Treatment Centers in Portland, OR

Photo of Belmont Comprehensive Treatment Center - Belmont Comprehensive Treatment Center , Treatment Center
Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) combines the use of prescription medication and counseling sessions to treat opioid addiction. At Belmont Comprehensive Treatment Center (CTC), we believe in the effectiveness of MAT in helping people achieve recovery, and we offer this service for adults age 18 and older who are battling addictions to opioids. MAT addresses both the physical and psychological elements of addiction and has proved to yield positive results and long-term recovery. Prescription medication can help keep you comfortable during withdrawal by alleviating symptoms, while therapy sessions can provide an outlet for you to explore underlying reasons for addiction. Your level of commitment to your own personal growth and recovery is an important aspect that we encourage you to consider during your time in treatment. We believe that the more you invest in your journey to recovery, the more you can gain from our treatment services. We encourage our patients to make the most of their time at our treatment center by being present and engaged during conversations with clinicians.
Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) combines the use of prescription medication and counseling sessions to treat opioid addiction. At Belmont Comprehensive Treatment Center (CTC), we believe in the effectiveness of MAT in helping people achieve recovery, and we offer this service for adults age 18 and older who are battling addictions to opioids. MAT addresses both the physical and psychological elements of addiction and has proved to yield positive results and long-term recovery. Prescription medication can help keep you comfortable during withdrawal by alleviating symptoms, while therapy sessions can provide an outlet for you to explore underlying reasons for addiction. Your level of commitment to your own personal growth and recovery is an important aspect that we encourage you to consider during your time in treatment. We believe that the more you invest in your journey to recovery, the more you can gain from our treatment services. We encourage our patients to make the most of their time at our treatment center by being present and engaged during conversations with clinicians.
(855) 702-9396 View (855) 702-9396
Photo of Hayley Dauterman - NW Anxiety Institute, LLC, Treatment Center
NW Anxiety Institute, LLC
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97232
​The NW Anxiety Institute focuses on using the most effective form of therapy for anxiety disorders: Exposure Response Prevention Therapy (ERP). Proven to be significantly more successful than standard coping and relaxing techniques, we’ve designed several programs incorporating Exposure Response Prevention Therapy in a wide variety of settings.
​The NW Anxiety Institute focuses on using the most effective form of therapy for anxiety disorders: Exposure Response Prevention Therapy (ERP). Proven to be significantly more successful than standard coping and relaxing techniques, we’ve designed several programs incorporating Exposure Response Prevention Therapy in a wide variety of settings.
(503) 822-6419 View (503) 822-6419
Photo of East Comprehensive Treatment Center - East Portland Comprehensive Treatment Center, Treatment Center
When you or someone you love is suffering from a substance use disorder, it can inflict harm on your life in many different ways. More than 2.5 million Americans are struggling with an opioid use disorder alone, and opioid overdose was the cause of more than 70,000 deaths in 2017. Comprehensive treatment centers can help you or your loved one recover from an opioid addiction or other substance use disorder. Comprehensive treatment centers help adults age 18 and older who are struggling with substance use disorders. When you or someone you love receives care at a comprehensive treatment center, you will benefit from medically supervised medication-assisted treatment (MAT) in combination with counseling. This dual approach to treatment ensures that your care team treats more than just your symptoms, getting to the root of your substance use so that you can build a foundation for long-term recovery.
When you or someone you love is suffering from a substance use disorder, it can inflict harm on your life in many different ways. More than 2.5 million Americans are struggling with an opioid use disorder alone, and opioid overdose was the cause of more than 70,000 deaths in 2017. Comprehensive treatment centers can help you or your loved one recover from an opioid addiction or other substance use disorder. Comprehensive treatment centers help adults age 18 and older who are struggling with substance use disorders. When you or someone you love receives care at a comprehensive treatment center, you will benefit from medically supervised medication-assisted treatment (MAT) in combination with counseling. This dual approach to treatment ensures that your care team treats more than just your symptoms, getting to the root of your substance use so that you can build a foundation for long-term recovery.
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Photo of Admissions Team - Center For Discovery, Treatment Center
Center For Discovery
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97223
