Therapists in Oak Park, IL

Photo of Charlotte Middlebrook, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Charlotte Middlebrook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, IL 60302
Life is not always easy. Sometimes we need help to navigate those hard times. I am compassionate about connecting with others to reduce emotional distress and impact positive healing and growth. It is my intention to provide a warm and accepting therapeutic alliance. I look forward to working with you.
Life is not always easy. Sometimes we need help to navigate those hard times. I am compassionate about connecting with others to reduce emotional distress and impact positive healing and growth. It is my intention to provide a warm and accepting therapeutic alliance. I look forward to working with you.
(708) 934-9615 View (708) 934-9615
Photo of Lauri Dishman, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Lauri Dishman
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Online Only
Hey. Take a deep breath. You’ve got this. Chances are you’re here, because something inside feels off. Maybe your body is experiencing unexpected sensations that seem scary or difficult to understand. Perhaps your thoughts are racing or seem irrational. I know the prospect of “seeing a therapist” can seem scary, and maybe you’re not fully ready yet to collaborate with one. I’m sure you have many questions right now, and I would be more than happy to answer them.
Hey. Take a deep breath. You’ve got this. Chances are you’re here, because something inside feels off. Maybe your body is experiencing unexpected sensations that seem scary or difficult to understand. Perhaps your thoughts are racing or seem irrational. I know the prospect of “seeing a therapist” can seem scary, and maybe you’re not fully ready yet to collaborate with one. I’m sure you have many questions right now, and I would be more than happy to answer them.
(708) 512-7786 View (708) 512-7786
Photo of John Mundt, Psychologist, PhD
John Mundt
Psychologist, PhD
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I'm a seasoned psychotherapist with more than 30 years' experience. I offer a safe and non-judgmental space in which you can freely explore whatever has felt dissatisfying, obsolete, self-defeating or even toxic in your life. Maybe you’re seeking to improve the way you've responded to transitions or traumas, whether recently or many years ago. Maybe you want to figure out how to “jettison” habits, relationships or lifestyles that no longer work for you. Or maybe you want to break free from repeating cycles or patterns that haven’t served you successfully in the past.
I'm a seasoned psychotherapist with more than 30 years' experience. I offer a safe and non-judgmental space in which you can freely explore whatever has felt dissatisfying, obsolete, self-defeating or even toxic in your life. Maybe you’re seeking to improve the way you've responded to transitions or traumas, whether recently or many years ago. Maybe you want to figure out how to “jettison” habits, relationships or lifestyles that no longer work for you. Or maybe you want to break free from repeating cycles or patterns that haven’t served you successfully in the past.
(708) 294-7660 View (708) 294-7660
Photo of Carolyn Potts, Pre-Licensed Professional
Carolyn Potts
Pre-Licensed Professional
Oak Park, IL 60304
I believe in the healing power of a warm and caring therapeutic relationship, and I am honored to be a companion to you as you navigate your path to achieving the life you want to live. I bring an authentic, compassionate, trauma-informed, and client-centered approach to my work with adults, adolescents, and couples struggling with relationship issues, trauma, anxiety, depression, life transitions, and step-family dynamics.
I believe in the healing power of a warm and caring therapeutic relationship, and I am honored to be a companion to you as you navigate your path to achieving the life you want to live. I bring an authentic, compassionate, trauma-informed, and client-centered approach to my work with adults, adolescents, and couples struggling with relationship issues, trauma, anxiety, depression, life transitions, and step-family dynamics.
(708) 627-9256 View (708) 627-9256
Photo of Kenisha Adams, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC
Kenisha Adams
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, IL 60301
I specialize in working with children, teen and young adults with Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and has knowledge working with clients who experience trauma, have been impacted by an active DCFS case, and survivors of domestic violence. I work with clients who experience anxiety, depression, physical/sexual/emotional/financial abuse, self-harm, suicidal ideation, family separations and dynamics, and post-traumatic stress disorder. I want to to meet clients where they are at in their journey and work alongside them to achieve their goals. Your mental health matters!
I specialize in working with children, teen and young adults with Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and has knowledge working with clients who experience trauma, have been impacted by an active DCFS case, and survivors of domestic violence. I work with clients who experience anxiety, depression, physical/sexual/emotional/financial abuse, self-harm, suicidal ideation, family separations and dynamics, and post-traumatic stress disorder. I want to to meet clients where they are at in their journey and work alongside them to achieve their goals. Your mental health matters!
(708) 866-1695 View (708) 866-1695
Photo of Amanda Zoloto, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Amanda Zoloto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, IL 60302
I value working with adults of all ages and backgrounds. Whether you are new to therapy or have been diving deep for years, we will explore at your pace. I strive to be a gentle, grounding presence, offering strengths-based insight in a consistent and nourishing space so you can stretch and grow. My trauma-informed clinical lens is informed by the heavy impact of the systems at play in our lives. Racism, white supremacy, colonization, capitalism, patriarchy, anti-queerness, anti-fatness and ableism must be acknowledged as complex and enduring influences on our institutions and on our individual and collective healing.
