Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

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Photo of Rachel Amanda Freidus, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rachel Amanda Freidus
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and a Certified Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapist (Level 3), who cares deeply about helping people heal, become their best selves, achieve their goals and improve their relationships. I provide a safe, supportive and non-judgmental space, where you will feel heard, seen and accepted. As your therapist, I will collaborate with you in the work that we do together.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and a Certified Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapist (Level 3), who cares deeply about helping people heal, become their best selves, achieve their goals and improve their relationships. I provide a safe, supportive and non-judgmental space, where you will feel heard, seen and accepted. As your therapist, I will collaborate with you in the work that we do together.
(480) 666-8539 View (480) 666-8539
Photo of Jodi Peary, PhD, JD
Jodi Peary
PhD, JD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I will help you heal, create change and gain awareness on multiple levels, including body, mind, & spirit. One specialty arises from my formerly being a family lawyer. From the intersection of law & psychology, we assess the legal, emotional, spiritual, & financial aspects of conflict during/after marriage to chart a path toward the good life you deserve whether by strengthening marriage, proceeding to divorce, or post-divorce, I will be by your side. I am also a certified transpersonal clinical hypnotherapist. My client centered approach supports bridging body, mind, and spirit to achieve life changing and enhancing results.
I will help you heal, create change and gain awareness on multiple levels, including body, mind, & spirit. One specialty arises from my formerly being a family lawyer. From the intersection of law & psychology, we assess the legal, emotional, spiritual, & financial aspects of conflict during/after marriage to chart a path toward the good life you deserve whether by strengthening marriage, proceeding to divorce, or post-divorce, I will be by your side. I am also a certified transpersonal clinical hypnotherapist. My client centered approach supports bridging body, mind, and spirit to achieve life changing and enhancing results.
(602) 461-8578 View (602) 461-8578
Richard Zelhof
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85262  (Online Only)
I have been fortunate to be asked by people of all backgrounds and ages to work with them in psychotherapy. For some people, there is an urgent need to tell someone they trust about their untold conflicts and fears, as well as their aspirations. For others, psychotherapy is a necessary vehicle to re-establish and/or maintain inner peace and stability. Psychotherapy begins with a clear understanding of what is most important to that person and helping them achieve it.
I have been fortunate to be asked by people of all backgrounds and ages to work with them in psychotherapy. For some people, there is an urgent need to tell someone they trust about their untold conflicts and fears, as well as their aspirations. For others, psychotherapy is a necessary vehicle to re-establish and/or maintain inner peace and stability. Psychotherapy begins with a clear understanding of what is most important to that person and helping them achieve it.
(623) 304-5963 View (623) 304-5963
Photo of Stacey Bruen, MC, NCC, LPC, BCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stacey Bruen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, NCC, LPC, BCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Therapy has the ability to allow one to process, grow, and heal. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who is also Nationally and Board Certified. I have been in private practice for over 20 years where I focus on individual, child/teen, family, and couples counseling. An eclectic approach to therapy is utilized and geared towards self-improvement/personal growth through challenging and often tragic times. Therapeutic techniques and interventions are diverse in nature (CBT, DBT, EMDR, client centered, etc.) that specifically cater towards each individual, couple, or family.
Therapy has the ability to allow one to process, grow, and heal. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who is also Nationally and Board Certified. I have been in private practice for over 20 years where I focus on individual, child/teen, family, and couples counseling. An eclectic approach to therapy is utilized and geared towards self-improvement/personal growth through challenging and often tragic times. Therapeutic techniques and interventions are diverse in nature (CBT, DBT, EMDR, client centered, etc.) that specifically cater towards each individual, couple, or family.
(480) 660-0920 View (480) 660-0920
Photo of Bobbe Mcginley, MA, MBA, LISAC, CADAC , SAP, NCGCII, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Bobbe Mcginley
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, MBA, LISAC, CADAC , SAP, NCGCII
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
I came to Arizona in 1989 after completing the Hazelden 55-week counselor training program,and have been working with adult addicts, alcoholics and their affected persons since then. I also work with couples and families and use my counseling, mediation and coaching skills as needed. I am Masters level and received an MBA to open my licensed agency.
I came to Arizona in 1989 after completing the Hazelden 55-week counselor training program,and have been working with adult addicts, alcoholics and their affected persons since then. I also work with couples and families and use my counseling, mediation and coaching skills as needed. I am Masters level and received an MBA to open my licensed agency.
