all have things we "could" be working on, but curiosity and action about your own life is the first step! I love meeting with people who want to improve their lives and it takes courage to admit when something is "off." My approach is eclectic and I'm passionate about reducing the stigma of therapy and making it an inclusive experience for growth and change.
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Photo of Kate Floren, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-S
Kate Floren
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-S
1 Endorsed
Douglassville, PA 19518
Kate is passionate about providing her clients with a therapeutic experience that fits their presenting needs, taking into account the person's culture, sexual orientation, identified gender, and spirituality. With over seven years experience working in the clinical setting with individuals, youth, families, and couples, Kate has come to understand that each person's journey to healing will be as unique as the path that brought them to counseling. By using evidence-based treatments, combined with a genuine belief in each person's ability to adapt and thrive, Kate is able to treat a variety of mental health concerns.
Kate is passionate about providing her clients with a therapeutic experience that fits their presenting needs, taking into account the person's culture, sexual orientation, identified gender, and spirituality. With over seven years experience working in the clinical setting with individuals, youth, families, and couples, Kate has come to understand that each person's journey to healing will be as unique as the path that brought them to counseling. By using evidence-based treatments, combined with a genuine belief in each person's ability to adapt and thrive, Kate is able to treat a variety of mental health concerns.
(610) 947-4941 View (610) 947-4941
Photo of Christina Valerio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Christina Valerio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi there! I’m Christina, a licensed clinical social worker passionate about helping people feel empowered to achieve their goals and navigate life’s challenges. I work with individuals from all walks of life—adolescents to adults—who are seeking support for depression, anxiety, self-esteem, trauma, life transitions, and substance use. Currently licensed in the state of NJ and PA. In our sessions, I provide a welcoming, judgment-free space where you can truly be yourself. Together, we’ll take meaningful steps toward understanding your experiences, embracing your strengths, and becoming the best version of yourself.
Hi there! I’m Christina, a licensed clinical social worker passionate about helping people feel empowered to achieve their goals and navigate life’s challenges. I work with individuals from all walks of life—adolescents to adults—who are seeking support for depression, anxiety, self-esteem, trauma, life transitions, and substance use. Currently licensed in the state of NJ and PA. In our sessions, I provide a welcoming, judgment-free space where you can truly be yourself. Together, we’ll take meaningful steps toward understanding your experiences, embracing your strengths, and becoming the best version of yourself.
(267) 833-2176 View (267) 833-2176
Photo of David Parrish, Psychologist, PsyD
David Parrish
Psychologist, PsyD
Media, PA 19063
I offer professional care grounded in over 40 years of experience with teens, adults, families, and seniors. My practice focuses on creating a relationship with clients that empowers them to live a life worth living. I am a meditation teacher from the Zen tradition, and I offer a non-dual approach. I offer meditation to reduce stress and develop insight into ways to live a fulfilling life. I also provide a well-rounded approach that combines the most effective evidence-based methods in psychotherapy.
I offer professional care grounded in over 40 years of experience with teens, adults, families, and seniors. My practice focuses on creating a relationship with clients that empowers them to live a life worth living. I am a meditation teacher from the Zen tradition, and I offer a non-dual approach. I offer meditation to reduce stress and develop insight into ways to live a fulfilling life. I also provide a well-rounded approach that combines the most effective evidence-based methods in psychotherapy.
(610) 595-4966 View (610) 595-4966
Photo of Annie Morris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Annie Morris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Hershey, PA 17033
Have you ever felt that life can get lonely when it's so overwhelming? This is a common sentiment, and let's explore it together! My name is Annie Morris, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I specialize in working with adults facing a variety of life experiences including anxiety, depression, caring for aging parents, parenting, grief, marital/relational tension, and life transitions.
Have you ever felt that life can get lonely when it's so overwhelming? This is a common sentiment, and let's explore it together! My name is Annie Morris, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I specialize in working with adults facing a variety of life experiences including anxiety, depression, caring for aging parents, parenting, grief, marital/relational tension, and life transitions.
(717) 999-5992 View (717) 999-5992
Photo of Benjamin D Appel, Pre-Licensed Professional, MT-BC
Benjamin D Appel