I value working with adults of all ages and backgrounds. Whether you are new to therapy or have been diving deep for years, we will explore at your pace. I strive to be a gentle, grounding presence, offering strengths-based insight in a consistent and nourishing space so you can stretch and grow. My trauma-informed clinical lens is informed by the heavy impact of the systems at play in our lives. Racism, white supremacy, colonization, capitalism, patriarchy, anti-queerness, anti-fatness and ableism must be acknowledged as complex and enduring influences on our institutions and on our individual and collective healing.
(708) 261-0491 View (708) 261-0491
Photo of Naseem T. Saleh, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC
Naseem T. Saleh
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC
Online Only
I am a queer liberation focused Palestinian psychotherapist passionate about supporting first- and second-generation Arabs, BIPOC, queer and non-binary individuals, and those navigating multicultural relationships and systems. Living in the U.S. as an Arab brings unique challenges, particularly balancing family and Western cultural differences. I also provide relationship therapy, recognizing the deep connection between life satisfaction and relationships. I am a culturally sensitive, sex positive, polyamory and kink affirming practitioner.
I am a queer liberation focused Palestinian psychotherapist passionate about supporting first- and second-generation Arabs, BIPOC, queer and non-binary individuals, and those navigating multicultural relationships and systems. Living in the U.S. as an Arab brings unique challenges, particularly balancing family and Western cultural differences. I also provide relationship therapy, recognizing the deep connection between life satisfaction and relationships. I am a culturally sensitive, sex positive, polyamory and kink affirming practitioner.
(708) 578-5287 View (708) 578-5287
Photo of Payton Chalmers, Counselor, LCPC
Payton Chalmers
Counselor, LCPC
Oak Park, IL 60301
I am a licensed professional counselor (LPC) who works with children, adolescents, adults, and families. I specialize in treating eating disorders, trauma, PTSD, suicidal ideation, self-harm, personality disorders, anxiety, depression, and interpersonal relationship challenges. I am trained in DBT, ACT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, and Family Based Therapy. In my work with clients I use a person centered and insight-oriented approach to therapy, helping clients understand their past experiences and relationships, and the influence they have in the present.
I am a licensed professional counselor (LPC) who works with children, adolescents, adults, and families. I specialize in treating eating disorders, trauma, PTSD, suicidal ideation, self-harm, personality disorders, anxiety, depression, and interpersonal relationship challenges. I am trained in DBT, ACT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, and Family Based Therapy. In my work with clients I use a person centered and insight-oriented approach to therapy, helping clients understand their past experiences and relationships, and the influence they have in the present.
(708) 734-2474 View (708) 734-2474
Photo of Dr. Katie Hejna, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Katie Hejna
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, IL 60301
Is your child or teen struggling with anxiety, depression, parental divorce, making friends, or challenges that come with an Autism Spectrum Disorder? Are you a young adult experiencing a life transition, relationship difficulties or grief and loss? If so, psychotherapy can help. My goal is not to provide strategies that simply lead to short term relief, but to work with you or your child to reduce symptoms quickly, while creating long-lasting change- a process that I believe only occurs in the context of a safe and trusting relationship.
Is your child or teen struggling with anxiety, depression, parental divorce, making friends, or challenges that come with an Autism Spectrum Disorder? Are you a young adult experiencing a life transition, relationship difficulties or grief and loss? If so, psychotherapy can help. My goal is not to provide strategies that simply lead to short term relief, but to work with you or your child to reduce symptoms quickly, while creating long-lasting change- a process that I believe only occurs in the context of a safe and trusting relationship.
(312) 663-8317 View (312) 663-8317
Photo of Steve Spaccarelli, Psychologist, PhD
Steve Spaccarelli
Psychologist, PhD
Oak Park, IL 60302
I believe that times of crisis can also be times of transition and development. As a therapist, I strive to help clients put family and individual crises in the proper perspective, so they can begin to mobilize their own resources for change. Acceptance and insight into oneself and one's situation are powerful tools that therapy can enhance, both for adults and children of all ages. I have years of therapy experience helping clients cope with painful and difficult situations, including addiction/compulsions, damaged relationships, bereavement/loss, and abuse. The first session can be a powerful and positive step.
I believe that times of crisis can also be times of transition and development. As a therapist, I strive to help clients put family and individual crises in the proper perspective, so they can begin to mobilize their own resources for change. Acceptance and insight into oneself and one's situation are powerful tools that therapy can enhance, both for adults and children of all ages. I have years of therapy experience helping clients cope with painful and difficult situations, including addiction/compulsions, damaged relationships, bereavement/loss, and abuse. The first session can be a powerful and positive step.
