Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Vicki Laverty, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Vicki Laverty
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
I have experience working in an inpatient and outpatient setting, I have provided individual & group therapy, crisis intervention, and can support folks in navigating the mental health system. I have worked with folks experiencing mood disorders, PTSD, substance use disorders, suicide ideation, relational challenges, excessive stress & burn-out, issues related to self-esteem, grief & loss, and phase of life concerns (job loss/change, relocating, etc). In our work together, I hope to build a strong rapport, and as a result we can explore your vulnerabilities, develop effective coping skills, and promote a greater outlook on life.
I have experience working in an inpatient and outpatient setting, I have provided individual & group therapy, crisis intervention, and can support folks in navigating the mental health system. I have worked with folks experiencing mood disorders, PTSD, substance use disorders, suicide ideation, relational challenges, excessive stress & burn-out, issues related to self-esteem, grief & loss, and phase of life concerns (job loss/change, relocating, etc). In our work together, I hope to build a strong rapport, and as a result we can explore your vulnerabilities, develop effective coping skills, and promote a greater outlook on life.
(484) 604-2684 View (484) 604-2684
Photo of Ryan Keough, MS, LMFT, -AS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ryan Keough
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, -AS
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19152  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I come from a wide variety of experience and training and will work with an equally wide range of presenting concerns. I will work with people experiencing general life stressors and major life transitions, and/or diagnoses such as depression, anxiety, and trauma. I will work with you to find the best format of therapy to meet you where you are. I believe in a light, humorous, and warm atmosphere when it's called for, but will just as quickly walk with you through the more challenging times of life. You'll feel welcome with me, and we'll work to translate that into the rest of your life.
I come from a wide variety of experience and training and will work with an equally wide range of presenting concerns. I will work with people experiencing general life stressors and major life transitions, and/or diagnoses such as depression, anxiety, and trauma. I will work with you to find the best format of therapy to meet you where you are. I believe in a light, humorous, and warm atmosphere when it's called for, but will just as quickly walk with you through the more challenging times of life. You'll feel welcome with me, and we'll work to translate that into the rest of your life.
(215) 709-3162 View (215) 709-3162
Photo of Maxwell J Sloan, MSEd, MPhilEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maxwell J Sloan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, MPhilEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor providing individual therapy services online. I am interested in working with individuals who are motivated, trusting, and open to the prospect of therapy. Therapy at its best can be a form of education. My ideal clients are individuals who may feel stuck, anxious, or depressed, who are interested in delving deeper into what is behind these states of being.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor providing individual therapy services online. I am interested in working with individuals who are motivated, trusting, and open to the prospect of therapy. Therapy at its best can be a form of education. My ideal clients are individuals who may feel stuck, anxious, or depressed, who are interested in delving deeper into what is behind these states of being.
(267) 762-2207 View (267) 762-2207
Photo of Sophie Hans, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sophie Hans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
(267) 458-5417 View (267) 458-5417
Photo of Taylor Isley-Clark, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Taylor Isley-Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Greetings, I'm Taylor Isley Clark, the founder of Finding Healing and Balance Clinical Practice. I hold a Master's degree in Counseling from Lincoln University of Pennsylvania and am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My professional journey has been enriched by working with children, adolescents, and adults in both family and individual settings.
Greetings, I'm Taylor Isley Clark, the founder of Finding Healing and Balance Clinical Practice. I hold a Master's degree in Counseling from Lincoln University of Pennsylvania and am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My professional journey has been enriched by working with children, adolescents, and adults in both family and individual settings.
(484) 246-8383 View (484) 246-8383
Photo of Omar Alsaadi, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Omar Alsaadi
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19122
As someone who has experienced Tourette's and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, I understand how influential our mental health is and how life changing it is to seek treatment. Although discussing your emotions with someone is never an easy decision, I am here to help you grow and heal through the discomfort. I specialize in working with anxiety (with particular expertise in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Tourette's Disorder) and depression, using multiple methods for treatment. I also have multicultural familiarity, and have worked well with clients of different backgrounds.