For over 25 years, Center for Discovery has been helping thousands of patients recover from eating disorders using our Real-Life Recovery approach. We offer effective teen, adult, gender affirmative and LGBTQIA+ inclusive programs in our residential, partial hospitalization and intensive outpatient care with proven results within the first week. We are also proud to offer a unique Stars & Stripes Program to serve those who serve. Our therapeutic practices help patients know when/ how to use effective coping skills for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, orthorexia nervosa, other specified eating disorders and co-occurring disorders like anxiety, depression, PTSD and OCD. CFD’s outcomes are excellent, with 86.3% of patients who discharged at or above 90% total body weight maintaining their weight post-discharge. Patients demonstrated a 99.3% reduction in binge behaviors and 97.9% reduction in purge behaviors upon completing treatment.
For over 25 years, Center for Discovery has been helping thousands of patients recover from eating disorders using our Real-Life Recovery approach. We offer effective teen, adult, gender affirmative and LGBTQIA+ inclusive programs in our residential, partial hospitalization and intensive outpatient care with proven results within the first week. We are also proud to offer a unique Stars & Stripes Program to serve those who serve. Our therapeutic practices help patients know when/ how to use effective coping skills for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, orthorexia nervosa, other specified eating disorders and co-occurring disorders like anxiety, depression, PTSD and OCD. CFD’s outcomes are excellent, with 86.3% of patients who discharged at or above 90% total body weight maintaining their weight post-discharge. Patients demonstrated a 99.3% reduction in binge behaviors and 97.9% reduction in purge behaviors upon completing treatment.
(844) 230-9103 View (844) 230-9103
Photo of Tanis Hayden - SLO Recovery Center, Treatment Center, MA, CADC-II, QMHP
SLO Recovery Center
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97230
"Our world-class team of professional staff and clinicians offer trauma informed, evidenced-based treatment for substance abuse and co-occurring disorders in the heart of the Pacific Northwest. With decades of experience, our mission is to connect people with real answers and sustainable change. We offer many options to meet people's needs, with an individualized plan that works for them. We are deeply committed to driving change and delivering hope with integrity and experience. We are JCAHO, Oregon State Certified, DUI Certified, Nationally Accredited and leverage our experience to help people recover and thrive. We’d love to hear from you. Addiction is treatable, suffering is optional."
"Our world-class team of professional staff and clinicians offer trauma informed, evidenced-based treatment for substance abuse and co-occurring disorders in the heart of the Pacific Northwest. With decades of experience, our mission is to connect people with real answers and sustainable change. We offer many options to meet people's needs, with an individualized plan that works for them. We are deeply committed to driving change and delivering hope with integrity and experience. We are JCAHO, Oregon State Certified, DUI Certified, Nationally Accredited and leverage our experience to help people recover and thrive. We’d love to hear from you. Addiction is treatable, suffering is optional."
(503) 447-8506 View (503) 447-8506
Photo of Oren Cherti - Shine Mental Health Treatment Program, Treatment Center
We are a highly advanced residential mental health treatment program with expertise in treating complex psychiatric disorders. We are physician operated program that is also licensed to provide cutting edge treatment options such as ketamine and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Our philosophy is to minimize medications and provide one on one intensive treatment in an intimate small group environment. We offer age specific treatment and specialty treatment tracts that address the unique needs of young adults, middle age, seniors and chronic pain sufferers. Treatment is provided to average of 6 clients at a time to provide highly individualized attention. Unlike most programs that advertise for mental health but are really substance abuse treatment programs, we are proud to be one of the very few double certified true mental health programs in existence. We are licensed and certified for advanced mental health and crisis stabilization which means our clinical program, staffing and services must be the most intensive and highest caliber.
We are a highly advanced residential mental health treatment program with expertise in treating complex psychiatric disorders. We are physician operated program that is also licensed to provide cutting edge treatment options such as ketamine and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Our philosophy is to minimize medications and provide one on one intensive treatment in an intimate small group environment. We offer age specific treatment and specialty treatment tracts that address the unique needs of young adults, middle age, seniors and chronic pain sufferers. Treatment is provided to average of 6 clients at a time to provide highly individualized attention. Unlike most programs that advertise for mental health but are really substance abuse treatment programs, we are proud to be one of the very few double certified true mental health programs in existence. We are licensed and certified for advanced mental health and crisis stabilization which means our clinical program, staffing and services must be the most intensive and highest caliber.
(747) 285-7388 View (747) 285-7388
