Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Sarah Rosenberg, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Sarah Rosenberg
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I don't want you to just feel better — I want you to get better. I work with individuals who are navigating anxiety, depression, codependency, unhealthy boundaries, challenging family dynamics or the pressures and uncertainty of adulthood. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in a new light, identifying the patterns that keep you feeling stuck and discovering ways to move forward. You will build skills that will help you navigate life with more ease and confidence. My clients describe me as warm, collaborative, down-to-Earth.
I don't want you to just feel better — I want you to get better. I work with individuals who are navigating anxiety, depression, codependency, unhealthy boundaries, challenging family dynamics or the pressures and uncertainty of adulthood. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in a new light, identifying the patterns that keep you feeling stuck and discovering ways to move forward. You will build skills that will help you navigate life with more ease and confidence. My clients describe me as warm, collaborative, down-to-Earth.
(610) 708-1567 View (610) 708-1567
Photo of Jade Autumn Flora-Holmquist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Jade Autumn Flora-Holmquist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
5 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Not accepting new clients
Unlike working with other healthcare professionals, therapy is a uniquely personal relationship so finding a therapist who feels like a ‘good fit’ for you is especially important. A compatible therapist is someone you feel safe enough with to be vulnerable, honest, and unfiltered. Clients who consider me a ‘good fit’ as their therapist appreciate a good sense of humor, are young at heart, might struggle with feeling “different” from others, and/or identify as “neurospicy.” I frequently work with clients looking for support with ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Adoption, Chronic Pain, Grief, Parenting Challenges, and Life Transitions.
Unlike working with other healthcare professionals, therapy is a uniquely personal relationship so finding a therapist who feels like a ‘good fit’ for you is especially important. A compatible therapist is someone you feel safe enough with to be vulnerable, honest, and unfiltered. Clients who consider me a ‘good fit’ as their therapist appreciate a good sense of humor, are young at heart, might struggle with feeling “different” from others, and/or identify as “neurospicy.” I frequently work with clients looking for support with ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Adoption, Chronic Pain, Grief, Parenting Challenges, and Life Transitions.
(610) 947-4743 x309 View (610) 947-4743 x309
Photo of Joe Dowling, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Joe Dowling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19128
I am a strength based, future-foused clinician who facilitates therapy as an experiential process. I enable clients to access their own personal history of learnings and achievements while guiding them to create future memories of success. I incorporate mindfullness, hypnnotic zone exercises, and solution-focused/strategic therapies to help clients become smart enough to know when to stop thinking. What-iffing, Why-ing, and Self-Criticizing clients are welcome to experience a peak performance therapy that allows them to access, reconnect with, and be their best self. I also work extensively with athletes, corporate professionals, and performers.
I am a strength based, future-foused clinician who facilitates therapy as an experiential process. I enable clients to access their own personal history of learnings and achievements while guiding them to create future memories of success. I incorporate mindfullness, hypnnotic zone exercises, and solution-focused/strategic therapies to help clients become smart enough to know when to stop thinking. What-iffing, Why-ing, and Self-Criticizing clients are welcome to experience a peak performance therapy that allows them to access, reconnect with, and be their best self. I also work extensively with athletes, corporate professionals, and performers.
(267) 282-6036 View (267) 282-6036
Photo of Kat Glick - Fishtown Wellness Center , Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT, LSW
Fishtown Wellness Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT, LSW
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19125
The mission of Fishtown Wellness is to enable individuals and families to create a life of well-being and balance. We are committed to providing our clients with the best quality, evidence-based approaches to treating mental and behavioral health concerns while building on personal strengths. We are committed to providing access to mental health services by taking insurance and utilizing a sliding scale for those individuals with no health coverage. There is no “one-size fits all” approach to therapy, however, many of our approaches draw from client-centered/humanistic, cognitive-behavioral, and mindfulness-based models.
The mission of Fishtown Wellness is to enable individuals and families to create a life of well-being and balance. We are committed to providing our clients with the best quality, evidence-based approaches to treating mental and behavioral health concerns while building on personal strengths. We are committed to providing access to mental health services by taking insurance and utilizing a sliding scale for those individuals with no health coverage. There is no “one-size fits all” approach to therapy, however, many of our approaches draw from client-centered/humanistic, cognitive-behavioral, and mindfulness-based models.
(267) 764-1997 View (267) 764-1997
Photo of Jordon Campbell, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Jordon Campbell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Taking the first step to seek out therapy is courageous and at times, we do not take a moment to recognize the brave steps that we take day by day. I want my clients to feel empowered and I work hard to help my clients harness their inner strengths and also ways to build their support systems. I believe that therapy is not a one size fits all approach because of this, I make sure to get to know my clients as individuals by taking a deeper look into family background, current relational influences and stressors. It allows me to get a bigger picture of how small changes can help impact larger systems.
