Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Jessica Williams-Joseph - Jessica Joseph, PhD, PLLC, Psychologist, PhD
Jessica Joseph, PhD, PLLC
Psychologist, PhD
Philadelphia, PA 19102
As a therapist, I try to provide a warm, safe(r), and casual space for folks to explore how personal, environmental, and societal interactions impact their experiences of distress, sense of self, and relationships. I believe in the importance of making room for folks’ multifaceted, diverse, and complex identities, values, and histories. My therapeutic approach is strongly rooted in justice frameworks, and therefore it is deeply politicized. As such, I believe that therapy has the capacity to be a radical space, where folks can be witnessed in their past and current experiences of trauma and oppression.
As a therapist, I try to provide a warm, safe(r), and casual space for folks to explore how personal, environmental, and societal interactions impact their experiences of distress, sense of self, and relationships. I believe in the importance of making room for folks’ multifaceted, diverse, and complex identities, values, and histories. My therapeutic approach is strongly rooted in justice frameworks, and therefore it is deeply politicized. As such, I believe that therapy has the capacity to be a radical space, where folks can be witnessed in their past and current experiences of trauma and oppression.
(267) 860-8142 View (267) 860-8142
Photo of Ian Murdock, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ian Murdock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147
My way of being with clients offers compassion, humor, and authenticity. My presence is often described as warm, grounding, and reassuring. My approach is person-centered, which means that while I may provide observations and skills, you the patient are the expert, and that we are working together to understand what troubles you. When appropriate, we may focus on targeted interventions such as EMDR and exposure therapy, and skill building based in CBT, DBT, and ACT. We may also focus on existential concerns, especially around meaning making and coming to terms with what choices you have in life and facing them with courage.
My way of being with clients offers compassion, humor, and authenticity. My presence is often described as warm, grounding, and reassuring. My approach is person-centered, which means that while I may provide observations and skills, you the patient are the expert, and that we are working together to understand what troubles you. When appropriate, we may focus on targeted interventions such as EMDR and exposure therapy, and skill building based in CBT, DBT, and ACT. We may also focus on existential concerns, especially around meaning making and coming to terms with what choices you have in life and facing them with courage.
(267) 361-1517 View (267) 361-1517
Photo of Chanel Y Grundy, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LPCMH
Chanel Y Grundy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LPCMH
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Maintaining a high vibrational state of mind during life's uncertainties and transitions begins with a safe space to face today's challenges. As we navigate through obstacles together, I use a person centered approach to holistic healing while supporting you in creating the life you desire. I believe in you and the future self you envision. Let's work together to address mind, body and spirit imbalances and build upon the inner peace and self acceptance you or your child has the ability to experience.
Maintaining a high vibrational state of mind during life's uncertainties and transitions begins with a safe space to face today's challenges. As we navigate through obstacles together, I use a person centered approach to holistic healing while supporting you in creating the life you desire. I believe in you and the future self you envision. Let's work together to address mind, body and spirit imbalances and build upon the inner peace and self acceptance you or your child has the ability to experience.
(215) 344-7883 View (215) 344-7883
Photo of Tabs Ulmer, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LAMFT
Tabs Ulmer
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LAMFT
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19110
I provide focused care to relationships and the people in them. Whether you are neurodivergent, monogamous or polyamerous, a family or individual, sessions with me are dedicated to the client and your goals. I work closely with multicultural couples who are navigating bringing together two worlds while creating space for their own relationship. When our relationships are suffering it can affect our lives in all sorts of ways which is why I recommend therapy that includes the ones we love. Whether we are working through a conflict, identity questions, or just checking in, a session is a space to be yourself.
I provide focused care to relationships and the people in them. Whether you are neurodivergent, monogamous or polyamerous, a family or individual, sessions with me are dedicated to the client and your goals. I work closely with multicultural couples who are navigating bringing together two worlds while creating space for their own relationship. When our relationships are suffering it can affect our lives in all sorts of ways which is why I recommend therapy that includes the ones we love. Whether we are working through a conflict, identity questions, or just checking in, a session is a space to be yourself.
(267) 704-8423 View (267) 704-8423
Photo of Dr. Dena DiNardo, Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Dr. Dena DiNardo
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Congratulations on your decision to explore therapy! I work in 43+ States, exclusively with couples, families, and other intimate relationships in need of a safe space to overcome communication blocks, deepen connection(s), heal past hurt(s), and/or secure a future vision you have for you relationship or family. I value helping all participants achieve exactly what they need from therapy so you can successfully move forward with more insight, self-awareness, sustainable tools, and genuine confidence.
Congratulations on your decision to explore therapy! I work in 43+ States, exclusively with couples, families, and other intimate relationships in need of a safe space to overcome communication blocks, deepen connection(s), heal past hurt(s), and/or secure a future vision you have for you relationship or family. I value helping all participants achieve exactly what they need from therapy so you can successfully move forward with more insight, self-awareness, sustainable tools, and genuine confidence.
