Therapists in Mesa, AZ

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Photo of Maricela Michelle Smith, Psychologist, PsyD
Maricela Michelle Smith
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85206
Hi, my name is Dr. Maricela Smith and I am a bilingual (i.e., English and Spanish) licensed psychologist in Arizona and Utah. I specialize in working with patients diagnosed with a serious mental illness and/or part of the general mental health population. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families. My ideal patient would be someone ready to make changes in their life. Seeing personal growth and aiding in other's progress makes my job enjoyable and rewarding. I strive to help my patients through difficult times, be there as a support, help them shrug off the necessary mistakes, and celebrate their successes.
Hi, my name is Dr. Maricela Smith and I am a bilingual (i.e., English and Spanish) licensed psychologist in Arizona and Utah. I specialize in working with patients diagnosed with a serious mental illness and/or part of the general mental health population. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families. My ideal patient would be someone ready to make changes in their life. Seeing personal growth and aiding in other's progress makes my job enjoyable and rewarding. I strive to help my patients through difficult times, be there as a support, help them shrug off the necessary mistakes, and celebrate their successes.
(928) 916-6197 View (928) 916-6197
Photo of Jamie Abbitt, LCSW
Jamie Abbitt
Verified Verified
Mesa, AZ 85201
Some of the most significant, life changing moments are jumpstarted in the course of a conversation. Feeling heard and felt opens the door to possibilities. The possibility of healing, more freedom, a deeper sense of peace, feeling more grounded and safe can encourage a person to make the changes that they want to make. This has been Jamie’s experience in her own life as well as through the training she received and the counseling she has done thus far. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relational conflict, thoughts of wanting to die, or feeling worthless; I'd like to help.
Some of the most significant, life changing moments are jumpstarted in the course of a conversation. Feeling heard and felt opens the door to possibilities. The possibility of healing, more freedom, a deeper sense of peace, feeling more grounded and safe can encourage a person to make the changes that they want to make. This has been Jamie’s experience in her own life as well as through the training she received and the counseling she has done thus far. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relational conflict, thoughts of wanting to die, or feeling worthless; I'd like to help.
(602) 345-1968 View (602) 345-1968
Photo of Andi Young, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Andi Young
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mesa, AZ 85210
Waitlist for new clients
I am an LGBTQ-affirming and Health at Every Size (HAES) therapist who enjoys helping teens (age 16 and up) and adults have the confidence to live their full, true, authentic lives. Together we can explore the challenges in your life while maintaining a safe space for change and growth. Please note: I am accepting new clients for in-person sessions only at this time.
I am an LGBTQ-affirming and Health at Every Size (HAES) therapist who enjoys helping teens (age 16 and up) and adults have the confidence to live their full, true, authentic lives. Together we can explore the challenges in your life while maintaining a safe space for change and growth. Please note: I am accepting new clients for in-person sessions only at this time.
(480) 613-8640 View (480) 613-8640
Photo of Carolyn Hedden - Arizona Relationship Institute, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, BHT
Arizona Relationship Institute
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, BHT
Mesa, AZ 85207
Helping children, teens, and families heal, grow, and thrive. I specialize in EMDR for trauma, anxiety, and depression, and use art, music, and proven strategies to make therapy engaging and effective. With 6 years of experience and a master’s in social work, I create a warm, supportive space where lasting change happens. Let’s unlock your child’s full potential—together.
Helping children, teens, and families heal, grow, and thrive. I specialize in EMDR for trauma, anxiety, and depression, and use art, music, and proven strategies to make therapy engaging and effective. With 6 years of experience and a master’s in social work, I create a warm, supportive space where lasting change happens. Let’s unlock your child’s full potential—together.
