Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

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Photo of Rebecca Rathjen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Rebecca Rathjen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Waitlist for new clients
Sometimes we need a little extra support. Maybe you feel like something just isn’t quite right, but you’re not sure what it is. Maybe you know what is causing some difficulty, like a big change, a loss, being hurt in a relationship, or trauma. Or maybe you have been feeling a lot of anxiety or stress lately. Life can bring challenges. In our work together I will help you uncover your strengths and capacity to heal.
Sometimes we need a little extra support. Maybe you feel like something just isn’t quite right, but you’re not sure what it is. Maybe you know what is causing some difficulty, like a big change, a loss, being hurt in a relationship, or trauma. Or maybe you have been feeling a lot of anxiety or stress lately. Life can bring challenges. In our work together I will help you uncover your strengths and capacity to heal.
(651) 433-6411 x704 View (651) 433-6411 x704
Photo of Anesh Patel, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Anesh Patel
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
Waitlist for new clients
Do you spend too much time comparing yourself to others? Are you frustrated in trying to communicate with those you love? Does your career feel like a dead end? There is HOPE and a way forward. I see people change their lives on a daily basis. I will be with you on this journey, understanding you, helping you to identify patterns that are getting in your way and encouraging you on your path towards an internal revolution and becoming the best version of you.
Do you spend too much time comparing yourself to others? Are you frustrated in trying to communicate with those you love? Does your career feel like a dead end? There is HOPE and a way forward. I see people change their lives on a daily basis. I will be with you on this journey, understanding you, helping you to identify patterns that are getting in your way and encouraging you on your path towards an internal revolution and becoming the best version of you.
(612) 260-9672 View (612) 260-9672
Photo of Andrea E Grey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Andrea E Grey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Not accepting new clients
People who spend long stretches of time in childhood living with unresolved problems may discover they grow up to become adults who carry those same mysteries inside. When individual problem solving becomes too much, therapy can help. This might look like raising curiosity around the subjects of trauma, mood and body-related symptoms and exploring to what degree it is possible to build new relationships across these domains.
People who spend long stretches of time in childhood living with unresolved problems may discover they grow up to become adults who carry those same mysteries inside. When individual problem solving becomes too much, therapy can help. This might look like raising curiosity around the subjects of trauma, mood and body-related symptoms and exploring to what degree it is possible to build new relationships across these domains.
(651) 427-1858 View (651) 427-1858
Photo of Jim Wagner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Jim Wagner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Not accepting new clients
Finding your way through a difficult time or along the path of emotional healing isn’t easy. And going it alone is becoming too much. Some part of you that wants things to be better knows it’s time—time for deep inner healing, to feel more self-compassion, to better understand yourself, to relate with more dignity. I want to help you make the changes life is calling you to make and experience yourself and your relationships with more wholeness.
Finding your way through a difficult time or along the path of emotional healing isn’t easy. And going it alone is becoming too much. Some part of you that wants things to be better knows it’s time—time for deep inner healing, to feel more self-compassion, to better understand yourself, to relate with more dignity. I want to help you make the changes life is calling you to make and experience yourself and your relationships with more wholeness.
(612) 662-7251 View (612) 662-7251
Photo of Karen Stoddard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Karen Stoddard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55105
I focus on helping you find a deeper and more positive sense of yourself. Together we explore your feelings, thought patterns, dreams, and attitudes to gain understanding about current problems and concerns. This work can positively transform the perspectives and behaviors that affect where you are feeling stuck, such as with relationship issues, or having symptoms of depression and anxiety, or problems with anger, substance abuse, career and work concerns, struggles with past abuse or trauma, facing acute or chronic health issues, or working through the process of aging.
I focus on helping you find a deeper and more positive sense of yourself. Together we explore your feelings, thought patterns, dreams, and attitudes to gain understanding about current problems and concerns. This work can positively transform the perspectives and behaviors that affect where you are feeling stuck, such as with relationship issues, or having symptoms of depression and anxiety, or problems with anger, substance abuse, career and work concerns, struggles with past abuse or trauma, facing acute or chronic health issues, or working through the process of aging.
(651) 401-8164 View (651) 401-8164
Photo of Erin O'Gara, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Erin O'Gara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Not accepting new clients
I believe strongly in person centered care, meaning your goals for healing and growth will be placed at the core of our work together. You are the expert in your life and I am honored to walk your journey and co-create therapy sessions with you! I operate from a strength based perspective and trauma informed lens, and work to create a welcoming and calming environment for all clients. I believe the relationship between the client and therapist is essential to growth and healing and I will bring kindness, understanding, and humor to our work together. I enjoy working with adolescents, adults, aging adults, and couples.