(267) 867-5192 View (267) 867-5192
Photo of Maria Munoz-Grandes, Pre-Licensed Professional, MPsych, MSc, MPhi, MEd, MA
Maria Munoz-Grandes
Pre-Licensed Professional, MPsych, MSc, MPhi, MEd, MA
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19146
Clients who will benefit more from working with me are complex, sensitive persons and couples going through some kind of life transition, or some relational or existential crisis, who want to understand themselves better, integrate the many sides of their identity, "own" their experiences, and reflect about their life course and ways of being and relating. Also persons willing to heal from trauma, to build resiliency and unleash post-traumatic growth. I have lived in Europe, Africa and USA, and have developed an expertise in immigration, acculturation, and international and transnational identities and experiences.
Clients who will benefit more from working with me are complex, sensitive persons and couples going through some kind of life transition, or some relational or existential crisis, who want to understand themselves better, integrate the many sides of their identity, "own" their experiences, and reflect about their life course and ways of being and relating. Also persons willing to heal from trauma, to build resiliency and unleash post-traumatic growth. I have lived in Europe, Africa and USA, and have developed an expertise in immigration, acculturation, and international and transnational identities and experiences.
(267) 497-3047 View (267) 497-3047
Photo of Craig M Aaron, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Craig M Aaron
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19145
I work with a wide range of emotional and behavioral challenges that include anxiety, depression, anger, guilt, shame, embarrassment, procrastination, avoidance, marital/couple/family relations and more. My approach though highly individualized and eclectic is primarily a cognitive behavioral one in which we delve into the emotional, behavioral and cognitive roots in order to identify, challenge and ultimately replace those unhelpful aspects with health promoting aspects. This along with a commitment to hard work on the part of the client often results in improved functioning and an enriched and more satisfying quality of life.
I work with a wide range of emotional and behavioral challenges that include anxiety, depression, anger, guilt, shame, embarrassment, procrastination, avoidance, marital/couple/family relations and more. My approach though highly individualized and eclectic is primarily a cognitive behavioral one in which we delve into the emotional, behavioral and cognitive roots in order to identify, challenge and ultimately replace those unhelpful aspects with health promoting aspects. This along with a commitment to hard work on the part of the client often results in improved functioning and an enriched and more satisfying quality of life.
(610) 898-3192 View (610) 898-3192
Photo of Dr. Katie Fabius, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Katie Fabius
Psychologist, PsyD
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Not accepting new clients
At LifeStance Health, Dr. Fabius offers specialized evaluations for ADHD, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, and trauma-related concerns, tailoring each assessment to the unique needs and goals of the individual. Serving patients throughout Pennsylvania, her approach is thorough and compassionate—designed not only to provide answers but also to empower individuals and their providers with actionable insights. Dr. Fabius has particular expertise in working with individuals facing life transitions, including midlife and later adulthood.
At LifeStance Health, Dr. Fabius offers specialized evaluations for ADHD, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, and trauma-related concerns, tailoring each assessment to the unique needs and goals of the individual. Serving patients throughout Pennsylvania, her approach is thorough and compassionate—designed not only to provide answers but also to empower individuals and their providers with actionable insights. Dr. Fabius has particular expertise in working with individuals facing life transitions, including midlife and later adulthood.
(215) 267-8985 View (215) 267-8985
Photo of Jessica Renee Blanding - Caring Clarity Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Caring Clarity Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Online Only
If only life were as easy as scrolling through counselor profiles. Let me help you bring healing and understanding to life's difficulties so you can move past them and into a better mind space. I am experienced in all areas of mental health, but I am highly effective in treating stress, anxiety, and depression. In addition to working with those experiencing difficult life transitions such as loss and divorce, I also enjoy working with women's issues such as infertility, postpartum conditions, parenting issues, and adjustments dealing with weight loss.
If only life were as easy as scrolling through counselor profiles. Let me help you bring healing and understanding to life's difficulties so you can move past them and into a better mind space. I am experienced in all areas of mental health, but I am highly effective in treating stress, anxiety, and depression. In addition to working with those experiencing difficult life transitions such as loss and divorce, I also enjoy working with women's issues such as infertility, postpartum conditions, parenting issues, and adjustments dealing with weight loss.
(215) 883-8263 View (215) 883-8263
Photo of Pam Rothman, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP, CATP
Pam Rothman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP, CATP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Since adolescence, my calling has been helping others along with a passion in social justice and neurodivergence. I am trauma certified (including, but not limited to, religious, childhood/emotionally immature parents, sexual, addiction, and grief), and specialize in disordered eating and chronic illness/pain, including autoimmune, autonomic dysfunction, hypermobility, and gynecologic issues (the menopause transition, endometriosis, infertility, etc). I also work with those in the helping fields, such as therapists, teachers, and in healthcare. Using an anti-oppressive lens, we will collaborate on what works best for your treatment.
