Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Michael Spencer, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Michael Spencer
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
I utilize a psychodynamic approach — Using insight-oriented psychotherapy to explore the connection between the client's past experiences and their current mindset. Insight therapy assumes that gaining insight into one's thoughts and feelings can lead to a better understanding of the root causes of emotional difficulties. By identifying and addressing these underlying issues, individuals can develop healthier coping mechanisms and make more informed choices in their lives. With a strong belief in the power of therapy to affect positive change, I aspire to create a safe and inclusive space in which mutual trust is built and fostered.
I utilize a psychodynamic approach — Using insight-oriented psychotherapy to explore the connection between the client's past experiences and their current mindset. Insight therapy assumes that gaining insight into one's thoughts and feelings can lead to a better understanding of the root causes of emotional difficulties. By identifying and addressing these underlying issues, individuals can develop healthier coping mechanisms and make more informed choices in their lives. With a strong belief in the power of therapy to affect positive change, I aspire to create a safe and inclusive space in which mutual trust is built and fostered.
(773) 389-1395 View (773) 389-1395
Photo of Dr. Beatriz Medina, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Dr. Beatriz Medina
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have had the honor and privilege of working with adults who are experiencing challenges with anxiety, depression, postpartum difficulties, parental conflict, life transitions, family dynamics, trauma, abuse, relationship dynamics, and other life challenges. I am eager to help and support you on your journey to becoming the best version of yourself. As a POC who also speaks Spanish I also strive to consider the systems that impact our ability to achieve what we want in life.
I have had the honor and privilege of working with adults who are experiencing challenges with anxiety, depression, postpartum difficulties, parental conflict, life transitions, family dynamics, trauma, abuse, relationship dynamics, and other life challenges. I am eager to help and support you on your journey to becoming the best version of yourself. As a POC who also speaks Spanish I also strive to consider the systems that impact our ability to achieve what we want in life.
(773) 985-8820 View (773) 985-8820
Photo of Jenna Cronin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jenna Cronin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CDMDTP, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
Jenna enjoys working with individuals who have SI, SH, trauma, anxiety, depression, or psychosis. She also likes to work with individuals with personality disorders and interpersonal struggles. Jenna is trained in DBT (dialectical behavior therapy), ACT (acceptance and commitment therapy), CBT (cognitive behavior therapy), RODBT (radically open dialectical behavior therapy), and certified in CPT (cognitive processing therapy), which is an evidenced based intervention used for individuals with PTSD.
Jenna enjoys working with individuals who have SI, SH, trauma, anxiety, depression, or psychosis. She also likes to work with individuals with personality disorders and interpersonal struggles. Jenna is trained in DBT (dialectical behavior therapy), ACT (acceptance and commitment therapy), CBT (cognitive behavior therapy), RODBT (radically open dialectical behavior therapy), and certified in CPT (cognitive processing therapy), which is an evidenced based intervention used for individuals with PTSD.
(872) 253-0954 View (872) 253-0954
Photo of Amy Kallenberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Amy Kallenberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618
Painful past experiences and current life stressors can equally challenge our sense of self and our connections with others. Often without realizing it, we can continue to operate from old patterns long after they have stopped serving us.
Painful past experiences and current life stressors can equally challenge our sense of self and our connections with others. Often without realizing it, we can continue to operate from old patterns long after they have stopped serving us.
(773) 922-6798 View (773) 922-6798
Photo of Stephen A Jackson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Stephen A Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60661
Having issues with anxiety, past traumas, or just not feeling like yourself? Let us work together on a path to heal restoratively. I believe in the power of restorative practices and that each and every one of us has a story and I believe in the power of having our stories heard. I also believe that we all deserve a space where that story can be heard without judgment, fear or trepidation. I want to hear yours and walk beside you as you share your story and work through your journey of healing and restoration. I won't ever perceive to be the expert in your life but I will always be honest, receptive and give you my best.
Having issues with anxiety, past traumas, or just not feeling like yourself? Let us work together on a path to heal restoratively. I believe in the power of restorative practices and that each and every one of us has a story and I believe in the power of having our stories heard. I also believe that we all deserve a space where that story can be heard without judgment, fear or trepidation. I want to hear yours and walk beside you as you share your story and work through your journey of healing and restoration. I won't ever perceive to be the expert in your life but I will always be honest, receptive and give you my best.