(602) 714-3912 View (602) 714-3912
Photo of Melissa Thornburg, MA, LPC, ASAT, RYT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa Thornburg
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ASAT, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
As a Therapist in long term recovery from both substance and process addictions, I've received support from some very special humans who've lit the way for me to peer into the areas of my path that were either blind spots or I just couldn't see from an objective perspective (yet). After a career in corporate development, I'm grateful to have transitioned to providing the work that's helped me come to terms with life and my place in it; work that feeds my soul and shines the light on those dark places so many of us are challenged to venture into alone. Together, we can explore and make meaning of what's happened to you.
As a Therapist in long term recovery from both substance and process addictions, I've received support from some very special humans who've lit the way for me to peer into the areas of my path that were either blind spots or I just couldn't see from an objective perspective (yet). After a career in corporate development, I'm grateful to have transitioned to providing the work that's helped me come to terms with life and my place in it; work that feeds my soul and shines the light on those dark places so many of us are challenged to venture into alone. Together, we can explore and make meaning of what's happened to you.
(480) 470-7167 View (480) 470-7167
Photo of Lucy Guadalupe, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Lucy Guadalupe
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
I work hands on with a diverse population with various presenting concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, family conflict, infidelity, grief, co-parenting, mood management, LGBTQ, sexual abuse, life transitions, and more. I ensure providing a safe space for my clients so working towards the best version of themselves and their goals feels comfortable and achievable. My approach is collaborative with all clients and all presenting concerns. I believe that each client has their own unique story and I want to validate this story and healing.
I work hands on with a diverse population with various presenting concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, family conflict, infidelity, grief, co-parenting, mood management, LGBTQ, sexual abuse, life transitions, and more. I ensure providing a safe space for my clients so working towards the best version of themselves and their goals feels comfortable and achievable. My approach is collaborative with all clients and all presenting concerns. I believe that each client has their own unique story and I want to validate this story and healing.
(480) 605-2564 View (480) 605-2564
Photo of Deborah Stelzleni, MACP, LPC, CSAT, CMAT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deborah Stelzleni
Licensed Professional Counselor, MACP, LPC, CSAT, CMAT
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
Choosing a therapist can be a daunting task. My goal at Epiphany Counseling is to make that choice easier by creating the empathy, nurturance and safety that allows you to freely explore the life situation that brings you to therapy. In that environment, I aim to help you experience a healing process that will restore hope, health and vitality to your life. I believe that almost all of us have the organic capacity to heal and fulfill our potential, but that past experiences have taught us dysfunctional ways to cope. The goal of therapy is to learn new ways of being so that we attain greater health, peace of mind and joy.
Choosing a therapist can be a daunting task. My goal at Epiphany Counseling is to make that choice easier by creating the empathy, nurturance and safety that allows you to freely explore the life situation that brings you to therapy. In that environment, I aim to help you experience a healing process that will restore hope, health and vitality to your life. I believe that almost all of us have the organic capacity to heal and fulfill our potential, but that past experiences have taught us dysfunctional ways to cope. The goal of therapy is to learn new ways of being so that we attain greater health, peace of mind and joy.
(623) 267-9210 View (623) 267-9210
Photo of Kathleen Donaghy, PhD, Psychologist
Kathleen Donaghy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Dr. Donaghy is a licensed psychologist providing psychotherapy and hypnosis for adults and children who present with a variety of issues. She has specialized training in conflict management, cancer, pain, disabilities, medical concerns, wellness, and medication management. She also treats depression, grief, anxiety, anger, and relationship problems. Her approach to therapy is based on extensive training, research, and publications. She offers individualized treatment for each patient, and integrates their spirituality/philosophy into the sessions as a means of strengthening existing resources.
Dr. Donaghy is a licensed psychologist providing psychotherapy and hypnosis for adults and children who present with a variety of issues. She has specialized training in conflict management, cancer, pain, disabilities, medical concerns, wellness, and medication management. She also treats depression, grief, anxiety, anger, and relationship problems. Her approach to therapy is based on extensive training, research, and publications. She offers individualized treatment for each patient, and integrates their spirituality/philosophy into the sessions as a means of strengthening existing resources.
(480) 788-0957 View (480) 788-0957
Photo of Shannon O'Grady, PhD, LMFT, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shannon O'Grady
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
My therapy practice is dedicated to helping TEENS, COLLEGE AGE STUDENTS and YOUNG ADULTS through challenging times in their lives. This stage in life is such an important time in one’s development and it is easy to become overwhelmed, anxious, and depressed with all that life is throwing at you. I have worked with teens and young adults for over twenty years, and now as a trauma therapist I find there is a greater need than ever to give teens and young adults the coping skills needed to deal with the challenges and stressors they are facing on a daily basis. Some of my brightest young clients feel they are 'not good enough.'