(708) 402-8984 View (708) 402-8984
Photo of Leah Casey, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Leah Casey
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Online Only
I’m an art therapist and counselor who enjoys working with individuals of all ages, helping them improve their lives by managing anxiety and depression, enhancing self-esteem and body image, and navigating life and relationship changes. My approach is holistic, focusing on the connection between mind, body, and spirit. I use art as therapy within a framework that integrates psychodynamic, solutions-based, and unconditionally supportive methods. I believe it’s essential for us to work together comfortably as we explore your life story, even when it gets challenging.
I’m an art therapist and counselor who enjoys working with individuals of all ages, helping them improve their lives by managing anxiety and depression, enhancing self-esteem and body image, and navigating life and relationship changes. My approach is holistic, focusing on the connection between mind, body, and spirit. I use art as therapy within a framework that integrates psychodynamic, solutions-based, and unconditionally supportive methods. I believe it’s essential for us to work together comfortably as we explore your life story, even when it gets challenging.
(312) 870-0120 View (312) 870-0120
Photo of Theresa Wier - Theresa Wier, Psy.D., Psychologist, PsyD, LPC
Theresa Wier, Psy.D.
Psychologist, PsyD, LPC
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, IL 60301
Hello. You are probably reading this as a result of an issue that has been on your mind and are hoping to find some peace or come to a resolution. I am a licensed clinical psychologist with a personable, down-to-earth approach willing to partner with you through your current struggle. I support a safe, non-judgmental therapeutic environment to discuss the thoughts and feelings that may be troubling for you. I have helped individuals, couples, and families with a vast array of mental health issues using a psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, or a family systems approach.
Hello. You are probably reading this as a result of an issue that has been on your mind and are hoping to find some peace or come to a resolution. I am a licensed clinical psychologist with a personable, down-to-earth approach willing to partner with you through your current struggle. I support a safe, non-judgmental therapeutic environment to discuss the thoughts and feelings that may be troubling for you. I have helped individuals, couples, and families with a vast array of mental health issues using a psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, or a family systems approach.
(708) 669-0746 View (708) 669-0746
Photo of Charnell Montgomery, Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD, MA
Charnell Montgomery
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD, MA
Oak Park, IL 60301
I provide a collaborative therapeutic environment that reflects a direct, empathic, and compassionate approach. My goal is to provide a safe space that will allow my clients to process past and current challenges without judgment. I am passionate about helping my clients develop a toolbox of useful coping skills and resources. My experience is working with young adult and adults life transitions, grief and loss, trauma, mood disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder), psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder), family conflict/interpersonal relationships, and low self-esteem.
I provide a collaborative therapeutic environment that reflects a direct, empathic, and compassionate approach. My goal is to provide a safe space that will allow my clients to process past and current challenges without judgment. I am passionate about helping my clients develop a toolbox of useful coping skills and resources. My experience is working with young adult and adults life transitions, grief and loss, trauma, mood disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder), psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder), family conflict/interpersonal relationships, and low self-esteem.
(708) 578-2787 View (708) 578-2787
Photo of Rosina Salerno, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCPC
Rosina Salerno
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling lost, anxious, or overwhelmed? Struggling with past trauma or challenging life experiences? When life feels heavy, it can be hard to find peace and happiness—but you don’t have to navigate it alone. You deserve to feel empowered, content, and supported. My goal is to help you develop lasting, effective strategies for managing difficult emotions, healing from trauma, improving communication, and building resilience. Together, we can work toward a life where you feel strong, capable, and at peace with yourself.
Are you feeling lost, anxious, or overwhelmed? Struggling with past trauma or challenging life experiences? When life feels heavy, it can be hard to find peace and happiness—but you don’t have to navigate it alone. You deserve to feel empowered, content, and supported. My goal is to help you develop lasting, effective strategies for managing difficult emotions, healing from trauma, improving communication, and building resilience. Together, we can work toward a life where you feel strong, capable, and at peace with yourself.
(708) 847-9259 x1 View (708) 847-9259 x1
Photo of Brittany Adams Yee, Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Brittany Adams Yee
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Oak Park, IL 60302
LifeSpan Counseling & Psychological Services offers services to children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. In therapy, I tend to take a collaborative, egalitarian approach to treatment. I am open and nonjudgmental, and I take special time to tailor treatment approaches to fit each individual therapeutic relationship. I practice from a predominately existential-phenomenological framework where individual needs, meaning-making, and pursuit of happiness are emphasized. I also incorporate elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and attachment theory as needed.