As someone who has experienced Tourette's and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, I understand how influential our mental health is and how life changing it is to seek treatment. Although discussing your emotions with someone is never an easy decision, I am here to help you grow and heal through the discomfort. I specialize in working with anxiety (with particular expertise in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Tourette's Disorder) and depression, using multiple methods for treatment. I also have multicultural familiarity, and have worked well with clients of different backgrounds.
(724) 503-6231 View (724) 503-6231
Photo of Nicole Flibbert Laurino, MPhil, Counselor
Nicole Flibbert Laurino
Counselor, MPhil
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I work with adults, young adults, and teens in individual therapy. Some common focuses include depression, anxiety, relationship/family of origin difficulties, sexual concerns, and grief. I specialize in trauma work, which may involve addressing problems feeling reminded of a distressing past event, issues with memory and dissociation, in addition to interpersonal difficulties.
I work with adults, young adults, and teens in individual therapy. Some common focuses include depression, anxiety, relationship/family of origin difficulties, sexual concerns, and grief. I specialize in trauma work, which may involve addressing problems feeling reminded of a distressing past event, issues with memory and dissociation, in addition to interpersonal difficulties.
(215) 883-4510 View (215) 883-4510
Photo of Julia McGrath, LMFT, PMH-C, Marriage & Family Therapist
Julia McGrath
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19118
Can you relate? You tend to be very hard on yourself. You’ve been told you’re “too sensitive” and find yourself shutting down because of it. Your relationships feel stuck or frustrating. You’re experiencing some life transitions and it’s bringing up grief and confusion. Maybe you want to build a family, but it feels like it won’t be possible. Maybe you’re trying to conceive or are pregnant, and finding it lonely and scary. Regardless, you’re curious to start feeling through past hurts, and family hang-ups, and to stop intergenerational cycles of poor boundaries, communication, and more…
Can you relate? You tend to be very hard on yourself. You’ve been told you’re “too sensitive” and find yourself shutting down because of it. Your relationships feel stuck or frustrating. You’re experiencing some life transitions and it’s bringing up grief and confusion. Maybe you want to build a family, but it feels like it won’t be possible. Maybe you’re trying to conceive or are pregnant, and finding it lonely and scary. Regardless, you’re curious to start feeling through past hurts, and family hang-ups, and to stop intergenerational cycles of poor boundaries, communication, and more…
(215) 989-4914 View (215) 989-4914
Photo of Monique Allen, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Monique Allen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Monique is a Pennsylvania Licensed Professional Counselor (PC008627).
Monique is a Pennsylvania Licensed Professional Counselor (PC008627).
(484) 715-9431 View (484) 715-9431
Photo of Bridgett Bollin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bridgett Bollin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Waitlist for new clients
Difficult experiences in childhood can linger on in adulthood as low self esteem, difficulties dating, and feeling like an imposter. You may also wonder if better relationships with difficult family members are possible. I specialize in working with individuals who want relief from anxiety, insecurities and a harsh inner critic, but also want to better understand themselves. As a psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapist, I can help you make sense of how the past lives on in the present, so that you can get unstuck from patterns that no longer serve you, to live with greater clarity, confidence and joy.
Difficult experiences in childhood can linger on in adulthood as low self esteem, difficulties dating, and feeling like an imposter. You may also wonder if better relationships with difficult family members are possible. I specialize in working with individuals who want relief from anxiety, insecurities and a harsh inner critic, but also want to better understand themselves. As a psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapist, I can help you make sense of how the past lives on in the present, so that you can get unstuck from patterns that no longer serve you, to live with greater clarity, confidence and joy.
(267) 296-8313 View (267) 296-8313
Photo of Dr. Janet Hope Horwitz, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Janet Hope Horwitz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Feeling held hostage by self-doubt? You know you’re competent. It’s frustrating when that inner critic floods you with anxiety and that doesn’t come across. You want to enjoy your work, move forward in your career, and be yourself with people. There is hope. It is possible to feel comfortable in your own skin, allow your authentic self to shine through and take pride in your achievements. If you are curious about your inner life and want to understand what’s at the root of these thoughts and emotions and how to better manage them I can help.
