Therapists in Portland, OR

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Photo of Jorjan Parker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Jorjan Parker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97210
What brings you to think of talking to someone, may have to do with personal or work relationships, with past or present trauma, with serious losses, and/or may be psychological in nature. Inner or outer obstacles may be shutting down access to inner resources and clarity, and, possibly, hope. Here, a safe therapeutic environment, where you are accompanied as you express the thoughts and feelings that occur to you about your situation, is needed. Unrushed, being accurately heard and responded to, you will gradually put together pieces of your own puzzle, leading to new insights and a sense of inner freedom.
What brings you to think of talking to someone, may have to do with personal or work relationships, with past or present trauma, with serious losses, and/or may be psychological in nature. Inner or outer obstacles may be shutting down access to inner resources and clarity, and, possibly, hope. Here, a safe therapeutic environment, where you are accompanied as you express the thoughts and feelings that occur to you about your situation, is needed. Unrushed, being accurately heard and responded to, you will gradually put together pieces of your own puzzle, leading to new insights and a sense of inner freedom.
(503) 764-2987 View (503) 764-2987
Photo of Mark Newey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Mark Newey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97209  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Most all all of us, if not all of use go through times when we are not functioning as well as can, or have. My goal is to help you get back to where you feel and behave optimally. I use evidence based strategies based on your specific needs and your input. I am a highly dedicated counselor committed to helping individuals overcome life's challenges and improve their mental and emotional well-being.
Most all all of us, if not all of use go through times when we are not functioning as well as can, or have. My goal is to help you get back to where you feel and behave optimally. I use evidence based strategies based on your specific needs and your input. I am a highly dedicated counselor committed to helping individuals overcome life's challenges and improve their mental and emotional well-being.
(971) 251-4219 View (971) 251-4219
Photo of Mark Pechovnik, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Mark Pechovnik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97213
Clear, calm and non-judgmental awareness of thoughts, emotions and physical presence are the foundations of a mindful approach to healing. As a clinician, I place great emphasis on creating a trusting environment where the mindful exploration of one's life, both today and in the past, can take place with ease and comfort and so we can work together to uncover the places where life seems stuck and unfulfilling or downright painful. Through the skillful means of multiple therapeutic tools, we will untangle your old habit patterns - whether they be old stories, emotional baggage, repetitive relational interactions or spiritual crisis.
Clear, calm and non-judgmental awareness of thoughts, emotions and physical presence are the foundations of a mindful approach to healing. As a clinician, I place great emphasis on creating a trusting environment where the mindful exploration of one's life, both today and in the past, can take place with ease and comfort and so we can work together to uncover the places where life seems stuck and unfulfilling or downright painful. Through the skillful means of multiple therapeutic tools, we will untangle your old habit patterns - whether they be old stories, emotional baggage, repetitive relational interactions or spiritual crisis.
(503) 567-6205 View (503) 567-6205
Photo of Jordan Valentine, LPC Intern in Portland, OR
Jordan Valentine
LPC Intern, MA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97229  (Online Only)
Hello my name is Jordan and I am currently accepting new clients. I specialize in treating teens 14 and older, and adults who are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma symptoms, chronic pain/illness, neurodivergent issues, and LGBTQ support. My professional lens is guided by the belief that all individuals have the ability to heal when they have the tools and safe space to do so. I recognize people as experts of their own lives, and work in collaboration with clients in accessing empowerment. I work from an anti-oppressive world view and offer a strength-based approach.
Hello my name is Jordan and I am currently accepting new clients. I specialize in treating teens 14 and older, and adults who are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma symptoms, chronic pain/illness, neurodivergent issues, and LGBTQ support. My professional lens is guided by the belief that all individuals have the ability to heal when they have the tools and safe space to do so. I recognize people as experts of their own lives, and work in collaboration with clients in accessing empowerment. I work from an anti-oppressive world view and offer a strength-based approach.
(503) 832-6646 View (503) 832-6646
Photo of Mind Map Psychoeducational Services, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Mind Map Psychoeducational Services
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97202
We are a psychological assessment clinic that specializes in conducting assessments for children, teens, and young adults including those for learning disabilities (such as Dyslexia), Autism, ADHD, giftedness, anxiety, and depression. Our approach is compassionate, collaborative, and thorough. One of the goals of the assessment is to provide an in-depth understanding of the young person’s strengths and to uncover the causes of their challenges. Another goal is to provide families, teachers, and other individuals who work with the student with evidence-based recommendations so that they can succeed and thrive in their life.