Since adolescence, my calling has been helping others along with a passion in social justice and neurodivergence. I am trauma certified (including, but not limited to, religious, childhood/emotionally immature parents, sexual, addiction, and grief), and specialize in disordered eating and chronic illness/pain, including autoimmune, autonomic dysfunction, hypermobility, and gynecologic issues (the menopause transition, endometriosis, infertility, etc). I also work with those in the helping fields, such as therapists, teachers, and in healthcare. Using an anti-oppressive lens, we will collaborate on what works best for your treatment.
(267) 323-4584 View (267) 323-4584
Photo of Robert J Hunt, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Robert J Hunt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Dealing with emotional or relationship problems, or perhaps a traumatic life experience alone can be challenging and isolating. There comes a time in many of our lives when getting help from a professional may be imperative. When choosing a therapist, their wisdom, life experience, empathy and connection with you are crucial as they will teach you the skills you need to better manage life. I believe I possess these qualities and impart them in each professional relationship whether it is with an individual, couple or a family. Therapy occurs in a safe and confidential environment.
Dealing with emotional or relationship problems, or perhaps a traumatic life experience alone can be challenging and isolating. There comes a time in many of our lives when getting help from a professional may be imperative. When choosing a therapist, their wisdom, life experience, empathy and connection with you are crucial as they will teach you the skills you need to better manage life. I believe I possess these qualities and impart them in each professional relationship whether it is with an individual, couple or a family. Therapy occurs in a safe and confidential environment.
(267) 536-2513 View (267) 536-2513
Photo of Rischa Burrell, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Rischa Burrell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Rischa Burrell, LPC, provides compassionate and individualized therapy to support adults and teens in Pennsylvania. She specializes in treating anxiety, depression, and substance use issues, helping clients navigate life's challenges with evidence-based approaches. Rischa has a particular passion for supporting individuals through life transitions, including young adult and midlife adjustments, postpartum mental health challenges, and grief.
Rischa Burrell, LPC, provides compassionate and individualized therapy to support adults and teens in Pennsylvania. She specializes in treating anxiety, depression, and substance use issues, helping clients navigate life's challenges with evidence-based approaches. Rischa has a particular passion for supporting individuals through life transitions, including young adult and midlife adjustments, postpartum mental health challenges, and grief.
(717) 864-5018 View (717) 864-5018
Photo of Gianna Damis, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Gianna Damis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Not accepting new clients
What's the last thing you missed out on because your emotions or relationship with food got in the way? Do you remember what it felt like before mental health issues or self doubt took their toll, but you can't seem to return to your "normal" on your own? You don't have to go through this alone. I specialize in helping those with disordered eating, depression, anxiety, and stress find themselves again. Together, we will create sessions that are tailored to fit your needs. Through a mix of warmth, humor, and accountability, I support the mind-body connection, building distress tolerance, and deepening your understanding of yourself.
What's the last thing you missed out on because your emotions or relationship with food got in the way? Do you remember what it felt like before mental health issues or self doubt took their toll, but you can't seem to return to your "normal" on your own? You don't have to go through this alone. I specialize in helping those with disordered eating, depression, anxiety, and stress find themselves again. Together, we will create sessions that are tailored to fit your needs. Through a mix of warmth, humor, and accountability, I support the mind-body connection, building distress tolerance, and deepening your understanding of yourself.
(484) 435-7646 View (484) 435-7646
Photo of Wydia Houston, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Wydia Houston
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I enjoy working with adults navigating spaces that include: Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Specific Phobias, Obsessions, Racial/Ethnic issues, Women's Issues and Self esteem. I help those seeking to improve daily functioning, enhance self awareness and improve interpersonal relationships.
I enjoy working with adults navigating spaces that include: Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Specific Phobias, Obsessions, Racial/Ethnic issues, Women's Issues and Self esteem. I help those seeking to improve daily functioning, enhance self awareness and improve interpersonal relationships.
(267) 936-2878 View (267) 936-2878
Photo of Jan Horner, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Jan Horner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe that an authentic, caring, and strong connection between therapist and client is essential to facilitate meaningful change and it is an honor to be invited to participate in another person’s transformational journey.
I believe that an authentic, caring, and strong connection between therapist and client is essential to facilitate meaningful change and it is an honor to be invited to participate in another person’s transformational journey.