Feeling held hostage by self-doubt? You know you’re competent. It’s frustrating when that inner critic floods you with anxiety and that doesn’t come across. You want to enjoy your work, move forward in your career, and be yourself with people. There is hope. It is possible to feel comfortable in your own skin, allow your authentic self to shine through and take pride in your achievements. If you are curious about your inner life and want to understand what’s at the root of these thoughts and emotions and how to better manage them I can help.
(215) 544-2595 View (215) 544-2595
Photo of Gayle Logan, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gayle Logan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I am Gayle V. Logan, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Licensed Social Worker (LMSW) in Pennsylvania with over 35 years of experience in the mental health field. I work with clients ranging from ages 5 to 90+ who are facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma, PTSD, personality disorders, and other mental health symptoms. I earned my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from California Southern University after completing my doctoral studies at Philadelphia’s College of Osteopathic Medicine. I also hold a master’s degree in clinical psychology from Norfolk State University and a master's in soci
I am Gayle V. Logan, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Licensed Social Worker (LMSW) in Pennsylvania with over 35 years of experience in the mental health field. I work with clients ranging from ages 5 to 90+ who are facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma, PTSD, personality disorders, and other mental health symptoms. I earned my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from California Southern University after completing my doctoral studies at Philadelphia’s College of Osteopathic Medicine. I also hold a master’s degree in clinical psychology from Norfolk State University and a master's in soci
(484) 969-9521 View (484) 969-9521
Photo of Stephen Milburn, LPC, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephen Milburn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Waitlist for new clients
Employed in the field of social and mental health services for 30 years. Working in a variety of settings has offered me the opportunity to understand human behavior and in general what makes people tick. This may sound odd to the lay person but my vast working experiences in places like foster care, drug and alcohol, mobile mental health services to children in their own home has truly prepared me to get a really good sense of how to get to the root of the problem and provide the necessary support to clients not strictly coming from an academic viewpoint.
Employed in the field of social and mental health services for 30 years. Working in a variety of settings has offered me the opportunity to understand human behavior and in general what makes people tick. This may sound odd to the lay person but my vast working experiences in places like foster care, drug and alcohol, mobile mental health services to children in their own home has truly prepared me to get a really good sense of how to get to the root of the problem and provide the necessary support to clients not strictly coming from an academic viewpoint.
(267) 327-4624 View (267) 327-4624
Photo of Sarah Flores, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Flores
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Sarah Flores, LCSW. Sarah Flores is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2018. She obtained her B.A. from Hampshire College and her M.S.S. from Bryn Mawr College School of Social Work and Social Research. Sarah understands that the therapeutic relationship itself can be a healing or harmful one and focuses first and foremost on connecting with each individual client using a trauma-informed lens that seeks to understand each client as a whole person. Therapy is not one size fits all, so Sarah strives to approach each individual with the appropriate expertise needed for their unique struggle.
Sarah Flores, LCSW. Sarah Flores is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2018. She obtained her B.A. from Hampshire College and her M.S.S. from Bryn Mawr College School of Social Work and Social Research. Sarah understands that the therapeutic relationship itself can be a healing or harmful one and focuses first and foremost on connecting with each individual client using a trauma-informed lens that seeks to understand each client as a whole person. Therapy is not one size fits all, so Sarah strives to approach each individual with the appropriate expertise needed for their unique struggle.
(267) 485-6120 View (267) 485-6120
Photo of Akia Izzard, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Akia Izzard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Kia Izzard. I’m a licensed clinical social worker. I’ve been a social worker for over 20 years. I assist clients in increasing their insight and awareness of their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. I delve into what’s going on presently. I listen and help them to reflect and feel validated. I don’t subscribe to any one therapeutic modality other than telling your story, which I do with narrative therapy techniques. I believe that those who are marginalized, those who experience trauma, or those who feel like they don’t have a voice, can benefit from narrative therapy techniques.
Hello, my name is Kia Izzard. I’m a licensed clinical social worker. I’ve been a social worker for over 20 years. I assist clients in increasing their insight and awareness of their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. I delve into what’s going on presently. I listen and help them to reflect and feel validated. I don’t subscribe to any one therapeutic modality other than telling your story, which I do with narrative therapy techniques. I believe that those who are marginalized, those who experience trauma, or those who feel like they don’t have a voice, can benefit from narrative therapy techniques.