Photo of Chris Doud - Teamworks Nonprofit, Treatment Center
Teamworks Nonprofit
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97214
We are a team of clinicians with multiple specialties. We are focused on serving the queer and trans community
We are a team of clinicians with multiple specialties. We are focused on serving the queer and trans community
(503) 832-4779 View (503) 832-4779
Photo of Downtown Portland Comprehensive Treatment Center - Downtown Portland Comprehensive Treatment Center, Treatment Center
Downtown Portland Comprehensive Treatment Center (CTC) offers outpatient treatment for adults age 18 and older who are struggling with addictions to opioids. Our CTC is located in Portland, Oregon, and specializes in providing medication-assisted treatment (MAT), which combines the use of prescription medication with counseling. Many methadone clinics only have a single medication option, but we offer a comprehensive range of medications. These include buprenorphine, Vivitrol, and Suboxone, in addition to methadone. When someone abruptly stops opioid use, they may experience distressing symptoms, such as anxiety, muscle aches, nausea, and intense cravings. The medications used in MAT can alleviate these symptoms and help people remain focused on their recovery. In addition to medication, we also provide individual and group counseling sessions, which are led by qualified professionals who can assist you as you work toward recovery from an opioid addiction.
Downtown Portland Comprehensive Treatment Center (CTC) offers outpatient treatment for adults age 18 and older who are struggling with addictions to opioids. Our CTC is located in Portland, Oregon, and specializes in providing medication-assisted treatment (MAT), which combines the use of prescription medication with counseling. Many methadone clinics only have a single medication option, but we offer a comprehensive range of medications. These include buprenorphine, Vivitrol, and Suboxone, in addition to methadone. When someone abruptly stops opioid use, they may experience distressing symptoms, such as anxiety, muscle aches, nausea, and intense cravings. The medications used in MAT can alleviate these symptoms and help people remain focused on their recovery. In addition to medication, we also provide individual and group counseling sessions, which are led by qualified professionals who can assist you as you work toward recovery from an opioid addiction.
(855) 683-3139 View (855) 683-3139
Photo of Douglass Ruth - Jewish Family and Child Service, Treatment Center, LCSW
Jewish Family and Child Service
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97205
JFCS’ Counseling program provides compassionate, person-centered, trauma-informed mental-health services to adults, children, teens, couples and families facing life’s challenges. Our priority is to provide support based on trust, empathy and understanding to ensure that our clients feel safe, empowered and able to make progress toward their goals. JFCS Portland works with clients from a variety of social, cultural, and economic backgrounds. Clients are able to meet with our therapists in our office in downtown Portland or via telehealth session.
JFCS’ Counseling program provides compassionate, person-centered, trauma-informed mental-health services to adults, children, teens, couples and families facing life’s challenges. Our priority is to provide support based on trust, empathy and understanding to ensure that our clients feel safe, empowered and able to make progress toward their goals. JFCS Portland works with clients from a variety of social, cultural, and economic backgrounds. Clients are able to meet with our therapists in our office in downtown Portland or via telehealth session.
(971) 306-9230 x650 View (971) 306-9230 x650
Photo of Jake Evans - Tree House Recovery PDX for Men, Treatment Center
Tree House Recovery PDX for Men
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97217
Tree House is redefining addiction treatment for men through empowerment, education and self-mastery. Our holistic approach focusses on optimizing the body and mind and results in sustainable sober lives that our clients are excited to live. We believe that men prone to addiction must learn how to live a lifestyle where they are emotionally strong, physically fit and socially connected in order to stay sober long term.
Tree House is redefining addiction treatment for men through empowerment, education and self-mastery. Our holistic approach focusses on optimizing the body and mind and results in sustainable sober lives that our clients are excited to live. We believe that men prone to addiction must learn how to live a lifestyle where they are emotionally strong, physically fit and socially connected in order to stay sober long term.
(971) 265-4448 View (971) 265-4448
Photo of Diane McLendon - Family Ties Counseling Center, Treatment Center, LMFT, LCSW, LPC, PsyD, Assoc
Family Ties Counseling Center
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97239
Family Ties Counseling Center is a group therapy practice committed to providing compassionate, affirming care. When you’re a client at FTCC, you’re supported by a team of therapists who are dedicated to enriching the lives of you and your loved ones. We hold an expanded and limitless view of what family can be. As a collaborative group practice, we ensure that your whole family gets the care and resources they need. We provide child and family therapy, couples and relationship counseling, individual therapy, teen therapy, group counseling, art therapy, and ecotherapy.
