Therapists in North Saint Paul, MN

Photo of Molly C McClure - Behavioral Health Services (BHSI), MSW, LICSW, Psychologist
Behavioral Health Services (BHSI)
Psychologist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
North Saint Paul, MN 55109
We are a group of psychologists, psychiatrists, and marriage-family therapists committed to providing high quality and comprehensive care for adults, adolescents and children. We get to know you and your unique treatment needs. Whether you arrange individual therapy, family therapy, meetings with a psychiatrist to discuss medication options, or psychological testing to better understand the problem, our fully licensed and credentialed clinicians can coordinate all of these services under one roof. When you visit a BHSI clinic, you can always expect skilled and compassionate treatment and strict confidentiality. For your convenience, we offer flexible appointment scheduling.
We are a group of psychologists, psychiatrists, and marriage-family therapists committed to providing high quality and comprehensive care for adults, adolescents and children. We get to know you and your unique treatment needs. Whether you arrange individual therapy, family therapy, meetings with a psychiatrist to discuss medication options, or psychological testing to better understand the problem, our fully licensed and credentialed clinicians can coordinate all of these services under one roof. When you visit a BHSI clinic, you can always expect skilled and compassionate treatment and strict confidentiality. For your convenience, we offer flexible appointment scheduling.
(651) 760-5120 View (651) 760-5120
Photo of Florence Njoyi, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Florence Njoyi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
North Saint Paul, MN 55109  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm a multicultural clinician, Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) based in Minnesota. I received my master's from the University of St Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota, and have been practicing for fifteen years, and a doctorate - Doctor of Behavioral Health from the Arizona State University. I provide clinical support to adults struggling with behavioral health challenges and symptoms and hope to improve the management of the conditions.
Hi! I'm a multicultural clinician, Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) based in Minnesota. I received my master's from the University of St Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota, and have been practicing for fifteen years, and a doctorate - Doctor of Behavioral Health from the Arizona State University. I provide clinical support to adults struggling with behavioral health challenges and symptoms and hope to improve the management of the conditions.
(651) 372-2985 View (651) 372-2985
Photo of Christelle Audrey Achuala Tchongouang, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Christelle Audrey Achuala Tchongouang
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
North Saint Paul, MN 55109
If your child is experiencing feelings of depression, anxiety, or struggling with anger management and behavior issues, you are one step closer to finding a solution by searching for a provider like myself who can help with your child's mental health needs.
If your child is experiencing feelings of depression, anxiety, or struggling with anger management and behavior issues, you are one step closer to finding a solution by searching for a provider like myself who can help with your child's mental health needs.
(651) 372-2183 View (651) 372-2183
Photo of Ryan K Rowlson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ryan K Rowlson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
North Saint Paul, MN 55109  (Online Only)
I work with my clients to create the necessary tools to manage major life transitions, fears, trauma, difficult relationships with family, friends, and/or job stress. I help my clients heal from distressing events and circumstances like parent-child relationship issues, recent or long term medical diagnosis, terminal medical diagnoses as well as children and adults who have experienced trauma. Whether it is a child with behavioral issues, a family member(s) dealing with a mental health issue, a couple wanting pre-marital counseling, or a family trying to manage a major medical issue I would like to help.
I work with my clients to create the necessary tools to manage major life transitions, fears, trauma, difficult relationships with family, friends, and/or job stress. I help my clients heal from distressing events and circumstances like parent-child relationship issues, recent or long term medical diagnosis, terminal medical diagnoses as well as children and adults who have experienced trauma. Whether it is a child with behavioral issues, a family member(s) dealing with a mental health issue, a couple wanting pre-marital counseling, or a family trying to manage a major medical issue I would like to help.
(651) 401-8858 View (651) 401-8858
Photo of Rebecca Blaede, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rebecca Blaede
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
North Saint Paul, MN 55109
Waitlist for new clients
I work with teens, adults, couples and families who struggle with a variety of conflicts. I strive to help others feel a sense of healing and understanding after challenging, stressful or traumatic situations.
I work with teens, adults, couples and families who struggle with a variety of conflicts. I strive to help others feel a sense of healing and understanding after challenging, stressful or traumatic situations.
(612) 425-1846 View (612) 425-1846
Photo of Kyle Smyth, MPS, LPCC, LADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kyle Smyth
Licensed Professional Counselor, MPS, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
North Saint Paul, MN 55109
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that what we are dealing with is not who we are. Challenges with substance use, mental health symptoms, relationships, or whatever else you are facing do not define you. Learning how to see beyond these things to the full and complete person you are can be both difficult and healing. I believe that my role as a therapist is to help clients start that process in a supportive and non-judgmental way. I want you to feel that you are the driving force in your therapy experience, not judgement or stigmas.
I believe that what we are dealing with is not who we are. Challenges with substance use, mental health symptoms, relationships, or whatever else you are facing do not define you. Learning how to see beyond these things to the full and complete person you are can be both difficult and healing. I believe that my role as a therapist is to help clients start that process in a supportive and non-judgmental way. I want you to feel that you are the driving force in your therapy experience, not judgement or stigmas.
(651) 564-8390 View (651) 564-8390

