Psychiatrists in Chicago, IL

Emmanuel Annang
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, Pmhnp-
Online Only
I am a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) with over five years of experience providing compassionate, evidence-based care to adults ages 18 through 68 and older. I specialize in the assessment and treatment of conditions including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. My approach is patient-centered and collaborative, combining medication management with supportive therapy. I strive to create a respectful, culturally sensitive environment where you feel heard, empowered, and supported in your journey toward improved mental wellness.
I am a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) with over five years of experience providing compassionate, evidence-based care to adults ages 18 through 68 and older. I specialize in the assessment and treatment of conditions including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. My approach is patient-centered and collaborative, combining medication management with supportive therapy. I strive to create a respectful, culturally sensitive environment where you feel heard, empowered, and supported in your journey toward improved mental wellness.
(872) 316-8130 View (872) 316-8130
Dr. Olubusola Olatunji
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, APRN
Online Only
As a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, Olubusola Olatunji DNP, brings over 20 years of healthcare experience, including a decade in women’s health to every patient encounter. My broad clinical background allows me to understand not only the complexities of psychiatric conditions but also the personal and medical factors that shape each individual’s mental health journey.
As a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, Olubusola Olatunji DNP, brings over 20 years of healthcare experience, including a decade in women’s health to every patient encounter. My broad clinical background allows me to understand not only the complexities of psychiatric conditions but also the personal and medical factors that shape each individual’s mental health journey.
(773) 302-1729 View (773) 302-1729
Annabel Punsalan
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Chicago, IL 60642
Annabel Punsalan is a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner in Illinois who has been practicing since 2018. Annabel is very compassionate, caring, understanding, non-judgmental, detail oriented, and a well-rounded provider. Her goal is to provide the highest quality of care for every patient encounter. Outside of work, Annabel enjoys spending time with family and friends, reading, watching, traveling, and eating out. She is passionate about people who need attention and support in their mental health.
Annabel Punsalan is a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner in Illinois who has been practicing since 2018. Annabel is very compassionate, caring, understanding, non-judgmental, detail oriented, and a well-rounded provider. Her goal is to provide the highest quality of care for every patient encounter. Outside of work, Annabel enjoys spending time with family and friends, reading, watching, traveling, and eating out. She is passionate about people who need attention and support in their mental health.
(708) 809-2623 View (708) 809-2623
Miriam Haxton
Psychiatrist, MD
Chicago, IL 60607
Not accepting new clients
I’m a board certified psychiatrist who works with adults experiencing a wide range of mental health concerns, including difficulties with mood, anxiety, and relationships. I earned my medical degree from the University of Rochester School of Medicine and completed my psychiatry residency at the University of Chicago.
I’m a board certified psychiatrist who works with adults experiencing a wide range of mental health concerns, including difficulties with mood, anxiety, and relationships. I earned my medical degree from the University of Rochester School of Medicine and completed my psychiatry residency at the University of Chicago.
Babatunde Ogundipe
Psychiatrist, MD, MPH, FAPA
Chicago, IL 60607
I’m a Psychiatrist with over four years of experience supporting adolescents, adults, and older adults (ages 13 and up) through both in-person and virtual care. I treat a wide range of mental health concerns, including ADHD, mood disorders, PTSD, psychosis, and sleep issues.
I’m a Psychiatrist with over four years of experience supporting adolescents, adults, and older adults (ages 13 and up) through both in-person and virtual care. I treat a wide range of mental health concerns, including ADHD, mood disorders, PTSD, psychosis, and sleep issues.
(312) 300-2084 View (312) 300-2084
Michaeline Steves
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Hi, I’m Michaeline Steves! I am a Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) with well over a decade of experience in healthcare. Over the years, I've gained a deep understanding of the challenges individuals face in balancing work, family, and self-care. I not only specialize in medication management, but I can also tailor a holistic treatment plan.
Hi, I’m Michaeline Steves! I am a Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) with well over a decade of experience in healthcare. Over the years, I've gained a deep understanding of the challenges individuals face in balancing work, family, and self-care. I not only specialize in medication management, but I can also tailor a holistic treatment plan.
(430) 237-2513 View (430) 237-2513
Robert Lloyd
Psychiatrist, MD, PhD
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
Waitlist for new clients
My expertise is in treating mood, trauma, anxiety, and attention-related disorders. I take an integrative approach in considering the brain-body connection to treat mental illness, while identifying physical, emotional, and cognitive factors that impact treatment. My background is at the interface of medicine and psychiatry and I support a collaborative, multi-modal approach to helping patients achieve functional improvement and recovery. I utilize internal family systems often in my sessions. Dr. Lloyd is out from August 3-17 and will not return calls or messages until after the 17th.
My expertise is in treating mood, trauma, anxiety, and attention-related disorders. I take an integrative approach in considering the brain-body connection to treat mental illness, while identifying physical, emotional, and cognitive factors that impact treatment. My background is at the interface of medicine and psychiatry and I support a collaborative, multi-modal approach to helping patients achieve functional improvement and recovery. I utilize internal family systems often in my sessions. Dr. Lloyd is out from August 3-17 and will not return calls or messages until after the 17th.
(312) 820-9475 View (312) 820-9475
Yuliya Ihlitskaya
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607