Family Ties Counseling Center is a group therapy practice committed to providing compassionate, affirming care. When you’re a client at FTCC, you’re supported by a team of therapists who are dedicated to enriching the lives of you and your loved ones. We hold an expanded and limitless view of what family can be. As a collaborative group practice, we ensure that your whole family gets the care and resources they need. We provide child and family therapy, couples and relationship counseling, individual therapy, teen therapy, group counseling, art therapy, and ecotherapy.
(971) 257-9167 View (971) 257-9167
Photo of Cedar Hills Outpatient Services - Cedar Hills Outpatient Services, Treatment Center
Cedar Hills Outpatient Services
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97225
Group therapy can instill a renewed sense of hope, remind us that we are not alone in our struggles, and give us a safe place for empathy, vulnerability, and learning. Our clinicians facilitate a structured group environment where you can learn and practice new skills for positive change in your everyday life. Your treatment is driven by you, the client, while heavily supported and guided by our clinical and administrative team. You are not alone, and you are worth investing in yourself!
Group therapy can instill a renewed sense of hope, remind us that we are not alone in our struggles, and give us a safe place for empathy, vulnerability, and learning. Our clinicians facilitate a structured group environment where you can learn and practice new skills for positive change in your everyday life. Your treatment is driven by you, the client, while heavily supported and guided by our clinical and administrative team. You are not alone, and you are worth investing in yourself!
(971) 228-8000 View (971) 228-8000
Photo of Shirin Yekekar - Mindful Oregon Clinic, Treatment Center
Mindful Oregon Clinic
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97205
At Mindful Oregon Clinic, we understand that your experiences are unique, and so is your path to wellness. Life’s challenges can feel overwhelming but don't have to face them alone. We specialize in treating a range of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, PTSD, and ADHD. We also offer expert support for relationships, divorce recovery, and co-parenting, helping you navigate communication challenges, conflict resolution, and healthy family dynamics. Whether you seek individual support, couples counseling, or family therapy, our experienced team offers evidence-based treatments like EMDR, CBT, TF-CBT and DBT.
At Mindful Oregon Clinic, we understand that your experiences are unique, and so is your path to wellness. Life’s challenges can feel overwhelming but don't have to face them alone. We specialize in treating a range of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, PTSD, and ADHD. We also offer expert support for relationships, divorce recovery, and co-parenting, helping you navigate communication challenges, conflict resolution, and healthy family dynamics. Whether you seek individual support, couples counseling, or family therapy, our experienced team offers evidence-based treatments like EMDR, CBT, TF-CBT and DBT.
(971) 606-5501 View (971) 606-5501
Photo of Robert Olsen - BestMind Behavioral Health of Oregon, Treatment Center
BestMind Behavioral Health offers best-in-class behavioral and mental health treatments. We provide psychiatric evaluation, medication management, and advanced outpatient treatments. We believe in inclusivity and accessibility. Every person who comes to BestMind has unique needs and special circumstances that bring them to us. That’s why we’ve created a system that allows for total flexibility. We offer both in-person and telehealth appointments and accept most insurance plans.
BestMind Behavioral Health offers best-in-class behavioral and mental health treatments. We provide psychiatric evaluation, medication management, and advanced outpatient treatments. We believe in inclusivity and accessibility. Every person who comes to BestMind has unique needs and special circumstances that bring them to us. That’s why we’ve created a system that allows for total flexibility. We offer both in-person and telehealth appointments and accept most insurance plans.
(971) 306-5344 View (971) 306-5344
Photo of Enrique Abreu - Portland Ketamine Clinic, Treatment Center, DO
Portland Ketamine Clinic
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97209
We will work to help you get past the strong grip of treatment resistant depression.
We will work to help you get past the strong grip of treatment resistant depression.
(503) 713-6783 View (503) 713-6783
Photo of Connective Therapy Collective - Connective Therapy Collective, Treatment Center
Connective Therapy Collective
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97216
A Place To Be Human: Individual, relationship, and sex therapists specializing in supporting complex trauma survivors, those in non-monogamous or kinky relationships, sex workers, and folks of any flavor. Jump over to our website so we can get you connected: www.connectivetherapycollective.com/
A Place To Be Human: Individual, relationship, and sex therapists specializing in supporting complex trauma survivors, those in non-monogamous or kinky relationships, sex workers, and folks of any flavor. Jump over to our website so we can get you connected: www.connectivetherapycollective.com/
(503) 744-7311 View (503) 744-7311
Photo of Integrative Trauma Treatment Center - Integrative Trauma Treatment Center, Treatment Center
