Therapists in Plymouth, MN

Photo of Zach Listner, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LGSW, LADC
Zach Listner
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LGSW, LADC
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55441
None of us are broken—rather, each of us carries parts that need care, attention, & healing. In our work together, we’ll take a collaborative approach, exploring your emotions, support systems, & the environments that shape your life. Your story matters, & I aim to create a space where you feel truly heard. We may explore your values, goals, & experiences as a foundation for growth. I draw from ACT, CBT, DBT, Solution Focused & Strengths Based therapies - tailoring each to your needs. As an LGBTQIA+ provider, I’m honored to support people from my community & beyond, offering a welcoming, affirming space to show up as your full self.
None of us are broken—rather, each of us carries parts that need care, attention, & healing. In our work together, we’ll take a collaborative approach, exploring your emotions, support systems, & the environments that shape your life. Your story matters, & I aim to create a space where you feel truly heard. We may explore your values, goals, & experiences as a foundation for growth. I draw from ACT, CBT, DBT, Solution Focused & Strengths Based therapies - tailoring each to your needs. As an LGBTQIA+ provider, I’m honored to support people from my community & beyond, offering a welcoming, affirming space to show up as your full self.
(952) 522-1876 View (952) 522-1876
Photo of Andrew Carson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LMFT
Andrew Carson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55446
Not accepting new clients
As a holistic thinker, I prefer to use skills from many different philosophies and theories, including Adlerian Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectic Behavioral Therapy, Applied-Behavioral Analysis, Reality Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Solution-Focused Therapy. I believe that a deeper sense of self-awareness is crucial to facilitate change and create positive and useful thoughts, behaviors, and habits to implement in everyday life. I view therapy as collaborative effort between the client and therapist and it would be a privilege to be invited to join you on your journey.
As a holistic thinker, I prefer to use skills from many different philosophies and theories, including Adlerian Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectic Behavioral Therapy, Applied-Behavioral Analysis, Reality Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Solution-Focused Therapy. I believe that a deeper sense of self-awareness is crucial to facilitate change and create positive and useful thoughts, behaviors, and habits to implement in everyday life. I view therapy as collaborative effort between the client and therapist and it would be a privilege to be invited to join you on your journey.
(763) 299-8934 View (763) 299-8934
Photo of Jessica Sells, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LADC
Jessica Sells
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LADC
2 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55441
I am passionate about supporting individuals who are motivated to find their voice, connect with their authenticity, and learn how to maintain a strong sense of self in their relationships. I believe in showing up as my genuine self in sessions, creating a space that fosters comfort, ease, and reflection. Through self- discovery and personal empowerment, we will explore your inner strengths together. In my work with couples, I help identify and overcome barriers to healthy communication. Together, we focus on resolving conflicts and building a stronger, more connected relationship.
I am passionate about supporting individuals who are motivated to find their voice, connect with their authenticity, and learn how to maintain a strong sense of self in their relationships. I believe in showing up as my genuine self in sessions, creating a space that fosters comfort, ease, and reflection. Through self- discovery and personal empowerment, we will explore your inner strengths together. In my work with couples, I help identify and overcome barriers to healthy communication. Together, we focus on resolving conflicts and building a stronger, more connected relationship.
(612) 979-1784 View (612) 979-1784
Photo of Joy Peterson, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LGSW
Joy Peterson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LGSW
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55441
Joy brings a wealth of experience, having worked in diverse environments such as community-based services, outpatient clinics, and children's mental health day treatment programs. Joy possesses extensive experience assisting clients aged 3-7 but is skilled in working with children, adolescents and, young adults, with a focus on somatic processing, trauma-focused, and play-based therapies. Her therapeutic practice integrates Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Person-Centered Therapy, Strengths-Based Therapy, mindfulness techniques, play therapy, and elements of art therapy.
Joy brings a wealth of experience, having worked in diverse environments such as community-based services, outpatient clinics, and children's mental health day treatment programs. Joy possesses extensive experience assisting clients aged 3-7 but is skilled in working with children, adolescents and, young adults, with a focus on somatic processing, trauma-focused, and play-based therapies. Her therapeutic practice integrates Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Person-Centered Therapy, Strengths-Based Therapy, mindfulness techniques, play therapy, and elements of art therapy.
(763) 265-7191 View (763) 265-7191
Photo of Mikki Johnson, Pre-Licensed Professional, C-IAYT, ERYT500
Mikki Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, C-IAYT, ERYT500
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55446
Mikki’s ideal client is an adolescent or adult (15+) struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, disordered eating, relationship issues, or substance use. They seek relief from emotional and physical pain, wanting to feel more connected, empowered, and in control of their lives. They may identify as neurodivergent or LGBTQIA+ and value a therapist who is affirming and culturally aware. They’re open to integrating mind-body approaches like yoga therapy to support healing and growth, and they want a safe, non-judgmental space to explore, process, and thrive.