As a psychiatric nurse practitioner, I bring a holistic approach to mental health care. My expertise lies in conducting thorough assessments, diagnosing mental health conditions, and developing personalized treatment plans. I offer evidence-based interventions, medication management, and psychotherapeutic support tailored to each individual's needs. Additionally, my commitment extends to education, ensuring clients and their families are well-informed about their conditions and treatment options. By fostering a compassionate and collaborative therapeutic relationship, I aim to empower individuals on their path to mental well-being.
As a psychiatric nurse practitioner, I bring a holistic approach to mental health care. My expertise lies in conducting thorough assessments, diagnosing mental health conditions, and developing personalized treatment plans. I offer evidence-based interventions, medication management, and psychotherapeutic support tailored to each individual's needs. Additionally, my commitment extends to education, ensuring clients and their families are well-informed about their conditions and treatment options. By fostering a compassionate and collaborative therapeutic relationship, I aim to empower individuals on their path to mental well-being.
(708) 694-9573 View (708) 694-9573
Infinite Wellness Healthcare, PLLC (Illinois)
Psychiatrist, MD, DABPN
Online Only
This is a medication based, traditional, small psychiatric practice. I see children and adults, NP sees adults and late teens.
This is a medication based, traditional, small psychiatric practice. I see children and adults, NP sees adults and late teens.
(872) 282-5736 View (872) 282-5736
PrescribHER Medication Management
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, PMHNP, CNM
Chicago, IL 60606
You may be navigating anxiety, depression, intrusive thoughts, or mood changes during pregnancy, postpartum, or fertility journeys. Maybe you’ve been holding it together on the outside, but inside it feels like too much. You’re not alone—and you don’t have to keep pushing through. Our team specializes in perinatal medication management, offering thoughtful, collaborative care grounded in the most up-to-date research. We support you always prioritizing both your mental health and your safety. Clients want a provider who understands the nuance and complexity of this stage of life. Our care is compassionate, safe and grounded in trust.
You may be navigating anxiety, depression, intrusive thoughts, or mood changes during pregnancy, postpartum, or fertility journeys. Maybe you’ve been holding it together on the outside, but inside it feels like too much. You’re not alone—and you don’t have to keep pushing through. Our team specializes in perinatal medication management, offering thoughtful, collaborative care grounded in the most up-to-date research. We support you always prioritizing both your mental health and your safety. Clients want a provider who understands the nuance and complexity of this stage of life. Our care is compassionate, safe and grounded in trust.
(872) 278-1912 View (872) 278-1912
Eric Tiede
Psychiatrist, MD
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60611
I have extensive experience helping patients with concerns ranging from depression, anxiety, ADHD, insomnia, PTSD, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, among others. I've had the privilege of working with diverse populations, and have valuable experience in both clinical and research settings. I strive to create a safe and supportive environment where patients feel heard, understood, and empowered. Utilizing evidence-based treatments including medication management, psychotherapy, and behavioral interventions, I tailor each treatment plan to meet the unique needs and goals of every individual.
I have extensive experience helping patients with concerns ranging from depression, anxiety, ADHD, insomnia, PTSD, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, among others. I've had the privilege of working with diverse populations, and have valuable experience in both clinical and research settings. I strive to create a safe and supportive environment where patients feel heard, understood, and empowered. Utilizing evidence-based treatments including medication management, psychotherapy, and behavioral interventions, I tailor each treatment plan to meet the unique needs and goals of every individual.
(312) 569-9082 View (312) 569-9082
Gia Short
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Welcome! I'm Gia Short, founder of MindSculpt Psychiatry and a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. I work with adults experiencing ADHD, anxiety, depression, psychiatric medication-related weight gain, and binge-eating concerns. Many come to me feeling overwhelmed, burned out, or uncertain about their next step. My goal is to provide a welcoming, judgment-free space where you feel heard, understood, and supported as we work together toward meaningful, lasting change.
Welcome! I'm Gia Short, founder of MindSculpt Psychiatry and a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. I work with adults experiencing ADHD, anxiety, depression, psychiatric medication-related weight gain, and binge-eating concerns. Many come to me feeling overwhelmed, burned out, or uncertain about their next step. My goal is to provide a welcoming, judgment-free space where you feel heard, understood, and supported as we work together toward meaningful, lasting change.
(312) 728-8546 View (312) 728-8546
Timothy Kaatman
Psychiatrist, MD
Chicago, IL 60601
I became interested in Psychiatry early on while studying psychology in college. From my early experiences in medical training, it became clear to me that I had a natural ability to listen and provide empathetic care for my patients. Providing education and counseling regarding psychiatric treatment is an important aspect of the field which I strive to accomplish in every visit. Throughout my training I have been consistently told that my unique ability to make a patient comfortable and heard is one of my greatest strengths.
I became interested in Psychiatry early on while studying psychology in college. From my early experiences in medical training, it became clear to me that I had a natural ability to listen and provide empathetic care for my patients. Providing education and counseling regarding psychiatric treatment is an important aspect of the field which I strive to accomplish in every visit. Throughout my training I have been consistently told that my unique ability to make a patient comfortable and heard is one of my greatest strengths.
(312) 604-5291 View (312) 604-5291
Aayu Clinics
Psychiatrist
Chicago, IL 60657
We are a primary care group that cares for individuals with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, B.E.D., and other diagnoses. We primarily work with our patients to identify and diagnose the condition followed by the appropriate medication management. We believe in a holistic approach - combining lifestyle, exercise, mindfulness, psychotherapy and when needed, medications. Every person is unique and the key is in personalizing the right medication and the right dose. We use gene-drug information to guide the correct medication choice for the individual, instead of trying different medications to find the right one.