(928) 437-0261 View (928) 437-0261
Photo of Dr. Cassandra Rausch-Todd, Licensed Master Social Worker, PhD, LMSW
Dr. Cassandra Rausch-Todd
Licensed Master Social Worker, PhD, LMSW
Mesa, AZ 85210
At TrueNorth Therapy, PLLC, we will work together to help you find your direction and live your truth. You are not defined by your pain, your loss, or your past. You are defined by resilience and the direction you choose to take next! I am a Licensed Master Social Worker in the State of Arizona with 7 years of experience working with individuals struggling with mental health and substance use issues. In my free time, I am a Rock Climber, Mountaineer, Trail Runner, and Hiker. TrueNorth Therapy, PLLC is a supervised private practice. The Board-approved clinical supervisor of this practice is Jacqueline Munoz, LCSW at (323)490-6350.
At TrueNorth Therapy, PLLC, we will work together to help you find your direction and live your truth. You are not defined by your pain, your loss, or your past. You are defined by resilience and the direction you choose to take next! I am a Licensed Master Social Worker in the State of Arizona with 7 years of experience working with individuals struggling with mental health and substance use issues. In my free time, I am a Rock Climber, Mountaineer, Trail Runner, and Hiker. TrueNorth Therapy, PLLC is a supervised private practice. The Board-approved clinical supervisor of this practice is Jacqueline Munoz, LCSW at (323)490-6350.
(928) 977-9532 View (928) 977-9532
Photo of Dr. Everett Bailey, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
Dr. Everett Bailey
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
15 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85204
I have a PhD and almost 30 yrs experience working with clients. I have advanced training in EFT and Gottman Therapy. I also draw on 35 yrs of experience being married. All couples have conflicts. The difference is happy couples have a way to resolve and repair issues. I specialize in helping couples develop that repair process. When many couples argue they end up feeling more frustrated, distant, and dissatisfied in their relationship instead of feeling close and connected. Eventually they stop talking to avoid fighting and grow apart. I help couples who are stuck find a way to experience the love and closeness they desire.
I have a PhD and almost 30 yrs experience working with clients. I have advanced training in EFT and Gottman Therapy. I also draw on 35 yrs of experience being married. All couples have conflicts. The difference is happy couples have a way to resolve and repair issues. I specialize in helping couples develop that repair process. When many couples argue they end up feeling more frustrated, distant, and dissatisfied in their relationship instead of feeling close and connected. Eventually they stop talking to avoid fighting and grow apart. I help couples who are stuck find a way to experience the love and closeness they desire.
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Photo of Stephanie Tomaszewski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Stephanie Tomaszewski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mesa, AZ 85212
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in working with children ages birth-5 and their families.  I have extensive experience in counseling children struggling with anxiety, selective mutism, separation anxiety, impulse control, attention regulation, anger management, developmental delays and disabilities, trauma, family conflict, and more.  I offer individual counseling for children, social-emotional skills group counseling for children, parent counseling, parenting skills group counseling, and family counseling.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in working with children ages birth-5 and their families.  I have extensive experience in counseling children struggling with anxiety, selective mutism, separation anxiety, impulse control, attention regulation, anger management, developmental delays and disabilities, trauma, family conflict, and more.  I offer individual counseling for children, social-emotional skills group counseling for children, parent counseling, parenting skills group counseling, and family counseling.
(480) 841-9451 View (480) 841-9451
Photo of Rye Solaire, Counselor, MA, LAC, NCC
Rye Solaire
Counselor, MA, LAC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85210
Taking the first step to reach out for help is a courageous act, and I honor you for being here. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure of where to begin, you don’t have to navigate this journey alone. My work as a therapist is deeply rooted in empathy, compassion, and understanding. Together, we will create a safe space where you can explore your emotions, heal from past wounds, and begin to find peace within yourself. Whether you’re carrying the weight of trauma, struggling with anxiety or depression, or looking to better understand yourself, I’m here to support you with compassion and kindness.
Taking the first step to reach out for help is a courageous act, and I honor you for being here. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure of where to begin, you don’t have to navigate this journey alone. My work as a therapist is deeply rooted in empathy, compassion, and understanding. Together, we will create a safe space where you can explore your emotions, heal from past wounds, and begin to find peace within yourself. Whether you’re carrying the weight of trauma, struggling with anxiety or depression, or looking to better understand yourself, I’m here to support you with compassion and kindness.