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Julie Kraai, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Julie Kraai
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Mahtomedi, MN 55115
I like to do relational work with partners and individuals--trying to navigate how to be in relationship with others can be really stressful and feel impossible. Common issues I work with are boundaries, communication, infidelity, maternal mental health, new parenting dynamics, self-esteem, family-of-origin issues, deconstructing and reconstructing faith, tools for a better relationship, and small "t" and big "T" traumas.
I like to do relational work with partners and individuals--trying to navigate how to be in relationship with others can be really stressful and feel impossible. Common issues I work with are boundaries, communication, infidelity, maternal mental health, new parenting dynamics, self-esteem, family-of-origin issues, deconstructing and reconstructing faith, tools for a better relationship, and small "t" and big "T" traumas.
(651) 505-3201 View (651) 505-3201
Photo of Kevin C Hynes, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kevin C Hynes
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Mahtomedi, MN 55115
I work collaboratively with my clients to establish their goals, their treatment plan, and how we will work together. One of my main priorities is to establish and maintain an environment conducive to your growth. I aim to make sessions productive through our strong relationship and treatment practices supported by research. As someone with marginalized identities, I am particularly interested in working with others with similar identities including race, gender identity, sexual orientation, and beyond kink and vanilla practices. However, I love to meet and work with all.
I work collaboratively with my clients to establish their goals, their treatment plan, and how we will work together. One of my main priorities is to establish and maintain an environment conducive to your growth. I aim to make sessions productive through our strong relationship and treatment practices supported by research. As someone with marginalized identities, I am particularly interested in working with others with similar identities including race, gender identity, sexual orientation, and beyond kink and vanilla practices. However, I love to meet and work with all.
(612) 261-1746 View (612) 261-1746
Photo of Laura Cada, LPCC, Counselor
Laura Cada
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Maplewood, MN 55109
Laura is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the state of Minnesota. She received her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from University of Wisconsin La Crosse, as well as a Master of Arts in Counseling and Psychological Services from Saint Mary's University of Minnesota. Laura enjoys working with adults and adolescents. She has experience working in a state certified DBT program in an intensive outpatient setting as well as residential treatment for eating disorders. Laura brings a humanistic and person-centered approach to her practice. Laura is also trained in Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) to treat PTSD and phobias.
Laura is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the state of Minnesota. She received her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from University of Wisconsin La Crosse, as well as a Master of Arts in Counseling and Psychological Services from Saint Mary's University of Minnesota. Laura enjoys working with adults and adolescents. She has experience working in a state certified DBT program in an intensive outpatient setting as well as residential treatment for eating disorders. Laura brings a humanistic and person-centered approach to her practice. Laura is also trained in Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) to treat PTSD and phobias.
(651) 376-2981 View (651) 376-2981
Photo of Tasha Rischmiller, LPC, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tasha Rischmiller
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MN 55109  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
A typical client at Deep Roots Behavioral Health has a need for multifaceted and individualized care. We strive for an environment that feels safe and free of judgment so client can explore their mental health and move towards contentment. We treat a wide range of concerns ranging from adjustment disorder to complex PTSD.
A typical client at Deep Roots Behavioral Health has a need for multifaceted and individualized care. We strive for an environment that feels safe and free of judgment so client can explore their mental health and move towards contentment. We treat a wide range of concerns ranging from adjustment disorder to complex PTSD.
(970) 436-5755 View (970) 436-5755
Photo of Sam Weaver, LLMSW, LGSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sam Weaver
Pre-Licensed Professional, LLMSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Maplewood, MN 55109
Feeling different from the norm can bring both empowerment and challenge. Defying expectations around who you are or what you believe can be liberating and it can also be tough and exhausting. As a fat and queer white woman with an anti-oppressive trauma lens, I am committed to offering an affirming and compassionate therapy space where you can bring your whole self. We can talk honestly about what might be wrong, hard, out of balance, or unjust, because in this space there is nothing “wrong” with you or who you are.
Feeling different from the norm can bring both empowerment and challenge. Defying expectations around who you are or what you believe can be liberating and it can also be tough and exhausting. As a fat and queer white woman with an anti-oppressive trauma lens, I am committed to offering an affirming and compassionate therapy space where you can bring your whole self. We can talk honestly about what might be wrong, hard, out of balance, or unjust, because in this space there is nothing “wrong” with you or who you are.
(763) 363-5912 View (763) 363-5912
Photo of Lizzi Carlson, BS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lizzi Carlson
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MN 55109