(267) 362-8989 View (267) 362-8989
Photo of Stefanie Juten, Counselor, LAPC, NCC
Stefanie Juten
Counselor, LAPC, NCC
Online Only
You’re not looking for someone to just nod and listen; you want real change. Whether you're coming to therapy as an individual or with your partner, I offer a straightforward, compassionate approach that blends honest feedback with evidence-based tools. My style is active and engaged: I’ll help you identify what’s not working, teach you skills to cope more effectively, and support you in making real, lasting changes.
You’re not looking for someone to just nod and listen; you want real change. Whether you're coming to therapy as an individual or with your partner, I offer a straightforward, compassionate approach that blends honest feedback with evidence-based tools. My style is active and engaged: I’ll help you identify what’s not working, teach you skills to cope more effectively, and support you in making real, lasting changes.
(610) 609-2788 View (610) 609-2788
Photo of Jack Wolcott, MSW
Jack Wolcott
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I am dedicated to helping clients achieve balance in their emotional and social well-being, resolve trauma, and create a fulfilling life. I work with both teenagers and adults who struggle with intense emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, such as self-harm and suicidal tendencies, using full-model Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). My specialization includes supporting individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) or those who have not found success with other therapies. Additionally, I assist clients in exploring their identity through an intersectional systems approach, tailored to their unique experiences.
I am dedicated to helping clients achieve balance in their emotional and social well-being, resolve trauma, and create a fulfilling life. I work with both teenagers and adults who struggle with intense emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, such as self-harm and suicidal tendencies, using full-model Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). My specialization includes supporting individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) or those who have not found success with other therapies. Additionally, I assist clients in exploring their identity through an intersectional systems approach, tailored to their unique experiences.
(484) 218-4046 View (484) 218-4046
Photo of Smadar Auerbach-Barber, Psychologist, PhD
Smadar Auerbach-Barber
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Psychotherapy is a powerful process that can alleviate suffering, increase self understanding and lead to greater fulfillment in life. My approach to therapy is compassionate and collaborative. I have over 20 years of experience helping people get relief of symptoms and lead fuller lives. I previously worked at the University of Pennsylvania, where I served a diverse population with a wide range of psychological difficulties. I bring into my current private practice a wealth of clinical experience, a rich and deep understanding of human nature and our innate struggles, and tools to grow and experience more joy in life.
Psychotherapy is a powerful process that can alleviate suffering, increase self understanding and lead to greater fulfillment in life. My approach to therapy is compassionate and collaborative. I have over 20 years of experience helping people get relief of symptoms and lead fuller lives. I previously worked at the University of Pennsylvania, where I served a diverse population with a wide range of psychological difficulties. I bring into my current private practice a wealth of clinical experience, a rich and deep understanding of human nature and our innate struggles, and tools to grow and experience more joy in life.
(516) 501-9715 View (516) 501-9715
Photo of Daniel Simmons, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC
Daniel Simmons
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC
Online Only
Hi, I’m Daniel. I am a licensed mental health therapist working in private practice. Finding a therapist can be daunting – an investment in time, money, and emotional energy. I work with people who experience problems in living. These can be described as anxiety, depression, anger, grief, life transitions, recurring relational patterns, self-doubt, meaninglessness, or the residual impacts of past traumas. I recognize these problems do not exist in isolation but are connected to childhood, family dynamics, relationships, history, culture, and with racial, economic, sexual, and environmental oppression.
Hi, I’m Daniel. I am a licensed mental health therapist working in private practice. Finding a therapist can be daunting – an investment in time, money, and emotional energy. I work with people who experience problems in living. These can be described as anxiety, depression, anger, grief, life transitions, recurring relational patterns, self-doubt, meaninglessness, or the residual impacts of past traumas. I recognize these problems do not exist in isolation but are connected to childhood, family dynamics, relationships, history, culture, and with racial, economic, sexual, and environmental oppression.
(484) 469-9193 View (484) 469-9193
Photo of Hsiu-Hui Chen, Psychologist, PhD
Hsiu-Hui Chen
Psychologist, PhD
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Making the decision to enter therapy can be stressful. Allow me to join and help you. I believe people are born to thrive. However, there are times our emotional suffering (stress, anger, depression, or anxiety) make us feel stuck. Just like the warning signs on the dashboard, our emotions inform us when there are things in life need our attention. It can be things within ourselves (such as, self-confidence or self-expectations) or things happened to us (such as, trauma or loss). My work is to give attention to where it is needed.
Making the decision to enter therapy can be stressful. Allow me to join and help you. I believe people are born to thrive. However, there are times our emotional suffering (stress, anger, depression, or anxiety) make us feel stuck. Just like the warning signs on the dashboard, our emotions inform us when there are things in life need our attention. It can be things within ourselves (such as, self-confidence or self-expectations) or things happened to us (such as, trauma or loss). My work is to give attention to where it is needed.
(484) 725-6818 View (484) 725-6818

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
71% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
60% Stress
58% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth
58% Highmark

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

76% Female
19% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.