I believe strongly in person centered care, meaning your goals for healing and growth will be placed at the core of our work together. You are the expert in your life and I am honored to walk your journey and co-create therapy sessions with you! I operate from a strength based perspective and trauma informed lens, and work to create a welcoming and calming environment for all clients. I believe the relationship between the client and therapist is essential to growth and healing and I will bring kindness, understanding, and humor to our work together. I enjoy working with adolescents, adults, aging adults, and couples.
(651) 240-2137 View (651) 240-2137
Photo of Joshua Powell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Joshua Powell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
I know it can be hard to reach out for help, especially when you're reaching out to a stranger. I really hope that you take this important step. You deserve to feel better. I promise to listen to what's bothering you, what's important to you, and to help you be the best you. I'm not here to judge or make you into someone you don't want to be.
I know it can be hard to reach out for help, especially when you're reaching out to a stranger. I really hope that you take this important step. You deserve to feel better. I promise to listen to what's bothering you, what's important to you, and to help you be the best you. I'm not here to judge or make you into someone you don't want to be.
(651) 410-1732 View (651) 410-1732
Photo of Tracey Wilkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Tracey Wilkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
If you are unhappy, struggling with life's challenges, feel like you are not reaching your potential, have difficulty in managing relationships or feel like there is something seriously wrong, we can work together to figure out what's wrong and work on solutions. I have over 15 years of clinical experience. I have siginificant experience in treating mood disorders including Depression and Bipolar Disorder, anxiety disorders and eating disorders.
If you are unhappy, struggling with life's challenges, feel like you are not reaching your potential, have difficulty in managing relationships or feel like there is something seriously wrong, we can work together to figure out what's wrong and work on solutions. I have over 15 years of clinical experience. I have siginificant experience in treating mood disorders including Depression and Bipolar Disorder, anxiety disorders and eating disorders.
(651) 560-3831 View (651) 560-3831
Photo of Marina Himmer, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Marina Himmer
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55108
Life can be challenging when we experience adjustments, trials and loses, causing us to experience loneliness, conflicting emotions, anxiety, depression or simply feeling something is missing in our lives. Therapy can provide a way out by integrating a mind/body/spirit connection to help you return to wellness. It requires great courage taking the first step to reach out. I would be honored if you allow me to walk alongside to unlock your full potential. I strive to follow your lead and adapt to your personal style and needs and together, create a safe and nurturing environment. Hablo nativo Español al 100% y me encantaria servirte!
Life can be challenging when we experience adjustments, trials and loses, causing us to experience loneliness, conflicting emotions, anxiety, depression or simply feeling something is missing in our lives. Therapy can provide a way out by integrating a mind/body/spirit connection to help you return to wellness. It requires great courage taking the first step to reach out. I would be honored if you allow me to walk alongside to unlock your full potential. I strive to follow your lead and adapt to your personal style and needs and together, create a safe and nurturing environment. Hablo nativo Español al 100% y me encantaria servirte!
(651) 439-2059 View (651) 439-2059
Photo of Kenneth Freeman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Kenneth Freeman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55106
Hello, my name is Kenneth Freeman. I am a dedicated licensed mental health counselor endeavoring to help people to be their best. I have been working in the mental health field since 2013. My personal and professional motto is to help people recognize the importance of mental health wellness through warmth, acceptance, and empathy. realize success begins with “one person” and the rewards from that can be profound. I am committed to developing a consistent and acceptable treatment plan(s) through a Cognitive Behavioral modality to support adults.
Hello, my name is Kenneth Freeman. I am a dedicated licensed mental health counselor endeavoring to help people to be their best. I have been working in the mental health field since 2013. My personal and professional motto is to help people recognize the importance of mental health wellness through warmth, acceptance, and empathy. realize success begins with “one person” and the rewards from that can be profound. I am committed to developing a consistent and acceptable treatment plan(s) through a Cognitive Behavioral modality to support adults.
(651) 565-6061 View (651) 565-6061
Photo of Lindsay Gades, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Lindsay Gades
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
We can feel a lot of pressure to succeed or look a certain way. Sometimes we just don't feel good enough or that we have to do things "perfectly" to be accepted. We might even think, "when will I finally get there?", "why can't I just get over this?", or "I feel like there is something wrong with me." Together, we will work to help you to heal your relationship with yourself and overcome your struggles; whether they are anxiety, depression, feelings of inadequacy, or challenges with food and/or exercise.