Taking the first step to seek out therapy is courageous and at times, we do not take a moment to recognize the brave steps that we take day by day. I want my clients to feel empowered and I work hard to help my clients harness their inner strengths and also ways to build their support systems. I believe that therapy is not a one size fits all approach because of this, I make sure to get to know my clients as individuals by taking a deeper look into family background, current relational influences and stressors. It allows me to get a bigger picture of how small changes can help impact larger systems.
(267) 489-1697 View (267) 489-1697
Photo of Dr. Maisy Hughes, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Dr. Maisy Hughes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Deciding to go to therapy can be overwhelming, and my first priority when we meet is to make sure you feel comfortable and heard. Therapy looks different for everyone, and we will collaborate closely to make sure you are getting what you need. I welcome clients with a diversity of backgrounds, experiences, and identities, and bring an anti-oppressive and decolonial lens to guide you in exploring how interlocking systems of oppression impact your emotional well being.
Deciding to go to therapy can be overwhelming, and my first priority when we meet is to make sure you feel comfortable and heard. Therapy looks different for everyone, and we will collaborate closely to make sure you are getting what you need. I welcome clients with a diversity of backgrounds, experiences, and identities, and bring an anti-oppressive and decolonial lens to guide you in exploring how interlocking systems of oppression impact your emotional well being.
(267) 548-4948 View (267) 548-4948
Photo of Krista Smith-Hanke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Krista Smith-Hanke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
14 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Therapy is a space for you to explore, question, play, challenge, and grow. I value curiosity and building a trusting & collaborative relationship between therapist and client. I'm interested in supporting you through identifying patterns, exploring the ways trauma manifests in your life, looking at the impact of relationships and systems on your identity, and noticing the connections between past and present. I work with children, adolescents and young adults around issues of identity development, life transitions, complex trauma, abuse and neglect, gender and sexuality, attachment issues and relationship challenges.
Therapy is a space for you to explore, question, play, challenge, and grow. I value curiosity and building a trusting & collaborative relationship between therapist and client. I'm interested in supporting you through identifying patterns, exploring the ways trauma manifests in your life, looking at the impact of relationships and systems on your identity, and noticing the connections between past and present. I work with children, adolescents and young adults around issues of identity development, life transitions, complex trauma, abuse and neglect, gender and sexuality, attachment issues and relationship challenges.
(267) 494-0592 View (267) 494-0592
Photo of Bally Radatti Gerzan, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Bally Radatti Gerzan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I provide treatment to adult individuals and couples, focusing on my clients’ strengths to help them to establish meaningful relationships and pursue fulfilling lives. Trust and collaboration set the foundation of the therapeutic process, and so it is vital for me to meet my clients where they are as we work together to individualize treatment based upon their unique qualities and experiences.
I provide treatment to adult individuals and couples, focusing on my clients’ strengths to help them to establish meaningful relationships and pursue fulfilling lives. Trust and collaboration set the foundation of the therapeutic process, and so it is vital for me to meet my clients where they are as we work together to individualize treatment based upon their unique qualities and experiences.
(267) 753-6119 View (267) 753-6119
Photo of Brie (Brianne) Scott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brie (Brianne) Scott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19144
Not accepting new clients
I am a Hispanic, white, able-bodied, queer, women. I practice from an anti-oppression frame work. I believe my job is to be sometimes a teacher, sometimes a mirror and always your cheerleader. "If you have come to help me you are wasting your time. But if you have come because your liberation is bound up with mine, then let us work together" -Aboriginal Activists Group Queensland, 1970's
I am a Hispanic, white, able-bodied, queer, women. I practice from an anti-oppression frame work. I believe my job is to be sometimes a teacher, sometimes a mirror and always your cheerleader. "If you have come to help me you are wasting your time. But if you have come because your liberation is bound up with mine, then let us work together" -Aboriginal Activists Group Queensland, 1970's
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Photo of Dr. Colleen Elizabeth Reichmann - Wildflower Therapy, Psychologist, PsyD
Wildflower Therapy
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Hi! I’m Dr. Colleen Reichmann, a clinical psychologist and founder of Wildflower Therapy- a group practice that specializes in eating disorders and body image in Philadelphia, PA. We specialize in helping people break free from disordered eating, food guilt, and body image struggles so they can build a peaceful relationship with food and their bodies. We also specialize in anxiety, depression, OCD, and maternal mental health. We work with kids-adults. Our therapy style is neurodivergent-affirming, LGBTQ-celebratory, warm, active, and collaborative- we are NOT your smile and nod therapists. It would be our honor to work with YOU!