LifeSpan Counseling & Psychological Services offers services to children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. In therapy, I tend to take a collaborative, egalitarian approach to treatment. I am open and nonjudgmental, and I take special time to tailor treatment approaches to fit each individual therapeutic relationship. I practice from a predominately existential-phenomenological framework where individual needs, meaning-making, and pursuit of happiness are emphasized. I also incorporate elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and attachment theory as needed.
(708) 725-0434 View (708) 725-0434
Photo of Rebecca Deurance, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Rebecca Deurance
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Online Only
As a therapist, it is my passion to help women find the healing and change they desire. In a warm and non-judgmental space, we will work together to help you become your most authentic self, so that you can lead a more enriched, fulfilled life. I will work with you to build upon already present inner strength so that you can achieve the change, healing, and growth you desire.
As a therapist, it is my passion to help women find the healing and change they desire. In a warm and non-judgmental space, we will work together to help you become your most authentic self, so that you can lead a more enriched, fulfilled life. I will work with you to build upon already present inner strength so that you can achieve the change, healing, and growth you desire.
(708) 726-0162 View (708) 726-0162
Photo of Noami Hernandez, Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Noami Hernandez
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Oak Park, IL 60301
My experience allows me to assist individuals with identifying challenging areas in their life and developing strategies and methodologies to adequately and timely address maladaptive behaviors and fears that are barriers to their mental health status and healthy growth and development. I approach therapy through a humanistic, strength-based, trauma-sensitive lens. With compassion, and humor, I have counseled individuals through a variety of life’s challenges, including but not limited to; grief, domestic violence/abuse, family trauma, sexual abuse, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and severe mental illness.
My experience allows me to assist individuals with identifying challenging areas in their life and developing strategies and methodologies to adequately and timely address maladaptive behaviors and fears that are barriers to their mental health status and healthy growth and development. I approach therapy through a humanistic, strength-based, trauma-sensitive lens. With compassion, and humor, I have counseled individuals through a variety of life’s challenges, including but not limited to; grief, domestic violence/abuse, family trauma, sexual abuse, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and severe mental illness.
(708) 726-0913 View (708) 726-0913
Photo of Sofía Rosales Juárez, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Sofía Rosales Juárez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Oak Park, IL 60301
Are you someone who is seeking a deeper connection with yourself? Are you grappling with the challenges of self-acceptance, emotional regulation, or the effects of trauma? Have you lived through an experience that has left an impact on you that you wish you could change? If your goals include finding inner peace, emotional resilience, and a sense of belonging, I believe we could be a good fit. No matter your past, it is possible to build a healthier relationship with yourself and develop emotional coping skills that help you be the version of yourself that you want to be!
Are you someone who is seeking a deeper connection with yourself? Are you grappling with the challenges of self-acceptance, emotional regulation, or the effects of trauma? Have you lived through an experience that has left an impact on you that you wish you could change? If your goals include finding inner peace, emotional resilience, and a sense of belonging, I believe we could be a good fit. No matter your past, it is possible to build a healthier relationship with yourself and develop emotional coping skills that help you be the version of yourself that you want to be!
(708) 576-4420 View (708) 576-4420
Photo of Kesha Geans - Finding Balance Therapy and Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Finding Balance Therapy and Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
It’s ok to not be ok. And when you’re not ok, it’s ok to reach out for help. Though life can often get us down, it is possible to rise above your circumstances, take control, and fight back. I believe that insight is a powerful tool in creating change within. As a therapist, I can help you better understand the connections between your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. With this new insight, you can identify problematic ones and challenge, replace, or reframe them. The path to change starts with identifying your underlying needs and finding more effective ways to fulfill them.
It’s ok to not be ok. And when you’re not ok, it’s ok to reach out for help. Though life can often get us down, it is possible to rise above your circumstances, take control, and fight back. I believe that insight is a powerful tool in creating change within. As a therapist, I can help you better understand the connections between your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. With this new insight, you can identify problematic ones and challenge, replace, or reframe them. The path to change starts with identifying your underlying needs and finding more effective ways to fulfill them.
(773) 365-9119 View (773) 365-9119
Photo of Shelly Gasper, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LCPC
Shelly Gasper
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Oak Park, IL 60301
Challenges in life are unavoidable, but I believe that with the right therapist in the right environment, people can move in a positive direction. My philosophy is to empower my clients and help them discover the tools they need to move them forward in a productive, beneficial way.
Challenges in life are unavoidable, but I believe that with the right therapist in the right environment, people can move in a positive direction. My philosophy is to empower my clients and help them discover the tools they need to move them forward in a productive, beneficial way.
(773) 661-4680 View (773) 661-4680
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oak Park, IL

600+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Oak Park, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief
65% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Aetna
50% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Oak Park, IL see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oak Park?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.