We can feel a lot of pressure to succeed or look a certain way. Sometimes we just don't feel good enough or that we have to do things "perfectly" to be accepted. We might even think, "when will I finally get there?", "why can't I just get over this?", or "I feel like there is something wrong with me." Together, we will work to help you to heal your relationship with yourself and overcome your struggles; whether they are anxiety, depression, feelings of inadequacy, or challenges with food and/or exercise.
(651) 376-2944 View (651) 376-2944
Photo of Katia R. Lopez-Petrovich, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Katia R. Lopez-Petrovich
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, NCC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist/Bilingual Psychotherapist focused on providing a range of services for the community including Individual and Family Therapy for Adolescents and Adults. I am not only bilingual (Spanish Language) but fully bicultural as well. I have an experience of more of 15 years. My areas of clinical specialty are mood disorders, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorders, trauma, complex trauma, PTSD, abuse and neglect issues, attachment trauma, acculturation issues, women's issues, post-partum depression, infertility grief & loss, multicultural family adjustments and parenting.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist/Bilingual Psychotherapist focused on providing a range of services for the community including Individual and Family Therapy for Adolescents and Adults. I am not only bilingual (Spanish Language) but fully bicultural as well. I have an experience of more of 15 years. My areas of clinical specialty are mood disorders, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorders, trauma, complex trauma, PTSD, abuse and neglect issues, attachment trauma, acculturation issues, women's issues, post-partum depression, infertility grief & loss, multicultural family adjustments and parenting.
(612) 400-7668 View (612) 400-7668
Photo of Allie Wollman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Allie Wollman
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I have availability as early as next week for couples, families, and individuals. Coming to therapy is a big decision, it is a time to investigate yourself and learn about who you are and how you got here. Through working with me, you will begin to discover that you have been your own biggest healer all along. I love to use humor and joy in my practice as I believe that to be an excellent way to process and move through hard things.
I have availability as early as next week for couples, families, and individuals. Coming to therapy is a big decision, it is a time to investigate yourself and learn about who you are and how you got here. Through working with me, you will begin to discover that you have been your own biggest healer all along. I love to use humor and joy in my practice as I believe that to be an excellent way to process and move through hard things.
(651) 504-0636 View (651) 504-0636
Photo of Art of Counseling, PLLC in Saint Paul, MN
Art of Counseling, PLLC
MA, ATR-BC, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55101
I have experience with trauma, sever mental illness and life transitions. I work at my client's pace and follow the road they take in therapy. My approach is to give gentle guidance, educate, and creatively blend a holistic trauma-informed stance, which is the best success for healing. The creative process, through visual art and storytelling, opens up the unconscious mind, cleansing emotional pain while giving a common universal language. I explore with the client many curiosities of the human condition. Helping to connect the behaviors that motivate us to balance our individual strengths and inherit capacity for good social interest.
I have experience with trauma, sever mental illness and life transitions. I work at my client's pace and follow the road they take in therapy. My approach is to give gentle guidance, educate, and creatively blend a holistic trauma-informed stance, which is the best success for healing. The creative process, through visual art and storytelling, opens up the unconscious mind, cleansing emotional pain while giving a common universal language. I explore with the client many curiosities of the human condition. Helping to connect the behaviors that motivate us to balance our individual strengths and inherit capacity for good social interest.
(651) 318-0109 View (651) 318-0109
Photo of Pamela Reed, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Pamela Reed
Counselor, MA, LPCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55105
I believe that genuine presence, authentic connection, and a welcoming sense of curiosity, inspires each client to recover and overcome. I hold genuine and positive regard for my clients which enables me to encourage and support them as they come to understand the origins of their challenges and how to meet and transform them. I counsel individuals (ages 17 and up). My practice focuses on transitions, trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, loss, spirituality and meaning and highly sensitive persons (HSPs). My commitment is to discover the strengths and gifts of each client so they may discover their true self.
I believe that genuine presence, authentic connection, and a welcoming sense of curiosity, inspires each client to recover and overcome. I hold genuine and positive regard for my clients which enables me to encourage and support them as they come to understand the origins of their challenges and how to meet and transform them. I counsel individuals (ages 17 and up). My practice focuses on transitions, trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, loss, spirituality and meaning and highly sensitive persons (HSPs). My commitment is to discover the strengths and gifts of each client so they may discover their true self.