(928) 249-8831 View (928) 249-8831
Photo of Curtis Walling, Psychologist, PhD
Curtis Walling
Psychologist, PhD
Mesa, AZ 85210
Dr. Walling’s career as a psychologist has been a singular devotion to the creation of the Valley’s first-ever successful outpatient counseling program for substance use in teenagers. Dr. Walling’s Adolescent Substance Abuse Program (“ASAP”) is laser-focused on assisting parents in the pursuit of a sober lifestyle for their teen. Dr. Walling created his ASAP Program back in 1991 specifically to support, assist and train parents as no Program has before or since. In his ASAP Program parents are provided the resources, tools, training and knowledge they need to manage their teen’s substance use and begin to heal the family.
Dr. Walling’s career as a psychologist has been a singular devotion to the creation of the Valley’s first-ever successful outpatient counseling program for substance use in teenagers. Dr. Walling’s Adolescent Substance Abuse Program (“ASAP”) is laser-focused on assisting parents in the pursuit of a sober lifestyle for their teen. Dr. Walling created his ASAP Program back in 1991 specifically to support, assist and train parents as no Program has before or since. In his ASAP Program parents are provided the resources, tools, training and knowledge they need to manage their teen’s substance use and begin to heal the family.
(623) 292-4912 View (623) 292-4912
Photo of Alexandrea Briand Oviatt, Counselor, MS, LAC
Alexandrea Briand Oviatt
Counselor, MS, LAC
Mesa, AZ 85207
I’m Alexandrea Oviatt, MS, LAC, a trauma-informed therapist specializing in Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) and EMDR for individuals and couples navigating trauma, relationship conflict, sexual dysfunction, and addiction. My approach blends tenderness, curiosity, and evidence-based techniques to help clients build emotional safety, deepen connection, and rediscover balance within themselves and their relationships. Together, we’ll create a space where genuine healing and transformation can take root.
I’m Alexandrea Oviatt, MS, LAC, a trauma-informed therapist specializing in Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) and EMDR for individuals and couples navigating trauma, relationship conflict, sexual dysfunction, and addiction. My approach blends tenderness, curiosity, and evidence-based techniques to help clients build emotional safety, deepen connection, and rediscover balance within themselves and their relationships. Together, we’ll create a space where genuine healing and transformation can take root.
(602) 609-6392 View (602) 609-6392
Photo of Shilo Richins, Counselor, LPC, CSAT
Shilo Richins
Counselor, LPC, CSAT
3 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85209
I am accepting new clients. In addition to working with clients who experience anxiety and depression, I am a CSAT (Certified Sex Addiction Therapist) which means I work with those suffering from a sexual addiction or compulsion and I also work with their partners who may be experiencing betrayal. I am trained in EMDR, in Sandtray Therapy, in art therapy and in EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples). I work with individuals ages 16 and up and with couples.
I am accepting new clients. In addition to working with clients who experience anxiety and depression, I am a CSAT (Certified Sex Addiction Therapist) which means I work with those suffering from a sexual addiction or compulsion and I also work with their partners who may be experiencing betrayal. I am trained in EMDR, in Sandtray Therapy, in art therapy and in EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples). I work with individuals ages 16 and up and with couples.
(480) 210-2151 View (480) 210-2151
Photo of Bethany Gardner-Blue, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MAS-MFT, LAMFT
Bethany Gardner-Blue
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MAS-MFT, LAMFT
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
You love each other, but damn, something’s off. You’re stuck in loops of miscommunication, mismatched desire, or unresolved resentment. The spark is flickering, the intimacy feels forced (or gone), and conversations turn into landmines. You want to fight less, connect more, and have sex that doesn’t feel like a chore or a mystery. My clients crave deeper connection and real honesty both in and out of the bedroom. They’re ready to stop pretending and start getting curious about what’s really showing up in their relationship.