Starting therapy is a brave step; the initial move to be seen and heard can be the hardest. It is my goal to offer support, empathy and understanding to individuals and couples seeking healing and growth. I am committed to creating a safe, nonjudgmental space where you can explore, grow, and become your best self. I specialize in supporting individuals through various life experiences. Whether you’re a part of the LGBTQ+ community, navigating relationships, dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, grief, addiction, mental health crises, self-esteem challenges, or body dysmorphia, I am here to listen, learn and support you.
Starting therapy is a brave step; the initial move to be seen and heard can be the hardest. It is my goal to offer support, empathy and understanding to individuals and couples seeking healing and growth. I am committed to creating a safe, nonjudgmental space where you can explore, grow, and become your best self. I specialize in supporting individuals through various life experiences. Whether you’re a part of the LGBTQ+ community, navigating relationships, dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, grief, addiction, mental health crises, self-esteem challenges, or body dysmorphia, I am here to listen, learn and support you.
(651) 571-8171 View (651) 571-8171
Photo of Noel Nix, BA, MURP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Noel Nix
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA, MURP
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MN 55109
Welcome! I'm Noel Nix, and I'm so glad you found my profile. Originally from Michigan, I have spent most of my life in Minnesota, where I've developed a deep appreciation for our diverse community. With over a decade of experience in local government leadership, I've embarked on a new journey in mental health to extend compassionate care to individuals and couples seeking healing and growth. My approach to counseling is rooted in person-centered, multicultural, feminist, and radical healing perspectives. I am dedicated to creating a safe, inclusive space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions without judgment or bias.
Welcome! I'm Noel Nix, and I'm so glad you found my profile. Originally from Michigan, I have spent most of my life in Minnesota, where I've developed a deep appreciation for our diverse community. With over a decade of experience in local government leadership, I've embarked on a new journey in mental health to extend compassionate care to individuals and couples seeking healing and growth. My approach to counseling is rooted in person-centered, multicultural, feminist, and radical healing perspectives. I am dedicated to creating a safe, inclusive space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions without judgment or bias.
(651) 381-4513 View (651) 381-4513
Photo of Jennifer Pinion, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jennifer Pinion
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MN 55109
Our St. Paul clinic has Immediate Openings for in person and virtual therapy and we'd love to help you. I oversee a team of experienced therapists who are eager to support you in your journey for better well-being. I offer free phone consultations to help you find the "right fit" of a therapist. I enjoy helping others find their inner strength to make lasting changes that bring them closer to the life they yearn for. I strive to make therapy a safe place to work through fears, self-doubt, hopelessness and anger, so that you can develop the skills and confidence needed to live authentically and engage in healthy relationships.
Our St. Paul clinic has Immediate Openings for in person and virtual therapy and we'd love to help you. I oversee a team of experienced therapists who are eager to support you in your journey for better well-being. I offer free phone consultations to help you find the "right fit" of a therapist. I enjoy helping others find their inner strength to make lasting changes that bring them closer to the life they yearn for. I strive to make therapy a safe place to work through fears, self-doubt, hopelessness and anger, so that you can develop the skills and confidence needed to live authentically and engage in healthy relationships.
(612) 255-5991 View (612) 255-5991
Photo of Seynab Hussein, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Seynab Hussein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MN 55109
I enjoy working with kids 3 and older and adults struggling with a variety of issues. Common issues kids have who come to therapy are: developmental issues, barriers to emotional expression, behavioral or communication issues at school, transitions, parenting relationships, peer relationships and family changes. Adults come in to address anxiety, depression, relationship issues, stress and trauma. My goal as a mental health therapist is to prioritize collaboration by providing guidance and support in a safe environment. I have been trained to do assessments for children 0-5 years old (DC 0-5 assessment).
I enjoy working with kids 3 and older and adults struggling with a variety of issues. Common issues kids have who come to therapy are: developmental issues, barriers to emotional expression, behavioral or communication issues at school, transitions, parenting relationships, peer relationships and family changes. Adults come in to address anxiety, depression, relationship issues, stress and trauma. My goal as a mental health therapist is to prioritize collaboration by providing guidance and support in a safe environment. I have been trained to do assessments for children 0-5 years old (DC 0-5 assessment).
(651) 615-3083 View (651) 615-3083
Photo of Eric Schuck, LPCC, Counselor
Eric Schuck
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Maplewood, MN 55109
I work with people experiencing a variety of symptoms and diagnoses including but not limited to anxiety, depressive, personality disorders, psychosis, life adjustments, teen challenges and men's issues. My goal is to provide a non-judgmental space for people to process difficult situations, identify adaptive ways to address symptoms and make change to behavior that aligns with their belief systems, which often results in increased life satisfaction. I specialize in helping people that feel stuck and helping them create a new path forward. I also do a lot of work with men's issues, relationship challenges and skill building.