(708) 809-3035 View (708) 809-3035
Photo of Sheena Cordova Peace Centered Wholeness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sheena Cordova Peace Centered Wholeness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60617
We live our lives in various relationships which sometimes compound our emotions, isolating us from the people we love.With attentive listening I assist you in taking steps to your healing, harnessing your story for victory.
We live our lives in various relationships which sometimes compound our emotions, isolating us from the people we love.With attentive listening I assist you in taking steps to your healing, harnessing your story for victory.
(872) 259-9621 View (872) 259-9621
Photo of Ashley Samson, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ashley Samson
Counselor, LCPC, ATR
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60660  (Online Only)
Our bodies are not the only parts of ourselves that need a tune up from time to time. The mind is a powerful tool that can benefit from support and encouragement. Whether it's a job change, loss, relational issues, living with physical pain or just day-to-day stress, a supportive ear can mean the difference between just getting through the day and living the life that you long for. I have experience working with many clients especially those with eating disorders, depression and anxiety disorders including OCD. For a quick response, please email instead of calling for questions or to set an appointment.
Our bodies are not the only parts of ourselves that need a tune up from time to time. The mind is a powerful tool that can benefit from support and encouragement. Whether it's a job change, loss, relational issues, living with physical pain or just day-to-day stress, a supportive ear can mean the difference between just getting through the day and living the life that you long for. I have experience working with many clients especially those with eating disorders, depression and anxiety disorders including OCD. For a quick response, please email instead of calling for questions or to set an appointment.
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Photo of Alex Whitman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Alex Whitman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
You deserve an honest and authentic relationship with yourself and those around you. I can help you build greater insight, self-awareness, and a renewed sense of empowerment to navigate life's challenges with confidence and authenticity. I work with adults of all identities and with diverse romantic and emotional relationship structures. I have a passion for working with and affirming folks in the queer community. I help folks looking to address anxiety, burnout, multicultural stressors, sexuality and gender exploration, relationship distress, and those wanting to explore their relationships with themselves and their bodies.
You deserve an honest and authentic relationship with yourself and those around you. I can help you build greater insight, self-awareness, and a renewed sense of empowerment to navigate life's challenges with confidence and authenticity. I work with adults of all identities and with diverse romantic and emotional relationship structures. I have a passion for working with and affirming folks in the queer community. I help folks looking to address anxiety, burnout, multicultural stressors, sexuality and gender exploration, relationship distress, and those wanting to explore their relationships with themselves and their bodies.
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Photo of Julie Raymond, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Julie Raymond
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Navigating through the world can be overwhelming, confusing and challenging. Whether wanting to have a better relationship with yourself, others, getting unstuck or just figuring out your next steps in life, therapy can help you to address underlying issues preventing you from living the life you want. Most people come to therapy knowing what they need to change but rather struggle with knowing where and how to begin. Therapy can help you to have a deeper understanding of yourself, identify where you are getting stuck, improve coping with thoughts and feelings, and take the necessary steps to build the life you want.
Navigating through the world can be overwhelming, confusing and challenging. Whether wanting to have a better relationship with yourself, others, getting unstuck or just figuring out your next steps in life, therapy can help you to address underlying issues preventing you from living the life you want. Most people come to therapy knowing what they need to change but rather struggle with knowing where and how to begin. Therapy can help you to have a deeper understanding of yourself, identify where you are getting stuck, improve coping with thoughts and feelings, and take the necessary steps to build the life you want.
(312) 626-9625 View (312) 626-9625
Photo of Anna Siewers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Anna Siewers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60637
Do life’s challenges feel all-consuming? Or maybe how you've been coping just isn’t working anymore? I get it. Anxiety, depression, trauma, relationships, and transition can feel overwhelming or impossible to navigate. I approach the therapeutic relationship as a fellow human, showing up with warmth, affirmation, and support. I fully believe that YOU are the expert in your own life, and I aim to uplift and celebrate your unique strengths while accounting for the identities and systems that impact your world. We will work in collaboration to establish openness and safety as you build towards greater healing.
Do life’s challenges feel all-consuming? Or maybe how you've been coping just isn’t working anymore? I get it. Anxiety, depression, trauma, relationships, and transition can feel overwhelming or impossible to navigate. I approach the therapeutic relationship as a fellow human, showing up with warmth, affirmation, and support. I fully believe that YOU are the expert in your own life, and I aim to uplift and celebrate your unique strengths while accounting for the identities and systems that impact your world. We will work in collaboration to establish openness and safety as you build towards greater healing.