My therapy practice is dedicated to helping TEENS, COLLEGE AGE STUDENTS and YOUNG ADULTS through challenging times in their lives. This stage in life is such an important time in one’s development and it is easy to become overwhelmed, anxious, and depressed with all that life is throwing at you. I have worked with teens and young adults for over twenty years, and now as a trauma therapist I find there is a greater need than ever to give teens and young adults the coping skills needed to deal with the challenges and stressors they are facing on a daily basis. Some of my brightest young clients feel they are 'not good enough.'
(520) 214-9292 View (520) 214-9292
Photo of Andrea Menhennet, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Andrea Menhennet
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
I provide a caring and safe environment for clients experiencing difficulty in their relationships (romantic/family/friendships), life transitions, trauma, and any stress causing clients a disturbance. I view problems from a systems approach and study interactional and communication breakdowns. Emotional problems derive from faulty patterns in early life and often compound in severity. What makes my practice unique is how I navigate the mind/body/energy connection. Using all the modalities I’ve learned produces an effective treatment plan to work on your mental health.
I provide a caring and safe environment for clients experiencing difficulty in their relationships (romantic/family/friendships), life transitions, trauma, and any stress causing clients a disturbance. I view problems from a systems approach and study interactional and communication breakdowns. Emotional problems derive from faulty patterns in early life and often compound in severity. What makes my practice unique is how I navigate the mind/body/energy connection. Using all the modalities I’ve learned produces an effective treatment plan to work on your mental health.
(623) 292-4962 View (623) 292-4962
Photo of Brandi Mott, MA, LPC, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brandi Mott
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
You may be struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, grief, history of trauma, and other issues. You may have tried other therapies or attempted self-help but are still struggling. You would like to believe that something could help. Let's meet for a consultation, measure your comfort level, and discuss your goals.
You may be struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, grief, history of trauma, and other issues. You may have tried other therapies or attempted self-help but are still struggling. You would like to believe that something could help. Let's meet for a consultation, measure your comfort level, and discuss your goals.
(480) 405-7044 View (480) 405-7044
Photo of Jamie N. Katz - Katz Psychological Services, PLLC, MA, PsyD, Psychologist
Katz Psychological Services, PLLC
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Jamie N. Katz, PsyD is a licensed Clinical Psychologist providing individual therapy to children, adolescents, and adults. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery, and in my sessions I promote behavioral transformation by encouraging a positive outlook and the adoption of new attitudes and reactions. I have the tools and professional experience to help you or your child get back on track.
Jamie N. Katz, PsyD is a licensed Clinical Psychologist providing individual therapy to children, adolescents, and adults. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery, and in my sessions I promote behavioral transformation by encouraging a positive outlook and the adoption of new attitudes and reactions. I have the tools and professional experience to help you or your child get back on track.
(480) 766-3470 View (480) 766-3470
Photo of Tania Dow, LMFT, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tania Dow
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85255
I believe every person is unique and has their own story. I feel honored that I have been selected to share their story and to be a part of their healing journey. With compassion, kindness, non-judgment, and support, I help my clients make sense of their major life events so they take the next steps in their lives. It is a great privilege to see my clients gain insight into their lives, manage their difficulties more effectively, make positive changes, increase awareness, and improve themselves. I look forward to meeting you and participating in your healing experience.
I believe every person is unique and has their own story. I feel honored that I have been selected to share their story and to be a part of their healing journey. With compassion, kindness, non-judgment, and support, I help my clients make sense of their major life events so they take the next steps in their lives. It is a great privilege to see my clients gain insight into their lives, manage their difficulties more effectively, make positive changes, increase awareness, and improve themselves. I look forward to meeting you and participating in your healing experience.
(480) 386-1741 View (480) 386-1741
Photo of Jef Gazley, MS, LMFT, LPC, LISAC, DCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jef Gazley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPC, LISAC, DCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
I have practiced counseling for over 50 years, specializing in ADD, Love addiction, Hypnotherapy, Relationships, Dysfunctional Families, Codependency, and Trauma Issues. I am a trained counselor in EMDR, NET, TFT, and Applied Kinesiology. I received my Counseling degree from the University of Oregon. I am State Licensed in General Counseling, Marriage/Family, & Chemical Dependency. I am the owner of www.asktheinternettherapist.com, & www.energypsychologytherapy.com where I offer a complete list of mental health videos, dvds, hypnotic tapes & cds, & self-help books. I also developed a patented natural supplement , ADD-care, for ADD.