(267) 361-2649 View (267) 361-2649
Photo of Marquia Anderson, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marquia Anderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
An ideal client for me is someone who has difficulty managing their emotions, engages in frequent negative thinking, and has trouble communicating their needs with family and friends. They want to decrease their anxious or depressive behaviors but have little knowledge of how to begin regulating their emotions.
An ideal client for me is someone who has difficulty managing their emotions, engages in frequent negative thinking, and has trouble communicating their needs with family and friends. They want to decrease their anxious or depressive behaviors but have little knowledge of how to begin regulating their emotions.
(267) 313-5042 View (267) 313-5042
Photo of Tara McCracken, MA
Tara McCracken
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19114  (Online Only)
Hi! First off, I want to say thank you for checking out my page on your search for a therapist. Over the years I have become a trusted resource for people from all identities, races, cultures, genders, sexualities, and ages. I have been a practicing clinician under supervision for 2 years. I am currently pre-licensed and operate under the supervision of Dante Barfield, LPC at Unorthodox Wellness LLC. Finding where you fit in, your place, what your purpose is, and where to find meaning is a difficult journey. Together, we can explore the past, present, and future in a way that feels comfortable to you.
Hi! First off, I want to say thank you for checking out my page on your search for a therapist. Over the years I have become a trusted resource for people from all identities, races, cultures, genders, sexualities, and ages. I have been a practicing clinician under supervision for 2 years. I am currently pre-licensed and operate under the supervision of Dante Barfield, LPC at Unorthodox Wellness LLC. Finding where you fit in, your place, what your purpose is, and where to find meaning is a difficult journey. Together, we can explore the past, present, and future in a way that feels comfortable to you.
(215) 650-8482 View (215) 650-8482
Sabrina Key
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hello my name is Sabrina Key I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I recieved my Masters in Counseling from Alvernia University. I have been working in the field for 27 years. I help clients at their level of needs. I work with young and older adults. Rapport building is the key to a successful client/therapist relationship. I experienced a great deal of life on life terms. I live my life to the fullest. I feel complete giving back to t
Hello my name is Sabrina Key I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I recieved my Masters in Counseling from Alvernia University. I have been working in the field for 27 years. I help clients at their level of needs. I work with young and older adults. Rapport building is the key to a successful client/therapist relationship. I experienced a great deal of life on life terms. I live my life to the fullest. I feel complete giving back to t
(484) 915-1114 View (484) 915-1114
Photo of Elizabeth Simmons, LCSW, DBT-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Simmons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DBT-C
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I will teach you how to live fully in each moment, be unapologetically and authentically you, cope with stress more effectively, regulate your emotions, and improve your relationships with others. My ideal client is ready to work with me, as i support and guide them. I will work with you if you feel like you're doing mostly ok, and I will work with you if you feel like you are a mess and don't even know where to start. Healing is hard work, but it's so worthwhile and I'd love to help you get to the other side and be able to live your best life as your best, most authentic self.
I will teach you how to live fully in each moment, be unapologetically and authentically you, cope with stress more effectively, regulate your emotions, and improve your relationships with others. My ideal client is ready to work with me, as i support and guide them. I will work with you if you feel like you're doing mostly ok, and I will work with you if you feel like you are a mess and don't even know where to start. Healing is hard work, but it's so worthwhile and I'd love to help you get to the other side and be able to live your best life as your best, most authentic self.
(267) 732-1251 View (267) 732-1251
Photo of Andie Loiseau, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andie Loiseau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
My ideal client is the client that has an idea of what they want in life but is overwhelmed with life stressors such as anxiety and depression. This client needs a safe space to explore their life options and the triggers that are causing negative thinking patterns, self-doubt, and low self-confidence. This client needs support, encouragement, and a non-judgmental approach to achieve their goals.
My ideal client is the client that has an idea of what they want in life but is overwhelmed with life stressors such as anxiety and depression. This client needs a safe space to explore their life options and the triggers that are causing negative thinking patterns, self-doubt, and low self-confidence. This client needs support, encouragement, and a non-judgmental approach to achieve their goals.
(267) 352-4834 View (267) 352-4834
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$149

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
61% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

54% Online Only
46% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.