(872) 204-0399 x236 View (872) 204-0399 x236
Photo of Matthew Lawrence Meier, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Matthew Lawrence Meier
Counselor, LCPC, QIDP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Approaching therapy can be an experience that raises its own anxieties. Growth won’t always be comfortable, but I strive to make the therapeutic relationship genuine and healing. Whether you are seeking counseling for anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship concerns, substance abuse or you just haven't been feeling like yourself lately, I will be here to meet you where you are with a nonjudgmental, humanistic, person-centered approach to the therapeutic relationship that is also solidly grounded in evidence-based treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, EMDR and the Gottman method for couples.
Approaching therapy can be an experience that raises its own anxieties. Growth won’t always be comfortable, but I strive to make the therapeutic relationship genuine and healing. Whether you are seeking counseling for anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship concerns, substance abuse or you just haven't been feeling like yourself lately, I will be here to meet you where you are with a nonjudgmental, humanistic, person-centered approach to the therapeutic relationship that is also solidly grounded in evidence-based treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, EMDR and the Gottman method for couples.
(708) 726-0844 View (708) 726-0844
Photo of Dr. Valentina Marieyah Pacheco-Cornejo, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Valentina Marieyah Pacheco-Cornejo
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP, CMHIMP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60643
Are you tired of arguing with your spouse? How about concerned about your child? Do you think you have ADHD because of recent concerns with inattention, distractibility, stress or impulsivity? If you are sick and tired of being sick and tired, call/email my staff today. We are known for our ability to truly get to the root of the matter. We know how to get through to people, mostly because we understand where they are coming from, and how to identify and capitalize on their strengths. Clients often report improvement in a few short weeks. With therapy and neuropsych testing available, this is a one-stop shop for many of your needs.
Are you tired of arguing with your spouse? How about concerned about your child? Do you think you have ADHD because of recent concerns with inattention, distractibility, stress or impulsivity? If you are sick and tired of being sick and tired, call/email my staff today. We are known for our ability to truly get to the root of the matter. We know how to get through to people, mostly because we understand where they are coming from, and how to identify and capitalize on their strengths. Clients often report improvement in a few short weeks. With therapy and neuropsych testing available, this is a one-stop shop for many of your needs.
(708) 564-3597 View (708) 564-3597
Photo of Howard Gelb LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Howard Gelb LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
I'm here to help and support you in a safe and welcoming environment to achieve the goals that you're seeking and create change in your life. It is my goal to provide a safe, comfortable, and supportive atmosphere in which together we can gain a better understanding of your past and present day difficulties. We'll work together to help you find the best way to live the successful and happy life you deserve. Individual therapy can be beneficial for everybody and can facilitate personal growth.
I'm here to help and support you in a safe and welcoming environment to achieve the goals that you're seeking and create change in your life. It is my goal to provide a safe, comfortable, and supportive atmosphere in which together we can gain a better understanding of your past and present day difficulties. We'll work together to help you find the best way to live the successful and happy life you deserve. Individual therapy can be beneficial for everybody and can facilitate personal growth.
(773) 938-0612 View (773) 938-0612
Photo of Adrienne Dancy, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Adrienne Dancy
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60643
We are flawed. We struggle, overcome, and struggle again - such is the cycle of life. The moments of clarity and purpose are the "sweet spots'' of our life landscape. As your counselor I will help you navigate the areas of your life that become barriers to you realizing your full potential.
We are flawed. We struggle, overcome, and struggle again - such is the cycle of life. The moments of clarity and purpose are the "sweet spots'' of our life landscape. As your counselor I will help you navigate the areas of your life that become barriers to you realizing your full potential.
(773) 923-2831 View (773) 923-2831
Photo of Victoria Bangieva, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Victoria Bangieva
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60611
I am passionate about empowering people to live more meaningful and fulfilling lives. I work with adult clients seeking help for depression, anxiety, relationship issues, stress management, perfectionism, and life transitions. I am specialized in treating issues at the intersection of physical and emotional health, such as insomnia, weight-management, and chronic health issues. Additionally, I work with professionals in demanding careers to address performance, work-life balance, and burnout. I aim to demystify therapeutic skills and enable individuals to continue to benefit from them long after therapy ends.
I am passionate about empowering people to live more meaningful and fulfilling lives. I work with adult clients seeking help for depression, anxiety, relationship issues, stress management, perfectionism, and life transitions. I am specialized in treating issues at the intersection of physical and emotional health, such as insomnia, weight-management, and chronic health issues. Additionally, I work with professionals in demanding careers to address performance, work-life balance, and burnout. I aim to demystify therapeutic skills and enable individuals to continue to benefit from them long after therapy ends.