Hi! I’m Dr. Colleen Reichmann, a clinical psychologist and founder of Wildflower Therapy- a group practice that specializes in eating disorders and body image in Philadelphia, PA. We specialize in helping people break free from disordered eating, food guilt, and body image struggles so they can build a peaceful relationship with food and their bodies. We also specialize in anxiety, depression, OCD, and maternal mental health. We work with kids-adults. Our therapy style is neurodivergent-affirming, LGBTQ-celebratory, warm, active, and collaborative- we are NOT your smile and nod therapists. It would be our honor to work with YOU!
(215) 434-1934 View (215) 434-1934
Photo of Renée Council, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Renée Council
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Do you feel like your life isn't quite where you imagined it would be? You're not alone. Many of us long for deeper connection, a sense of peace and satisfaction, but struggle to achieve this. Together, we’ll explore what maybe holding you back. I help adults navigate relationships with emotionally immature parents/adults and life transitions (e.g. college/post grad, perimenopause/menopause, caregiver for parents).
Do you feel like your life isn't quite where you imagined it would be? You're not alone. Many of us long for deeper connection, a sense of peace and satisfaction, but struggle to achieve this. Together, we’ll explore what maybe holding you back. I help adults navigate relationships with emotionally immature parents/adults and life transitions (e.g. college/post grad, perimenopause/menopause, caregiver for parents).
(215) 302-0188 View (215) 302-0188
Photo of Neil Warshafsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Neil Warshafsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Even if you've done this before, it's not always an easy decision to find a therapist. I appreciate that you're taking this step toward finding someone you feel might be a good fit. Therapy is most successful when a person feels some connection with their therapist. I take a down-to-earth, supportive, conversational approach that, especially at first, helps sessions feel comfortable and allows some time for us to get to know each other. I believe how we see ourselves is rooted in our history and that it can be powerful to identify ways we learned to think about ourselves and others.
Even if you've done this before, it's not always an easy decision to find a therapist. I appreciate that you're taking this step toward finding someone you feel might be a good fit. Therapy is most successful when a person feels some connection with their therapist. I take a down-to-earth, supportive, conversational approach that, especially at first, helps sessions feel comfortable and allows some time for us to get to know each other. I believe how we see ourselves is rooted in our history and that it can be powerful to identify ways we learned to think about ourselves and others.
(215) 999-7462 View (215) 999-7462
Photo of David Steinberg - David Steinberg, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
David Steinberg, PhD, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Philadelphia, PA 19119
Your feelings and experiences are unique. You may need a supportive presence to help you explore and affirm your core values, or perhaps you need to be challenged? I can help you find ways to improve the way you feel about yourself, and how you negotiate relationships in love and work. In spite of our super-connected high-tech world, modern life can be fraught with feelings of isolation and loneliness. Everything you need to know in order to live life to its fullest is already inside of you. Let me help you make deeper contact with yourself and others. Pick up the phone and make call me now to get started.
Your feelings and experiences are unique. You may need a supportive presence to help you explore and affirm your core values, or perhaps you need to be challenged? I can help you find ways to improve the way you feel about yourself, and how you negotiate relationships in love and work. In spite of our super-connected high-tech world, modern life can be fraught with feelings of isolation and loneliness. Everything you need to know in order to live life to its fullest is already inside of you. Let me help you make deeper contact with yourself and others. Pick up the phone and make call me now to get started.
(215) 798-0829 View (215) 798-0829
Photo of Syreeta McDonald, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Syreeta McDonald
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Online Only
With over 13 years of experience in the counseling field, I offer a warm and empathetic approach, creating a safe and supportive therapeutic environment where my clients feel heard, understood, and valued. I work closely with my clients developing personalized treatment plans that promote holistic well-being, healing, and lasting change. I have experience working with individuals of all ages and previously worked as a teacher and school counselor.
With over 13 years of experience in the counseling field, I offer a warm and empathetic approach, creating a safe and supportive therapeutic environment where my clients feel heard, understood, and valued. I work closely with my clients developing personalized treatment plans that promote holistic well-being, healing, and lasting change. I have experience working with individuals of all ages and previously worked as a teacher and school counselor.
(267) 619-8910 View (267) 619-8910
Photo of John C McWilliams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
John C McWilliams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I am passionate about helping adults of all ages navigate the transitions in their lives, approaching my work from the perspective that all of us are seeking to realize our full potential. I help clients find solutions to what’s blocking their path and compromising their joy. I have been successful in helping people, including those in the LGBTQ+ community, who are struggling to find their sense of identity as they seek to recover from the trauma of invalidating families and cultures. I help couples break their cycle of defensive communication to experience the rewards of emotional intimacy.
I am passionate about helping adults of all ages navigate the transitions in their lives, approaching my work from the perspective that all of us are seeking to realize our full potential. I help clients find solutions to what’s blocking their path and compromising their joy. I have been successful in helping people, including those in the LGBTQ+ community, who are struggling to find their sense of identity as they seek to recover from the trauma of invalidating families and cultures. I help couples break their cycle of defensive communication to experience the rewards of emotional intimacy.