You love each other, but damn, something’s off. You’re stuck in loops of miscommunication, mismatched desire, or unresolved resentment. The spark is flickering, the intimacy feels forced (or gone), and conversations turn into landmines. You want to fight less, connect more, and have sex that doesn’t feel like a chore or a mystery. My clients crave deeper connection and real honesty both in and out of the bedroom. They’re ready to stop pretending and start getting curious about what’s really showing up in their relationship.
(480) 568-2229 View (480) 568-2229
Photo of Rachel P Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Rachel P Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
2 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85210
Hi All! I am a passionate and empathetic licensed therapist with over 10 years of counseling experience for children, teenagers, adults and families. Being open and vulnerable is a huge step into your healing journey and I love being a guide to help.I help my clients with a variety of challenges such as generalized anxiety, OCD, social anxiety, depression, self-injurious behaviors, gender identity, trauma, anger, self- esteem, grief & loss, life stressors, family and relationship issues including family of origin/generational trauma issues, life changes, pre/post partum mental health issues and eating disorders. I am a LGBTQIA ally.
Hi All! I am a passionate and empathetic licensed therapist with over 10 years of counseling experience for children, teenagers, adults and families. Being open and vulnerable is a huge step into your healing journey and I love being a guide to help.I help my clients with a variety of challenges such as generalized anxiety, OCD, social anxiety, depression, self-injurious behaviors, gender identity, trauma, anger, self- esteem, grief & loss, life stressors, family and relationship issues including family of origin/generational trauma issues, life changes, pre/post partum mental health issues and eating disorders. I am a LGBTQIA ally.
(480) 741-3254 View (480) 741-3254
Photo of Emily Cowley, Pre-Licensed Professional
Emily Cowley
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85204
My goal as a professional is to approach each client with empathy, compassion, kindness, patience, and understanding. I value the uniqueness of each client and desire to approach each session with care and intention. I want you to feel heard and validated.
My goal as a professional is to approach each client with empathy, compassion, kindness, patience, and understanding. I value the uniqueness of each client and desire to approach each session with care and intention. I want you to feel heard and validated.
(928) 484-1201 View (928) 484-1201
Photo of Tyler C Maxson, Psychologist, PsyD
Tyler C Maxson
Psychologist, PsyD
Mesa, AZ 85213
You're doing everything you can to keep life running smoothly—caring for others, managing responsibilities, showing up when needed. But lately, you've noticed something: no matter how much you give, you don’t feel like you're getting the same in return. Maybe you feel unseen, stuck in patterns you never realized were there. You're starting to wonder: Is there another way? Therapy isn’t just about fixing what’s broken—it’s about recognizing these patterns, understanding yourself more deeply, and making choices that align with the life you truly want.
You're doing everything you can to keep life running smoothly—caring for others, managing responsibilities, showing up when needed. But lately, you've noticed something: no matter how much you give, you don’t feel like you're getting the same in return. Maybe you feel unseen, stuck in patterns you never realized were there. You're starting to wonder: Is there another way? Therapy isn’t just about fixing what’s broken—it’s about recognizing these patterns, understanding yourself more deeply, and making choices that align with the life you truly want.
(480) 568-3621 View (480) 568-3621
Photo of Tara L Chase, Counselor, LAC, MS, NCC, PLC
Tara L Chase
Counselor, LAC, MS, NCC, PLC
Mesa, AZ 85204
I firmly believe that every individual's journey is unique, and I approach each client with an open heart and a non-judgmental attitude. Recognizing the courage it takes to seek help and embark on the path of healing, I strive to foster a personal connection with each individual, ensuring that they feel seen, heard, and valued. By building this trust and rapport, I aim to create a therapeutic alliance that serves as the foundation for meaningful progress and positive change. My desire as a counselor is rooted in empathy, compassion, and a commitment to providing personalized care for those facing mental health and addiction issues.