Integrative Trauma Treatment Center
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97201
Our clientele includes those who have experienced developmental or systemic trauma, interpersonal abuse, sexual assault, organizational abuse, and/or those who have experienced a single incident trauma such as a car accident or fire. ITTC works well with those who are generally stable in their lives and are ready for the hard work of working through past hurts. Those who may not have responded well to talk therapy alone can incorporate the body and spirit in their recovery process by utilizing trauma-informed yoga, mindfulness and other modalities for treatment incorporating the whole person.
Our clientele includes those who have experienced developmental or systemic trauma, interpersonal abuse, sexual assault, organizational abuse, and/or those who have experienced a single incident trauma such as a car accident or fire. ITTC works well with those who are generally stable in their lives and are ready for the hard work of working through past hurts. Those who may not have responded well to talk therapy alone can incorporate the body and spirit in their recovery process by utilizing trauma-informed yoga, mindfulness and other modalities for treatment incorporating the whole person.
(503) 894-5561 View (503) 894-5561
Photo of Pritham Raj - Active Path Mental Health, Treatment Center, MD
Active Path Mental Health
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97210
Have you tried several medications for your mental health and experienced no relief of symptoms? At Active Path, we are here to help your treatment-resistant depression, anxiety and OCD. Get back to you with services tailored to your specific needs. We offer Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), talk therapy, Spravato (esketamine), and medication management. These services are designed to provide comprehensive support to our patients on their mental health journey. Our services are covered by most insurance plans, including Medicare and Medicaid.
Have you tried several medications for your mental health and experienced no relief of symptoms? At Active Path, we are here to help your treatment-resistant depression, anxiety and OCD. Get back to you with services tailored to your specific needs. We offer Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), talk therapy, Spravato (esketamine), and medication management. These services are designed to provide comprehensive support to our patients on their mental health journey. Our services are covered by most insurance plans, including Medicare and Medicaid.
(971) 232-3001 View (971) 232-3001
Photo of Ryan Opsahl - Crestview Recovery, Treatment Center
Crestview Recovery
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97215
When you are ready to seek treatment for a drug or alcohol addiction, you want to go to a facility that offers a diverse program so your addiction can be treated comprehensively. There's no one-size-fits-all treatment for those struggling with an alcohol or drug addiction. Crestview Recovery offers different treatment programs that can address issues in different ways. Statistics show that those who suffer from the disease of addiction need to be carefully transitioned through different levels of care in order to have the best chance of staying sober. That's exactly what you'll receive at Crestview Recovery.
When you are ready to seek treatment for a drug or alcohol addiction, you want to go to a facility that offers a diverse program so your addiction can be treated comprehensively. There's no one-size-fits-all treatment for those struggling with an alcohol or drug addiction. Crestview Recovery offers different treatment programs that can address issues in different ways. Statistics show that those who suffer from the disease of addiction need to be carefully transitioned through different levels of care in order to have the best chance of staying sober. That's exactly what you'll receive at Crestview Recovery.
(503) 850-0283 View (503) 850-0283
Photo of David Leventer - A Better Way Counseling Center, Treatment Center, LMFT, LPC
A Better Way Counseling Center
Treatment Center
Portland, OR 97209
Do you have an eating disorder? We offer Free Support Groups, Individual, Marriage and Family Counseling as well as Art Therapy to help with eating disorders of all kinds at our Center. We also offer therapy for issues other than eating disorders such as for problems with anxiety, depression, grief, addictions, sex abuse and for relationship and family difficulties. We are a State Certified Mental Health Clinic and have some of the most experienced therapists in the area, as well as Registered Interns. We also work closely with Psychiatrists, Primary Care Physicians, Registered Dietitians and an Eco-Therapy Center to provide Team Treatment specific to you.
Do you have an eating disorder? We offer Free Support Groups, Individual, Marriage and Family Counseling as well as Art Therapy to help with eating disorders of all kinds at our Center. We also offer therapy for issues other than eating disorders such as for problems with anxiety, depression, grief, addictions, sex abuse and for relationship and family difficulties. We are a State Certified Mental Health Clinic and have some of the most experienced therapists in the area, as well as Registered Interns. We also work closely with Psychiatrists, Primary Care Physicians, Registered Dietitians and an Eco-Therapy Center to provide Team Treatment specific to you.
(503) 444-8864 View (503) 444-8864