(267) 728-7845 View (267) 728-7845
Photo of Nathan Wagner, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Nathan Wagner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I’m a licensed therapist with 13 years of clinical experience, and I work with adults dealing with anxiety, grief, relationship stress, parenting stress, and major life transitions. Many of the people I work with feel overwhelmed, worn down, stuck, or disconnected, even if they look like they’re holding it together on the outside. They’ve often been carrying a lot alone, and therapy gives them a place to talk honestly, make sense of things, and begin to move forward.
I’m a licensed therapist with 13 years of clinical experience, and I work with adults dealing with anxiety, grief, relationship stress, parenting stress, and major life transitions. Many of the people I work with feel overwhelmed, worn down, stuck, or disconnected, even if they look like they’re holding it together on the outside. They’ve often been carrying a lot alone, and therapy gives them a place to talk honestly, make sense of things, and begin to move forward.
(267) 589-8293 View (267) 589-8293
Photo of Liza Haas, Psychologist, PhD
Liza Haas
Psychologist, PhD
7 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I view therapy as a collaborative and transformative process. My goal is to create a warm, supportive environment where you feel safe to explore your thoughts and feelings. I emphasize the importance of establishing a strong therapeutic alliance, grounded in trust, openness, and flexibility. I want you to feel comfortable sharing your story, knowing that I am here to listen without judgment. My approach balances addressing immediate concerns with fostering a deeper understanding of your emotional experiences.
I view therapy as a collaborative and transformative process. My goal is to create a warm, supportive environment where you feel safe to explore your thoughts and feelings. I emphasize the importance of establishing a strong therapeutic alliance, grounded in trust, openness, and flexibility. I want you to feel comfortable sharing your story, knowing that I am here to listen without judgment. My approach balances addressing immediate concerns with fostering a deeper understanding of your emotional experiences.
(484) 214-2692 View (484) 214-2692
Photo of Jasmine Wilson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Jasmine Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19128
Waitlist for new clients
My name is Jasmine and I am a therapist who focuses on helping adults achieve peace through creating healthy boundaries and building their skills to create the outcomes they desire! I am passionate about helping others achieve alignment and connection and live peacefully in all facets of life and create awareness and accountability. It is okay if you don’t know what your next step is, I am here to help you figure out what that is!
My name is Jasmine and I am a therapist who focuses on helping adults achieve peace through creating healthy boundaries and building their skills to create the outcomes they desire! I am passionate about helping others achieve alignment and connection and live peacefully in all facets of life and create awareness and accountability. It is okay if you don’t know what your next step is, I am here to help you figure out what that is!
(484) 978-8272 View (484) 978-8272
Photo of Rachel Braun, Art Therapist, LPC, ATR-BC
Rachel Braun
Art Therapist, LPC, ATR-BC
Philadelphia, PA 19144
Do you ever feel stuck in some way, shut down or perhaps overly agitated? Are there times when past experiences seem to unexpectedly bubble up and disrupt the present? I specialize in working with women who experience anxiety, depression and any history of trauma. Self-protection might show up as people-pleasing behavior, avoidance, justification and even disordered eating. I will help you engage in the creative process to explore underlying issues and reveal hidden strengths. Therapy can lead to self-compassion and acceptance, renewed energy, more satisfying connections, and an ability to thrive in both work and home environments.
Do you ever feel stuck in some way, shut down or perhaps overly agitated? Are there times when past experiences seem to unexpectedly bubble up and disrupt the present? I specialize in working with women who experience anxiety, depression and any history of trauma. Self-protection might show up as people-pleasing behavior, avoidance, justification and even disordered eating. I will help you engage in the creative process to explore underlying issues and reveal hidden strengths. Therapy can lead to self-compassion and acceptance, renewed energy, more satisfying connections, and an ability to thrive in both work and home environments.
(215) 791-8077 View (215) 791-8077
Photo of Annemarie Martinez, Associate Professional Counselor
Annemarie Martinez
Associate Professional Counselor
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
My journey as a queer Latinx woman has enriched my understanding of how cultural influences and personal experiences intricately shape our sense of self. This insight, combined with my warm, approachable clinical approach, has fostered a special connection with the LGBT community, particularly with LGBT teenagers. These young individuals navigate the complexities of adolescence and sexual orientation, seeking to define their identities in an accepting and supportive space.
My journey as a queer Latinx woman has enriched my understanding of how cultural influences and personal experiences intricately shape our sense of self. This insight, combined with my warm, approachable clinical approach, has fostered a special connection with the LGBT community, particularly with LGBT teenagers. These young individuals navigate the complexities of adolescence and sexual orientation, seeking to define their identities in an accepting and supportive space.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
71% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
62% Stress
59% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
57% Highmark

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

76% Female
20% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.