I have practiced counseling for over 50 years, specializing in ADD, Love addiction, Hypnotherapy, Relationships, Dysfunctional Families, Codependency, and Trauma Issues. I am a trained counselor in EMDR, NET, TFT, and Applied Kinesiology. I received my Counseling degree from the University of Oregon. I am State Licensed in General Counseling, Marriage/Family, & Chemical Dependency. I am the owner of www.asktheinternettherapist.com, & www.energypsychologytherapy.com where I offer a complete list of mental health videos, dvds, hypnotic tapes & cds, & self-help books. I also developed a patented natural supplement , ADD-care, for ADD.
(480) 630-4897 View (480) 630-4897
Photo of Janet Ellis, CLC
Janet Ellis
CLC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Transformational Life Coach, Life coaching, Hypnotherapy, and EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique) are some of the best tools you can use to accomplish a healthy understanding of yourself and bring about change that enhances the potential for success and happiness. Hypnotherapy is a dynamic tool that offers the opportunity to create a healthy balance of mind, body and spirit. Through the process of relaxation you increase your awareness, allowing you to bring clarity and solutions to your own unique situations.
Transformational Life Coach, Life coaching, Hypnotherapy, and EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique) are some of the best tools you can use to accomplish a healthy understanding of yourself and bring about change that enhances the potential for success and happiness. Hypnotherapy is a dynamic tool that offers the opportunity to create a healthy balance of mind, body and spirit. Through the process of relaxation you increase your awareness, allowing you to bring clarity and solutions to your own unique situations.
(520) 226-4473 View (520) 226-4473
Photo of Mia S Elwood - Healthy Futures, MSW, LCSW, SEP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Healthy Futures
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Healthy Futures cures eating issues. Whether you struggle with bulimia or anorexia, to binge eating, we have a team of caring professionals to help lead you to a Healthy Future.
Healthy Futures cures eating issues. Whether you struggle with bulimia or anorexia, to binge eating, we have a team of caring professionals to help lead you to a Healthy Future.
(480) 451-8500 View (480) 451-8500
Photo of Diana Cofsky, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Diana Cofsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85253
I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years. I am a lifelong resident of South Jersey and obtained my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia.
I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years. I am a lifelong resident of South Jersey and obtained my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia.
(623) 292-4160 View (623) 292-4160
Photo of Michael Owens, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Owens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
Over the years I have worked with so many people who come to the work unhappy with some part of their lives, looking for an avenue to a better life, and not entirely sure how to get there. Maybe you are struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, trauma, or an addiction. The inspiration I derive from this work comes from the endless wonder found discovering latent possibilities that might not be apparent at first but, with exploration, turn into paths of personal growth and fulfillment. I am always surprised by the unexpected gems found on the path.
Over the years I have worked with so many people who come to the work unhappy with some part of their lives, looking for an avenue to a better life, and not entirely sure how to get there. Maybe you are struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, trauma, or an addiction. The inspiration I derive from this work comes from the endless wonder found discovering latent possibilities that might not be apparent at first but, with exploration, turn into paths of personal growth and fulfillment. I am always surprised by the unexpected gems found on the path.
(802) 402-4634 View (802) 402-4634
Photo of D.j. Diebold, CAC, LISAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
D.j. Diebold
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CAC, LISAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
I consider myself to be half street and half academia. And I always ask the question, Are you sick and tired of being sick and tired? Addiction is like a deep, dark hole that seemingly has no way out. This is my specialty and I am very skilled at it. I consider myself half "Street" and half academia. Please go to www.dieboldbehavioralcounseling.com for a more detailed biography. The healing begins with a phone call. It can be scary after we've been hurt and lost, but the way back home is always worth the effort. I'm always amazed at the courage of my clients.
I consider myself to be half street and half academia. And I always ask the question, Are you sick and tired of being sick and tired? Addiction is like a deep, dark hole that seemingly has no way out. This is my specialty and I am very skilled at it. I consider myself half "Street" and half academia. Please go to www.dieboldbehavioralcounseling.com for a more detailed biography. The healing begins with a phone call. It can be scary after we've been hurt and lost, but the way back home is always worth the effort. I'm always amazed at the courage of my clients.
(480) 646-4697 View (480) 646-4697
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
70% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scottsdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.