Pre-Licensed Professional, MT-BC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I have worked with children and adults experiencing a range of mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, medical issues, and family conflicts. I am a board-certified Music Therapist (MT-BC), soon to be earning Counseling Licensure (LPC). I am passionate about providing customized strengths-based services that improve client outcomes, whether using classic talk therapy or music therapy techniques. As a creative art therapist, I value having a comfortable and enjoyable process that provides motivation to do our work and help clients find new ways of conceptualizing issues and expressing themselves.
I have worked with children and adults experiencing a range of mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, medical issues, and family conflicts. I am a board-certified Music Therapist (MT-BC), soon to be earning Counseling Licensure (LPC). I am passionate about providing customized strengths-based services that improve client outcomes, whether using classic talk therapy or music therapy techniques. As a creative art therapist, I value having a comfortable and enjoyable process that provides motivation to do our work and help clients find new ways of conceptualizing issues and expressing themselves.
(484) 766-4122 View (484) 766-4122
Photo of Heather Scherf, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Heather Scherf
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15239
One of my specialties is family therapy with adolescents and their parents. I enjoy supporting the bridge of communication between the generational differences, and helping each family member feel heard and seen. I work with the philosophy that we don't have to agree with one another to have compassion for one other. I see individuals, couples and families. I work with children as young as 6 years old. If you are seeking parenting support for your child/children, I offer a blended approach to supporting you based on where each specific child is in their development.
One of my specialties is family therapy with adolescents and their parents. I enjoy supporting the bridge of communication between the generational differences, and helping each family member feel heard and seen. I work with the philosophy that we don't have to agree with one another to have compassion for one other. I see individuals, couples and families. I work with children as young as 6 years old. If you are seeking parenting support for your child/children, I offer a blended approach to supporting you based on where each specific child is in their development.
(412) 223-3759 View (412) 223-3759
Photo of Aubrey Grudowski, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Aubrey Grudowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Online Only
Life is a complex array of emotions and struggles, no matter who you are, or your background. Sometimes our emotions and experiences can feel like multiple colors of yarn tangled, with no organization in sight. Anxiety, repetitive thoughts, feeling like you're always on your toes, depression, lack of motivation, or just general life transitions can be extremely overwhelming. No matter the challenge or the concern, my aim is to provide the tools to untangle one color at a time. I pride myself on meeting people where they are at, and considering the whole person in the context of mental health.
Life is a complex array of emotions and struggles, no matter who you are, or your background. Sometimes our emotions and experiences can feel like multiple colors of yarn tangled, with no organization in sight. Anxiety, repetitive thoughts, feeling like you're always on your toes, depression, lack of motivation, or just general life transitions can be extremely overwhelming. No matter the challenge or the concern, my aim is to provide the tools to untangle one color at a time. I pride myself on meeting people where they are at, and considering the whole person in the context of mental health.
(724) 952-2978 View (724) 952-2978
Photo of Meredith Clair Reid, Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Meredith Clair Reid
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
1 Endorsed
Phoenixville, PA 19460
There are many things in life that we cannot control, but wellness lies in how we react to our emotions and the difficult situations we encounter. I work with clients to separate the uncontrollable from the controllable, and provide them with the tools to sit in the discomfort of challenging emotions. I aim to provide a safe space in which clients feel comfortable enough to make changes in their lives for the better. I have worked with clients of all ages, but have the most experience working with neurodivergent trans adolescents struggling with anxiety and mood disorders as well as navigating their gender expression and identity.
There are many things in life that we cannot control, but wellness lies in how we react to our emotions and the difficult situations we encounter. I work with clients to separate the uncontrollable from the controllable, and provide them with the tools to sit in the discomfort of challenging emotions. I aim to provide a safe space in which clients feel comfortable enough to make changes in their lives for the better. I have worked with clients of all ages, but have the most experience working with neurodivergent trans adolescents struggling with anxiety and mood disorders as well as navigating their gender expression and identity.
(610) 795-2934 View (610) 795-2934

See more therapy options for Pennsylvania

How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$149

Therapists in Pennsylvania who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
71% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
63% Stress
59% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
73% Highmark
62% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Pennsylvania see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pennsylvania?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.