(872) 201-3275 View (872) 201-3275
Photo of Ashley Wofford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Ashley Wofford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618
Ashley N Wofford, LCSW, is a licensed clinical social worker who works with adults in several different specialty areas, including but not limited to anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, and stress management. She obtained her master's degree in social work from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville and has been practicing for over a decade. While she utilizes an eclectic approach in therapy to tailor treatment to match each client's needs. Therapy styles include but are not limited to solution-focused therapy, EMDR, strengths-based, psychodynamic, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Ashley N Wofford, LCSW, is a licensed clinical social worker who works with adults in several different specialty areas, including but not limited to anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, and stress management. She obtained her master's degree in social work from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville and has been practicing for over a decade. While she utilizes an eclectic approach in therapy to tailor treatment to match each client's needs. Therapy styles include but are not limited to solution-focused therapy, EMDR, strengths-based, psychodynamic, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
(773) 902-0917 View (773) 902-0917
Photo of Brittany Parrinello, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Brittany Parrinello
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with adults healing anxiety, depression and trauma as well as those dealing with issues of adjusting to a new culture or navigating multi-cultural identity. I am trained in EMDR and currently working towards certification.
I specialize in working with adults healing anxiety, depression and trauma as well as those dealing with issues of adjusting to a new culture or navigating multi-cultural identity. I am trained in EMDR and currently working towards certification.
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Photo of Ruri (Nuri) Kim, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ruri (Nuri) Kim
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSW, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My clinical approach is authentic and integrative, resulting in a collaborative treatment plan based on client’s culture and values, the best available clinical research, and clinical expertise for my clients to thrive in their lives. I enjoy working with children, adolescents and adults in individual, family and group settings. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, ADHD, OCD, Executive Functioning (EF) skills, complex trauma/PTSD, bipolar disorder, depression, racial/cultural identities, academic performance, family conflicts, relationship issues, grief, life transitions, stress and other life concerns. I also speak Korean.
My clinical approach is authentic and integrative, resulting in a collaborative treatment plan based on client’s culture and values, the best available clinical research, and clinical expertise for my clients to thrive in their lives. I enjoy working with children, adolescents and adults in individual, family and group settings. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, ADHD, OCD, Executive Functioning (EF) skills, complex trauma/PTSD, bipolar disorder, depression, racial/cultural identities, academic performance, family conflicts, relationship issues, grief, life transitions, stress and other life concerns. I also speak Korean.
(312) 376-4293 View (312) 376-4293
Photo of Joanna (Jo) Nowak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Joanna (Jo) Nowak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
Not accepting new clients
I aspire to create a therapeutic space that is safe and affirming, while forming an authentic and genuine connection to best support you. Whether you are seeking out therapy for self- exploration, change, acceptance, or all of the above, we can work together to find the path that is best suited for you. I will collaborate with you every step of the way, challenge you when appropriate, and meet you with compassion and humor when needed – I’m a big believer in the therapeutic power of laughter!
I aspire to create a therapeutic space that is safe and affirming, while forming an authentic and genuine connection to best support you. Whether you are seeking out therapy for self- exploration, change, acceptance, or all of the above, we can work together to find the path that is best suited for you. I will collaborate with you every step of the way, challenge you when appropriate, and meet you with compassion and humor when needed – I’m a big believer in the therapeutic power of laughter!
(773) 492-8468 View (773) 492-8468
Photo of Justin Sato, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Chicago, IL
Justin Sato
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MBA, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
All of us yearn for a sense of belonging, and it is human to feel lonely due to issues we may be facing in life. Feeling alone can have a detrimental impact not only to our mental/emotional health, but also physical health. I'm here to support you in your mental health journey and working towards a better quality of life. I strive for social justice and am attuned to the impacts and influences of society and culture. I approach therapy from a trauma-informed and harm reduction lens, meaning I’m sensitive to the past experiences that have shaped you into who you are today while working in a collaborative approach.
All of us yearn for a sense of belonging, and it is human to feel lonely due to issues we may be facing in life. Feeling alone can have a detrimental impact not only to our mental/emotional health, but also physical health. I'm here to support you in your mental health journey and working towards a better quality of life. I strive for social justice and am attuned to the impacts and influences of society and culture. I approach therapy from a trauma-informed and harm reduction lens, meaning I’m sensitive to the past experiences that have shaped you into who you are today while working in a collaborative approach.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.