We are a psychological assessment clinic that specializes in conducting assessments for children, teens, and young adults including those for learning disabilities (such as Dyslexia), Autism, ADHD, giftedness, anxiety, and depression. Our approach is compassionate, collaborative, and thorough. One of the goals of the assessment is to provide an in-depth understanding of the young person’s strengths and to uncover the causes of their challenges. Another goal is to provide families, teachers, and other individuals who work with the student with evidence-based recommendations so that they can succeed and thrive in their life.
(503) 461-1239 View (503) 461-1239
Photo of Stark Counseling , Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Stark Counseling
Professional Counselor Associate, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97232
I specialize in working with individuals and couples whose challenges with interpersonal relationships are due to anxiety, depression, and/or past traumatic events. My clients with the best outcomes are willing to engage in deep dialogues, complete "homework" between sessions, and are comfortable with a "hands-on approach” in therapy. I am a good fit for people struggling with social anxiety, depression, religious trauma, life transitions, procrastination, or relationship issues. I enjoy working with LGBTQIA + community and can help people questioning gender identity and heteronormativity.
I specialize in working with individuals and couples whose challenges with interpersonal relationships are due to anxiety, depression, and/or past traumatic events. My clients with the best outcomes are willing to engage in deep dialogues, complete "homework" between sessions, and are comfortable with a "hands-on approach” in therapy. I am a good fit for people struggling with social anxiety, depression, religious trauma, life transitions, procrastination, or relationship issues. I enjoy working with LGBTQIA + community and can help people questioning gender identity and heteronormativity.
(503) 461-8894 View (503) 461-8894
Photo of Laura Marie Separa, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Laura Marie Separa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97205
Establishing a sense of wholeness and direction in our lives is often revealed once obstacles are known and cleared. This process of self discovery is far more potent and transformational when working with a therapist who can help navigate these unfamiliar places. My practice is largely informed by the personal experience of profound grief. Journeying through these difficult waters allows me to uniquely empathize and assist my clients through life struggles and losses.
Establishing a sense of wholeness and direction in our lives is often revealed once obstacles are known and cleared. This process of self discovery is far more potent and transformational when working with a therapist who can help navigate these unfamiliar places. My practice is largely informed by the personal experience of profound grief. Journeying through these difficult waters allows me to uniquely empathize and assist my clients through life struggles and losses.
(503) 443-9172 View (503) 443-9172
Photo of Nicole Falk, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Nicole Falk
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97214  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
For many of us, the hardest challenge to overcome is to ask for help. If you're reading this, you've already found the courage to start becoming the best version of yourself. While as an individual you are unique, none of us are perfect and we all experience conflict, hardships, and a variety of emotions. I believe our life experiences as well as cultural background influence the way in which we interact with the world. I am a strong proponent of collaboration and I view the therapeutic relationship as a team. I have daytime availability Monday through Thursday.
For many of us, the hardest challenge to overcome is to ask for help. If you're reading this, you've already found the courage to start becoming the best version of yourself. While as an individual you are unique, none of us are perfect and we all experience conflict, hardships, and a variety of emotions. I believe our life experiences as well as cultural background influence the way in which we interact with the world. I am a strong proponent of collaboration and I view the therapeutic relationship as a team. I have daytime availability Monday through Thursday.
(503) 213-6724 View (503) 213-6724
Photo of Kellie Supriano, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Kellie Supriano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97232
I believe that life is a journey and although it is so often wondrous and joyful, it can also present unique challenges for us as human beings. These challenges can leave us feeling confused, overwhelmed, scared and alone at times. Counseling can be supportive in helping to restore emotional balance and deepen our sense of aliveness and well being. In my work with clients, I draw on strategies that assist people in exploring ways that they can move towards self-compassion and a more integrated sense of self.
I believe that life is a journey and although it is so often wondrous and joyful, it can also present unique challenges for us as human beings. These challenges can leave us feeling confused, overwhelmed, scared and alone at times. Counseling can be supportive in helping to restore emotional balance and deepen our sense of aliveness and well being. In my work with clients, I draw on strategies that assist people in exploring ways that they can move towards self-compassion and a more integrated sense of self.
(503) 966-9759 View (503) 966-9759
Photo of Spencer Uemura, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Spencer Uemura
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97213  (Online Only)
Through a social justice lens, I accompany people on their journey to a more grounded and liberated life by exploring how our intersecting identities and cultural experiences have led to the ways we are hurt, but also hold the keys to how we heal. For my clients, these layers of oppression may result in anxiety, depression, and racial identity concerns. We'll work together to process your experience, draw out your strengths, and support your goals. I love working with Asian American adults, and other POC, to connect the impacts of history, oppression, and culture on mental health and wellbeing.