See more therapy options for Portland

FAQs - About Treatment Centers and Rehab

How can I find a treatment center in Portland?

The Psychology Today Directory has customizable search options that show potential treatment centers tailored to your location, including inpatient or outpatient, the types of insurance accepted, and even the programs the center specializes in. Finding the right treatment center can be vitally important, and the dropdown filters make it easier to find the best fit for you or your loved one.

How do treatment centers work?

There are treatment centers for individuals dealing with psychiatric issues as well as for those dealing with substance use or addiction, or who are dealing with both, also known as co-occurring disorders. The type of program that is right for an individual depends on their medical and mental health history, the severity of the issues they are dealing with, as well as their treatment goals. Individuals using the directory can filter to find a center best-suited to them based on their gender, the issues they are facing, such as addiction or a mental health condition, or the type of treatments they are seeking.

What is the difference between inpatient and outpatient treatments?

In an inpatient or residential treatment program, individuals receive treatment while living in a facility and have 24/7 access to care by medical professionals. There are various forms of outpatient treatment that offer different levels of care, including Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOPs) and Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHPs). PHPs tend to offer more time-intensive, supervised care than IOPs. Aftercare is another option that offers ongoing treatment for an individual recovering from substance use or addiction after they have achieved initial sobriety, which can take the form of either an inpatient or outpatient program.

How long is rehab?

Short term treatment usually lasts less than 30 days, while long term programs can last 60 days, 90 days, or longer, depending on the needs and goals of the individual and the structure of the program. Individuals searching for a treatment program in the directory can filter results by duration.

How much does rehab cost?

The price of treatment varies according to the length and type of service you search for, such as detox treatment, residential treatment, or outpatient treatment, as well as location and amenities offered. Non-profit centers are typically less expensive than private centers, but may have longer wait lists. Using the filters on the Psychology Today Treatment Center Directory can help narrow down which centers accept insurance plans, and, if so, which ones.

Does insurance cover rehab?

Health insurance typically covers rehab, but the extent of coverage depends on the particular policy, the treatment provider, and the needs of the individual. Individuals are encouraged to check with their insurance providers prior to entering a treatment program. Once you have confirmed coverage, you can use the Insurance filter on the Psychology Today Treatment Center Directory to find and contact centers that accept your insurance.

How do you get someone who refuses treatment into rehab?

It is important to convey compassion and understanding toward an individual dealing with an addiction problem. If a person refuses treatment at first, it’s important for their loved ones to continue to express their concerns in a kind and respectful manner, and to periodically encourage them to get help. It can take time for someone dealing with addiction to gain the motivation to make a change. In the meantime, it can be helpful for loved ones to set boundaries with the individual and educate themselves on the many treatment options that exist in order to have more informed conversations regarding recovery.