I firmly believe that every individual's journey is unique, and I approach each client with an open heart and a non-judgmental attitude. Recognizing the courage it takes to seek help and embark on the path of healing, I strive to foster a personal connection with each individual, ensuring that they feel seen, heard, and valued. By building this trust and rapport, I aim to create a therapeutic alliance that serves as the foundation for meaningful progress and positive change. My desire as a counselor is rooted in empathy, compassion, and a commitment to providing personalized care for those facing mental health and addiction issues.
(480) 937-2838 View (480) 937-2838
Photo of Jody Pratt, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jody Pratt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Welcome! My name is Jody Pratt and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 14 years of experience. I typically work with individuals who report anxiety, depression or trauma. I also work with couples who are having difficulty resolving conflict, experienced trauma, or are struggling to connect. My approach to therapy is holistic and systemic . That means I see you as a human being with many dimensions who comes from a unique historical context and currently lives in a complex situation.
Welcome! My name is Jody Pratt and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 14 years of experience. I typically work with individuals who report anxiety, depression or trauma. I also work with couples who are having difficulty resolving conflict, experienced trauma, or are struggling to connect. My approach to therapy is holistic and systemic . That means I see you as a human being with many dimensions who comes from a unique historical context and currently lives in a complex situation.
(657) 255-6437 View (657) 255-6437
Photo of Michelle Rosensteel, Marriage & Family Therapist, MSMFT, LMFT
Michelle Rosensteel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSMFT, LMFT
Mesa, AZ 85202
Feeling stuck in your relationship or struggling with difficult emotions? Whether you're facing challenges with communication, boundaries, self-esteem, or past hurts, I offer a safe and supportive space to explore your concerns and find a path towards deeper happiness and fulfillment.
Feeling stuck in your relationship or struggling with difficult emotions? Whether you're facing challenges with communication, boundaries, self-esteem, or past hurts, I offer a safe and supportive space to explore your concerns and find a path towards deeper happiness and fulfillment.
(928) 968-6723 View (928) 968-6723
Photo of Laura Fontaine, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LISAC, LPC
Laura Fontaine
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LISAC, LPC
2 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85210
I am a counselor with 15 years of experience. I work with adults and adolescents (ages 13+). My clients are generally struggling with difficult life experiences such as abuse and trauma and are seeking new ways to cope with the challenges of their past and present lives. I assist them in getting to the root of their problems that have resulted in substance use, grief, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem so they can begin to heal from their past. My clients play an active role in their own recovery and their collaboration is vital to creating their plan to wellness.
I am a counselor with 15 years of experience. I work with adults and adolescents (ages 13+). My clients are generally struggling with difficult life experiences such as abuse and trauma and are seeking new ways to cope with the challenges of their past and present lives. I assist them in getting to the root of their problems that have resulted in substance use, grief, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem so they can begin to heal from their past. My clients play an active role in their own recovery and their collaboration is vital to creating their plan to wellness.
(480) 418-0358 View (480) 418-0358
Photo of Jennifer Redwitz, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPCC
Jennifer Redwitz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPCC
1 Endorsed
Mesa, AZ 85207
Welcome to my profile! I'm glad you found me. I offer unique services for adults, couples, and kids who feel stuck, hopeless, or overwhelmed. My office is a safe, judgment-free, and welcoming place for diverse clients, couples, and families. You can expect to be seen, understood, and accepted here. My goal is to help clients see the best in themselves and their children, create deeply connected and authentic experiences, grow and heal in new ways, and create the life and the relationships that they've always wanted.
Welcome to my profile! I'm glad you found me. I offer unique services for adults, couples, and kids who feel stuck, hopeless, or overwhelmed. My office is a safe, judgment-free, and welcoming place for diverse clients, couples, and families. You can expect to be seen, understood, and accepted here. My goal is to help clients see the best in themselves and their children, create deeply connected and authentic experiences, grow and heal in new ways, and create the life and the relationships that they've always wanted.
(928) 569-8180 View (928) 569-8180

See more therapy options for Mesa

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Mesa, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Mesa, AZ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
67% Relationship Issues
67% Self Esteem
62% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% Aetna
79% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Mesa, AZ see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Mesa?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.