Through a social justice lens, I accompany people on their journey to a more grounded and liberated life by exploring how our intersecting identities and cultural experiences have led to the ways we are hurt, but also hold the keys to how we heal. For my clients, these layers of oppression may result in anxiety, depression, and racial identity concerns. We'll work together to process your experience, draw out your strengths, and support your goals. I love working with Asian American adults, and other POC, to connect the impacts of history, oppression, and culture on mental health and wellbeing.
(503) 300-6128 View (503) 300-6128
Photo of Michael J Irvine, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Michael J Irvine
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97232
I have experience working with individuals who have depression, anxiety, experienced trauma and/or currently struggling to cope with a range of symptoms that might include PTSD, shame, relationship stress, self-esteem, and addiction. I operate from contextual behaviorist approach as well as utilize Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with my clients. I am also well versed in the 12-step recovery and have found that incredibly important in my work with individuals and family members affected by the disease of addiction.
I have experience working with individuals who have depression, anxiety, experienced trauma and/or currently struggling to cope with a range of symptoms that might include PTSD, shame, relationship stress, self-esteem, and addiction. I operate from contextual behaviorist approach as well as utilize Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with my clients. I am also well versed in the 12-step recovery and have found that incredibly important in my work with individuals and family members affected by the disease of addiction.
(503) 386-0203 View (503) 386-0203
Photo of Norma Schell, PhD, MA, OIM, LPC,, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Norma Schell, PhD, MA, OIM, LPC,
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MA, OIM, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97205  (Online Only)
Everyday life stresses, and all nature of traumas can overwhelm. Greater understanding & additional tools diminish overload. Relief of painful emotions & experiences leads to greater peace, love, joy & purpose. Feelings, emotions, dreams, images, daydreams, & physical symptoms are expressions of our whole self & contain powerful healing messages. Their meaning unlocks underlying causes to reduce ailments and discomfort. We are dynamic beings oriented toward healing and wholeness. Exploration & understanding are keys to unlocking one's powerful healing process. Never forget: you are loved, appreciated and unique in this world.
Everyday life stresses, and all nature of traumas can overwhelm. Greater understanding & additional tools diminish overload. Relief of painful emotions & experiences leads to greater peace, love, joy & purpose. Feelings, emotions, dreams, images, daydreams, & physical symptoms are expressions of our whole self & contain powerful healing messages. Their meaning unlocks underlying causes to reduce ailments and discomfort. We are dynamic beings oriented toward healing and wholeness. Exploration & understanding are keys to unlocking one's powerful healing process. Never forget: you are loved, appreciated and unique in this world.
(503) 406-6363 View (503) 406-6363
Photo of Charmaine Read, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Charmaine Read
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97212  (Online Only)
NOW Accepting new clients! I believe that a good fit and feeling confident with your therapist is the first step in reaching your therapeutic goals. Since 2011, I have worked with a wide array of clients and I have specific experience working with people who experience depression, anxiety, Bipolar, life transitions, stress, self-esteem challenges, women’s issues, trauma, and more. Since everyone is different, I utilize a variety of approaches to help people attain the life they desire and deserve. These include but are not limited to CBT, DBT, EMDR, mindfulness, and solution focused therapy.
NOW Accepting new clients! I believe that a good fit and feeling confident with your therapist is the first step in reaching your therapeutic goals. Since 2011, I have worked with a wide array of clients and I have specific experience working with people who experience depression, anxiety, Bipolar, life transitions, stress, self-esteem challenges, women’s issues, trauma, and more. Since everyone is different, I utilize a variety of approaches to help people attain the life they desire and deserve. These include but are not limited to CBT, DBT, EMDR, mindfulness, and solution focused therapy.
(503) 782-5165 View (503) 782-5165
Photo of Tazma Ahmed-Datta, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Tazma Ahmed-Datta
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, PhD, EngLit
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97214
Life is challenging, sadness is real, unbelievable pain is real, and it can take this kind of raw encounter with life to discover our inner strength. I help my clients navigate challenges that inevitably arise, to find ways to deal with setbacks. My approach is heart-centered and mindfulness-based. If you are experiencing anxiety or depression, or struggling with memories of traumatic events, I can help you access your inherent capacity for healing and coming into your wholeness. You can re-experience beauty, restore meaning and purpose in your life.
Life is challenging, sadness is real, unbelievable pain is real, and it can take this kind of raw encounter with life to discover our inner strength. I help my clients navigate challenges that inevitably arise, to find ways to deal with setbacks. My approach is heart-centered and mindfulness-based. If you are experiencing anxiety or depression, or struggling with memories of traumatic events, I can help you access your inherent capacity for healing and coming into your wholeness. You can re-experience beauty, restore meaning and purpose in your life.