We are a primary care group that cares for individuals with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, B.E.D., and other diagnoses. We primarily work with our patients to identify and diagnose the condition followed by the appropriate medication management. We believe in a holistic approach - combining lifestyle, exercise, mindfulness, psychotherapy and when needed, medications. Every person is unique and the key is in personalizing the right medication and the right dose. We use gene-drug information to guide the correct medication choice for the individual, instead of trying different medications to find the right one.
(773) 922-4243 View (773) 922-4243
Megan Becker
Physician Assistant, PA-C, CAQ-PSY
Chicago, IL 60607
I provide medication management and Spravato (esketamine) therapy, an innovative treatment for adults with treatment-resistant depression. My ideal patient seeks compassionate care for ADHD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, trauma, or personality disorders. They want a supportive, non-judgmental environment where their unique needs are addressed through personalized treatment plans, aiming for mental well-being and resilience. I am a certified Physician Assistant with experience working across diverse populations, offering a collaborative approach to care.
I provide medication management and Spravato (esketamine) therapy, an innovative treatment for adults with treatment-resistant depression. My ideal patient seeks compassionate care for ADHD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, trauma, or personality disorders. They want a supportive, non-judgmental environment where their unique needs are addressed through personalized treatment plans, aiming for mental well-being and resilience. I am a certified Physician Assistant with experience working across diverse populations, offering a collaborative approach to care.
(708) 847-4767 View (708) 847-4767
Anna Hereth
Physician Assistant, PA-C, CAQ
Chicago, IL 60657
With more than 12 years dedicated to the mental health field, my expertise lies in assisting clients seeking a psychiatric provider committed to attentive listening, advocating for their needs, and developing a patient-centered treatment plan customized to address their unique concerns and treatment objectives. I specialize in connecting with individuals who have faced trauma, and are experiencing anxiety, depression, and mood disorders, providing genuine attention to their concerns and prioritizing their goals.
With more than 12 years dedicated to the mental health field, my expertise lies in assisting clients seeking a psychiatric provider committed to attentive listening, advocating for their needs, and developing a patient-centered treatment plan customized to address their unique concerns and treatment objectives. I specialize in connecting with individuals who have faced trauma, and are experiencing anxiety, depression, and mood disorders, providing genuine attention to their concerns and prioritizing their goals.
(872) 259-5324 View (872) 259-5324
Kiran Maharaja
Psychiatrist, MD
Chicago, IL 60611
I am a friendly and insightful psychiatrist who provides compassionate, empathetic care that is tailored to your concerns. I am trained in the use of both psychotherapy and medication management to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders. I have developed expertise in anxiety, trauma, personality disorders and mood disorders including depression and bipolar disorder.
I am a friendly and insightful psychiatrist who provides compassionate, empathetic care that is tailored to your concerns. I am trained in the use of both psychotherapy and medication management to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders. I have developed expertise in anxiety, trauma, personality disorders and mood disorders including depression and bipolar disorder.
(312) 548-8970 View (312) 548-8970
Dr. Alexander Brenner
Psychiatrist, MD
Chicago, IL 60642
Alexander Brenner, MD, provides compassionate, evidence-based psychiatric care for adults and seniors across Illinois through LifeStance Health. He partners with patients to clarify diagnoses, stabilize symptoms, and create practical treatment plans that support long-term mental wellness. Serving individuals throughout IL, Dr. Brenner offers comprehensive medication management and substance abuse medication management tailored to each person’s goals, health history, and daily life. Dr. Brenner specializes in the treatment of ADHD, mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder, and alcohol and drug use issues.
Alexander Brenner, MD, provides compassionate, evidence-based psychiatric care for adults and seniors across Illinois through LifeStance Health. He partners with patients to clarify diagnoses, stabilize symptoms, and create practical treatment plans that support long-term mental wellness. Serving individuals throughout IL, Dr. Brenner offers comprehensive medication management and substance abuse medication management tailored to each person’s goals, health history, and daily life. Dr. Brenner specializes in the treatment of ADHD, mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder, and alcohol and drug use issues.
(708) 866-1320 View (708) 866-1320
Chinenye Onakorame
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Chinenye Onakorame is a top provider with Blossom Health - a premier team of psychiatry providers, all licensed and board-certified.
Chinenye Onakorame is a top provider with Blossom Health - a premier team of psychiatry providers, all licensed and board-certified.
(332) 275-7715 View (332) 275-7715
Hopemark Health - Millennium Park
Psychiatrist, MD
Chicago, IL 60603
If you are struggling with your mental health, Hopemark Health (formerly Advanced Psych Solutions) can help. Our psychiatric clinics are committed to providing cutting-edge treatments for mental health challenges that have not responded to traditional approaches. We specialize in innovative treatments that have shown promise in clinical research, such as ketamine-assisted therapy, deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS), EMDR, psychotherapy, esketamine (nasal spray), and more. We can also carry out genetic testing to help determine the appropriate fit for prescribed medications.
If you are struggling with your mental health, Hopemark Health (formerly Advanced Psych Solutions) can help. Our psychiatric clinics are committed to providing cutting-edge treatments for mental health challenges that have not responded to traditional approaches. We specialize in innovative treatments that have shown promise in clinical research, such as ketamine-assisted therapy, deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS), EMDR, psychotherapy, esketamine (nasal spray), and more. We can also carry out genetic testing to help determine the appropriate fit for prescribed medications.
(630) 556-8403 View (630) 556-8403