(612) 261-1720 View (612) 261-1720
Photo of Patrick Castrenze, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Patrick Castrenze
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I specialize in working with adults, young adults, college students, and parents/caregivers who want to feel less anxious, less overwhelmed, and more present in their lives. Many of my clients are facing major life transitions, feeling held back by old patterns, or wanting to explore different parts of themselves. And many of the parents I work with are struggling to be the parents they can or want to be. Together, we'll address your struggles with your partner(s), friends, or family members. Contact me here on Psychology Today, or reach out via our website: www.collegetherapycenter.com.
I specialize in working with adults, young adults, college students, and parents/caregivers who want to feel less anxious, less overwhelmed, and more present in their lives. Many of my clients are facing major life transitions, feeling held back by old patterns, or wanting to explore different parts of themselves. And many of the parents I work with are struggling to be the parents they can or want to be. Together, we'll address your struggles with your partner(s), friends, or family members. Contact me here on Psychology Today, or reach out via our website: www.collegetherapycenter.com.
(612) 712-6435 View (612) 712-6435
Photo of Nicole Carreon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Nicole Carreon
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
As a direct therapist, I believe in the power of establishing a genuine and empathetic connection with clients. Drawing from a deep understanding of human psychology, I create a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. I'm committed to staying informed of the latest research and developments in psychology. This dedication to ongoing education ensures that I'm providing clients with the most effective and evidence-based therapeutic interventions available.
As a direct therapist, I believe in the power of establishing a genuine and empathetic connection with clients. Drawing from a deep understanding of human psychology, I create a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. I'm committed to staying informed of the latest research and developments in psychology. This dedication to ongoing education ensures that I'm providing clients with the most effective and evidence-based therapeutic interventions available.
(507) 593-7712 View (507) 593-7712
Photo of Pamela Gilliam Martin, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Pamela Gilliam Martin
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I am committed to your health and well-being through the delivery of evidence based therapeutic approaches. As a Mental Health Practitioner, I work with adults addressing a variety of concerns including addictions, eating disorders, mood disorders, anxiety, stress management, depression, self-esteem, career, life transitions, grief/loss and relationship issues.
I am committed to your health and well-being through the delivery of evidence based therapeutic approaches. As a Mental Health Practitioner, I work with adults addressing a variety of concerns including addictions, eating disorders, mood disorders, anxiety, stress management, depression, self-esteem, career, life transitions, grief/loss and relationship issues.
(651) 644-4100 x140 View (651) 644-4100 x140
Photo of Minnesota Center for Psychology, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Minnesota Center for Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
At Minnesota Center for Psychology, we offer comprehensive mental health services for children, adolescents and adults, as well as couples and families. We are committed to providing the best quality care in an environment that fosters integrity, respect, hope, health, and learning. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, family conflict, work or relationship issues, grief, sadness, body image issues, sleep problems, suicidal thoughts, trauma, low motivation, restlessness, communication issues, post-partum depression or anxiety, LGBT or gender identity issues, life transitions mood swings, shame, anger, parenting or behavioral issues, our highly trained and experienced clinicians can help!
At Minnesota Center for Psychology, we offer comprehensive mental health services for children, adolescents and adults, as well as couples and families. We are committed to providing the best quality care in an environment that fosters integrity, respect, hope, health, and learning. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, family conflict, work or relationship issues, grief, sadness, body image issues, sleep problems, suicidal thoughts, trauma, low motivation, restlessness, communication issues, post-partum depression or anxiety, LGBT or gender identity issues, life transitions mood swings, shame, anger, parenting or behavioral issues, our highly trained and experienced clinicians can help!
(651) 383-4569 View (651) 383-4569
Photo of Serenity Silvers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Serenity Silvers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MPS, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55105  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy working with people of all ages and backgrounds and have experience working with individuals, couples, and groups in treatment centers and outpatient clinics. I collaborate with my clients, providing person-centered, evidence-based treatment for mental health and substance use disorders. Often, life experiences lead us to believe that we are incapable, flawed, or unworthy. While you cannot change what has happened in the past, you can create new meaning from your experiences. You can direct your path forward, utilizing your strengths, embracing who you want to be, and living a fulfilling life that reflects your values.
I enjoy working with people of all ages and backgrounds and have experience working with individuals, couples, and groups in treatment centers and outpatient clinics. I collaborate with my clients, providing person-centered, evidence-based treatment for mental health and substance use disorders. Often, life experiences lead us to believe that we are incapable, flawed, or unworthy. While you cannot change what has happened in the past, you can create new meaning from your experiences. You can direct your path forward, utilizing your strengths, embracing who you want to be, and living a fulfilling life that reflects your values.
(651) 318-4621 View (651) 318-4621

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% UCare
68% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Saint Paul, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.