(503) 980-3562 View (503) 980-3562
Photo of Samantha Sudano, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Samantha Sudano
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97215
Most of us wonder what life is all about and desire a higher degree of satisfaction in general. Each one of us has unique challenges that is more easily faced with support from another person. Together we will journey through the intricacies of your experience in order to gain insight and awareness. Armed with these two tools we can then move forward in the uncovering of your true self and life path. Within this process, wounds will be explored and cared for, giving you more space for what it is that you want in life!
Most of us wonder what life is all about and desire a higher degree of satisfaction in general. Each one of us has unique challenges that is more easily faced with support from another person. Together we will journey through the intricacies of your experience in order to gain insight and awareness. Armed with these two tools we can then move forward in the uncovering of your true self and life path. Within this process, wounds will be explored and cared for, giving you more space for what it is that you want in life!
(458) 216-5763 View (458) 216-5763
Photo of Azin Ghoreyshi, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Azin Ghoreyshi
Professional Counselor Associate
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97231  (Online Only)
accepting new clients! My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. Are you self-aware, but needing some extra support around understanding your experience and making necessary changes in order to thrive? Are you navigating a challenging relationship, situation or transition? Do you need new tools for self-regulating? My primary objective as a therapist is to establish a nonjudgmental and nurturing environment where I can help you recognize and address the thought patterns and behaviors that may be impeding your progress towards realizing your highest potential.
accepting new clients! My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. Are you self-aware, but needing some extra support around understanding your experience and making necessary changes in order to thrive? Are you navigating a challenging relationship, situation or transition? Do you need new tools for self-regulating? My primary objective as a therapist is to establish a nonjudgmental and nurturing environment where I can help you recognize and address the thought patterns and behaviors that may be impeding your progress towards realizing your highest potential.
(503) 743-7330 View (503) 743-7330
Photo of Emma Lavetter-Keidan, Clinical Social Work Associate in Portland, OR
Emma Lavetter-Keidan
Clinical Social Work Associate, CSWA, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97214
Are you struggling with how life "should" look? Do you think things like, "I should be past this by now?" or "I should be more present in my relationships?" Let me help you find ways of moving through the world that feel right to you. Together we can work on identifying  your wants and needs, and find ways to support your identities whether you’re queer, kinky, poly, a sex worker, or just a person looking for ways to be in the world that feel authentic.
Are you struggling with how life "should" look? Do you think things like, "I should be past this by now?" or "I should be more present in my relationships?" Let me help you find ways of moving through the world that feel right to you. Together we can work on identifying  your wants and needs, and find ways to support your identities whether you’re queer, kinky, poly, a sex worker, or just a person looking for ways to be in the world that feel authentic.
(503) 461-6627 View (503) 461-6627
Photo of Katie Kirkwood, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Katie Kirkwood
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97086
Whether you’re heading off to college, shifting careers, or going through a breakup, life changes are never easy. These changes in routine can lead to deep anxieties and fears. You don’t have to go through these times alone. My focus will be on gently unravelling these feelings, understanding their impact, and finding you a path forward.
Whether you’re heading off to college, shifting careers, or going through a breakup, life changes are never easy. These changes in routine can lead to deep anxieties and fears. You don’t have to go through these times alone. My focus will be on gently unravelling these feelings, understanding their impact, and finding you a path forward.
(971) 328-3762 View (971) 328-3762
Photo of Gracie James Dilley-Bucciarelli, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Gracie James Dilley-Bucciarelli
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97212
I work with people through a strengths-based, trauma-informed & relational lens. In therapy we create a space to explore communication patterns, challenge outdated beliefs and cultivate resources that support your life and relationships.
I work with people through a strengths-based, trauma-informed & relational lens. In therapy we create a space to explore communication patterns, challenge outdated beliefs and cultivate resources that support your life and relationships.
(503) 500-5900 View (503) 500-5900
Photo of Therese Long, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Therese Long
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97213
Not accepting new clients
I believe the way to success in therapy is to find a therapist that is a good fit for your needs. Therapy is a relationship. One that works best when open, honest, and collaborative. I am invested in the client as an individual but also as a part of a greater system. I work from a systemic lens and believe deeply that our interactions and habits are greatly influenced by those around us and our previous experiences. My work with clients is done with the consideration of one’s identity, family history culture, and the world around us.
I believe the way to success in therapy is to find a therapist that is a good fit for your needs. Therapy is a relationship. One that works best when open, honest, and collaborative. I am invested in the client as an individual but also as a part of a greater system. I work from a systemic lens and believe deeply that our interactions and habits are greatly influenced by those around us and our previous experiences. My work with clients is done with the consideration of one’s identity, family history culture, and the world around us.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portland, OR

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Portland, OR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

54% PacificSource
47% Aetna
38% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Portland, OR see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.