See more therapy options for Chicago

How does your Psychiatrist compare?

Number of Psychiatrists in Chicago, IL

600+

Average cost per session

$182

Psychiatrists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
93% Depression
78% Bipolar Disorder
75% ADHD
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Medication Management
67% Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
90% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% Cigna and Evernorth

How Psychiatrists in Chicago, IL see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
28% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Nurses

How can I find a psychiatrist in Chicago?

The Psychology Today Directory enables users to search specifically for psychiatrists by selecting the provider type from the drop-down menu, and filtering results by city, zip code, or the psychiatrist's name. The search results feature detailed profiles that outline each professional's treatment approach, areas of expertise, credentials, fees, payment options, and accepted insurance. Results include both psychiatrists (MDs) and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), who hold advanced practice nursing degrees. Users can refine their search for a specific type of psychiatric provider using the "Provider Type" filter.

What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

Psychiatrists are medical specialists dedicated to understanding, diagnosing, and treating brain disorders and mental health conditions. As physicians, they are trained to identify the often subtle biological factors underlying mental disorders and to monitor how mental health treatments may impact other physical conditions, such as heart disease. Psychiatrists are licensed to prescribe medication and typically conduct shorter sessions that focus on medication management rather than intensive psychotherapy.

In contrast, psychologists are particularly attuned to the impact of early experiences on development, behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes. They often take a holistic approach to assessing and treating clients, considering aspects of personality and social functioning. Although psychologists cannot prescribe medication, they are frequently skilled in administering psychological tests—such as IQ tests, personality assessments, and behavioral evaluations—to assess an individual's functioning. Psychologists often engage in longer, more psychotherapy-focused sessions compared to psychiatrists.

What is a psychiatric nurse practitioner and what is the difference with a psychiatrist?

A psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP), also known as a mental health nurse practitioner or psychiatric nurse practitioner, is an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) who has completed advanced training in psychiatric care, earning at least a master’s degree in psychiatric nursing. To become Board-Certified (PMHNP-BC), psychiatric nurse practitioners must also pass a national exam that tests their clinical psychiatric knowledge.