I work with people experiencing a variety of symptoms and diagnoses including but not limited to anxiety, depressive, personality disorders, psychosis, life adjustments, teen challenges and men's issues. My goal is to provide a non-judgmental space for people to process difficult situations, identify adaptive ways to address symptoms and make change to behavior that aligns with their belief systems, which often results in increased life satisfaction. I specialize in helping people that feel stuck and helping them create a new path forward. I also do a lot of work with men's issues, relationship challenges and skill building.
(651) 564-9033 View (651) 564-9033
Photo of Traci Astrid Valentine - Valentine Counseling Services, LLC, MEd, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Valentine Counseling Services, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Maplewood, MN 55109
I provide a warm and supportive atmosphere where individuals can express their feelings, communicate their problems, and feel understood. I emphasize that when a client is living in a secure state of mind, they will be able to locate solutions to any problem. I recognize and encourage each individual to understand their innate potential for change and growth. The therapeutic process can be challenging and at times uncomfortable, but I will walk this journey with you, asking the hard questions, listening intently, and exploring perspectives. I hope that you will contact me when you are ready to venture into this wonderful new place.
I provide a warm and supportive atmosphere where individuals can express their feelings, communicate their problems, and feel understood. I emphasize that when a client is living in a secure state of mind, they will be able to locate solutions to any problem. I recognize and encourage each individual to understand their innate potential for change and growth. The therapeutic process can be challenging and at times uncomfortable, but I will walk this journey with you, asking the hard questions, listening intently, and exploring perspectives. I hope that you will contact me when you are ready to venture into this wonderful new place.
(651) 212-4638 View (651) 212-4638
Photo of Joel Schirvar, PsyD, Psychologist
Joel Schirvar
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MN 55109
Dr. Joel Schirvar is a Pediatric Neuropsychologist in Minnesota who has been practicing since 1995. He completed a Two-Year Fellowship in Pediatric Neuropsychology at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Neuropsychology Clinic, a Doctoral internship at Minneapolis Veterans Administration Medical Center, and a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) in Clinical Psychology with Child and Family specialty from Minnesota School of Professional Psychology.
Dr. Joel Schirvar is a Pediatric Neuropsychologist in Minnesota who has been practicing since 1995. He completed a Two-Year Fellowship in Pediatric Neuropsychology at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Neuropsychology Clinic, a Doctoral internship at Minneapolis Veterans Administration Medical Center, and a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) in Clinical Psychology with Child and Family specialty from Minnesota School of Professional Psychology.
(651) 383-1311 View (651) 383-1311
Photo of Kristen Kobinsky, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kristen Kobinsky
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Maplewood, MN 55109
I believe that everyone could use therapy at some point in their lives. Sometimes, the stressors in life become overwhelming enough that people feel stuck and need something to break the cycle. If you are someone that hopes to make emotional and cognitive growth in your life, I'd be happy to help you along that journey.
I believe that everyone could use therapy at some point in their lives. Sometimes, the stressors in life become overwhelming enough that people feel stuck and need something to break the cycle. If you are someone that hopes to make emotional and cognitive growth in your life, I'd be happy to help you along that journey.
(651) 615-2712 View (651) 615-2712
Photo of Diane L Hovey, PhD, LMFT, CPT, CSAT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Diane L Hovey
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CPT, CSAT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Maplewood, MN 55109
Waitlist for new clients
I work as your guide, assisting you in navigating and transforming tragedy, chaos, and challenges into possibility. When life-altering challenges impede your ability to navigate the uncertainties of life, I assist you in addressing the barriers that block your healing. I work with those who have experienced betrayal trauma, those who are struggling with problematic sexual behaviors, and those who are trying to make sense out of the senseless as you reshape and restructure your life. We all need help in moving past anxiety, depression, loss, and making mistakes, that impede our ability to live a healthy life of meaning and purpose.
I work as your guide, assisting you in navigating and transforming tragedy, chaos, and challenges into possibility. When life-altering challenges impede your ability to navigate the uncertainties of life, I assist you in addressing the barriers that block your healing. I work with those who have experienced betrayal trauma, those who are struggling with problematic sexual behaviors, and those who are trying to make sense out of the senseless as you reshape and restructure your life. We all need help in moving past anxiety, depression, loss, and making mistakes, that impede our ability to live a healthy life of meaning and purpose.
(651) 321-2481 View (651) 321-2481

See more therapy options for North Saint Paul

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in North Saint Paul, MN

< 10

Therapists in North Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Coping Skills
83% Relationship Issues
83% Family Conflict
67% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
100% Optum
80% UCare

How Therapists in North Saint Paul, MN see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

60% Male
40% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in North Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.