Like psychiatrists, PMHNPs are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health conditions. However, PMHNPs and psychiatrists differ in their training experience. While PMHNPs can complete their credentialing requirements (full bachelor's and master's degree training) in as few as 6 years, psychiatrists often spend upwards of 12 years to complete their bachelor's, medical doctorate degree, and residency training requirements. Because of training differences, some states require PMHNPs to be supervised by or enter into a collaborative agreement with a physician in order to prescribe medication.

When deciding to work with a psychiatrist or PMHNP, clients should consider factors such therapeutic fit, cost, and availability. Psychiatrists may have more substantial training in treating more severe psychiatric conditions, as well as in providing more specialized treatment services, such as child psychiatry. However, psychiatrists may be inaccessible to some clients, as their cost and availability may be prohibitive. It can often be easier for clients to find a PMHNP with openings for new clients when compared to psychiatrists, and PMHNPs may also offer lower cost treatment options for clients looking to minimize out-of-pocket costs.

Can a psychiatrist or a PMHNP prescribe medication?

The Psychology Today directory features two primary types of psychiatric professionals: psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs). Both are generally authorized to prescribe psychiatric medications. In 28 states, PMHNPs have full practice authority, allowing them to provide the complete spectrum of psychiatric care, including independent medication prescribing and management. In other states, however, PMHNPs are required to work under the supervision or in collaboration with a physician to prescribe medication. Both psychiatrists and PMHNPs may also offer additional services, such as psychotherapy, counseling, and care coordination, for clients seeking psychiatric care.

Do psychiatrists or PMHNPs offer therapy?

Both psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) are generally trained in a number of treatment modalities, including traditional psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), pharmacotherapy, and, occasionally, various somatic therapies. Typically, psychiatrists and PMHNPs make a diagnosis and determine a course of treatment based on chemical or biological factors, using lab tests, brain scans and physical and psychological evaluations.

While psychotherapy may be used in the first session to aid in diagnosis, it is not typically utilized in subsequent visits. In fact, after the introductory session, most psychiatry sessions may only be 15-20 minutes in length and are largely focused on medication management; this is frequently the case for both psychiatrists and PMHNPs. However, medication providers who do not offer psychotherapy usually work collaboratively with psychologists and other mental health clinicians who do offer these services, and they can refer clients seeking more traditional psychotherapy services to their care.

How do I know if I need a psychiatrist, a PMHNP, or a therapist?

It is not always easy to know which type of mental health practitioner to choose. Many people are unaware of the root of their mental or behavioral problem and may be unaware of the differences in support provided by various mental health professionals. One way many people learn which type of care is best for them is by seeing their primary care provider (PCP) first. Depending on the nature and severity of the symptoms, the PCP may review their medical history and provide guidance or a referral to the appropriate type of provider.

A referral to a psychiatrist or PMHNP is most often made when a client is in need of psychiatric medication management or assessment. These professionals are specifically trained to prescribe psychiatric medications, when necessary, for a client; however, they generally do not provide supportive psychotherapy on an ongoing basis. A therapist or psychologist, in contrast, can provide supportive psychotherapy but is unable to prescribe medications. Because of their unique roles, some clients see both a medication prescriber (either a psychiatrist or PMHNP) and a therapist at the same time to address their psychiatric concerns holistically. Many psychiatrists and psychologists are very open to referring clients to other professionals if unable to meet the client's needs or if they think the client could use additional support from a different type of professional.

Do I need a referral to see a psychiatrist or a PMHNP?

A referral to a psychiatrist or psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) is often not required. However, consulting your primary care physician (PCP) first can be beneficial and may streamline the process of getting the care you need. Your PCP can help determine whether psychiatric care is necessary or if another type of mental health support might be more appropriate. Additionally, some insurance plans require a PCP referral to cover part or all of the costs associated with seeing a specialist. Obtaining a referral can also expedite the appointment process, particularly in areas with provider shortages or for clients seeking specialists in fields like child psychiatry.

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed professional?

Yes, all professionals listed in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory are licensed to provide mental health services in the state(s) where they practice. The directory includes a variety of providers such as psychiatrists, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), physician assistants, psychologists, social workers, and counselors. Each provider must hold a valid license issued by their state regulatory body to be listed. In addition, Psychology Today offers a verification process for certain providers, signified by a 'Verified' symbol next to their profile. This badge indicates that the provider’s primary credential or license has been independently verified by Psychology Today.