Mikki’s ideal client is an adolescent or adult (15+) struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, disordered eating, relationship issues, or substance use. They seek relief from emotional and physical pain, wanting to feel more connected, empowered, and in control of their lives. They may identify as neurodivergent or LGBTQIA+ and value a therapist who is affirming and culturally aware. They’re open to integrating mind-body approaches like yoga therapy to support healing and growth, and they want a safe, non-judgmental space to explore, process, and thrive.
(763) 314-2240 View (763) 314-2240
Photo of Andrea Undlin, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Andrea Undlin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55447
Please note: limited daytime availability. If you're here, I applaud you. I understand the decision to see a therapist has many different starting points and it's not always an easy path getting here. Perhaps this is your first time seeking therapy and perhaps you've sought therapy before. No matter where you may be on your journey, I would be honored to support you. Life can be hard and experiences can feed us many lies that cause us to believe we are broken, crazy, or damaged. It is important to me that all of my clients realize the truth that they are worthy, loveable, capable, and resilient.
Please note: limited daytime availability. If you're here, I applaud you. I understand the decision to see a therapist has many different starting points and it's not always an easy path getting here. Perhaps this is your first time seeking therapy and perhaps you've sought therapy before. No matter where you may be on your journey, I would be honored to support you. Life can be hard and experiences can feed us many lies that cause us to believe we are broken, crazy, or damaged. It is important to me that all of my clients realize the truth that they are worthy, loveable, capable, and resilient.
View
Photo of Megan Lahti, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Megan Lahti
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Plymouth, MN 55441
Hey there! I’m Megan, and I’m looking forward to supporting you on your journey. I work with adults navigating depression, anxiety, life transitions, stress, relationship struggles, trauma, and communication skills. Taking the leap into therapy can feel like a big deal, and I’m truly honored to walk alongside you in this stage of life.
Hey there! I’m Megan, and I’m looking forward to supporting you on your journey. I work with adults navigating depression, anxiety, life transitions, stress, relationship struggles, trauma, and communication skills. Taking the leap into therapy can feel like a big deal, and I’m truly honored to walk alongside you in this stage of life.
(952) 479-5940 View (952) 479-5940
Photo of Tori Kidd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tori Kidd
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55441
I am passionate about helping people feel supported, understood and empowered in their mental health and overall well-being in life. I strive to create a safe, welcoming space where you can show up as you are. My approach is warm, thoughtful and tailored to each person’s unique needs.
I am passionate about helping people feel supported, understood and empowered in their mental health and overall well-being in life. I strive to create a safe, welcoming space where you can show up as you are. My approach is warm, thoughtful and tailored to each person’s unique needs.
(763) 299-7827 View (763) 299-7827
Photo of Max Stoltenberg, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Max Stoltenberg
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55446
My approach is based on the idea that our struggles are due to not having enough room inside of us and this congestion is because of the traumas, abuses, and overwhelming and neglectful experiences we have had in our lives.
My approach is based on the idea that our struggles are due to not having enough room inside of us and this congestion is because of the traumas, abuses, and overwhelming and neglectful experiences we have had in our lives.
(763) 878-7449 View (763) 878-7449
Photo of Kendra Olson, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LADC, LPCC
Kendra Olson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LADC, LPCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
“Get comfortable being uncomfortable.” This mindset allows us to embrace challenges, recognizing that they do not define who we are. Instead of avoiding or being overwhelmed by the obstacles in life, we can use them as opportunities for growth and take control of our lives. By facing these challenges head-on, we gain the power to reshape our narrative and create a better future.
“Get comfortable being uncomfortable.” This mindset allows us to embrace challenges, recognizing that they do not define who we are. Instead of avoiding or being overwhelmed by the obstacles in life, we can use them as opportunities for growth and take control of our lives. By facing these challenges head-on, we gain the power to reshape our narrative and create a better future.
(763) 710-3387 View (763) 710-3387
Photo of Josh Meendering, Psychologist, MA, PsyD, LP
Josh Meendering
Psychologist, MA, PsyD, LP
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55441
Some people find themselves feeling stuck with certain thoughts and feelings. Others find themselves repeating behaviors that lead to unproductive and problematic situations in their life. Therapy is a process where these concerns can be discussed and worked through from a nonjudgmental standpoint. My therapeutic approach is to assist you in reaching your personal or relationship goals with more effective ways of being. The adolescents and adults I work with are understood as individuals that have their own unique attitudes, beliefs, and experiences.
Some people find themselves feeling stuck with certain thoughts and feelings. Others find themselves repeating behaviors that lead to unproductive and problematic situations in their life. Therapy is a process where these concerns can be discussed and worked through from a nonjudgmental standpoint. My therapeutic approach is to assist you in reaching your personal or relationship goals with more effective ways of being. The adolescents and adults I work with are understood as individuals that have their own unique attitudes, beliefs, and experiences.
(763) 308-5302 View (763) 308-5302
Photo of Elizabeth Barnett, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Elizabeth Barnett
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Plymouth, MN 55447
Elizabeth Barnett completed her M.A in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Liberty University. She is a warm, down-to-earth, encouraging therapist that focuses on an individual’s strengths. She will strive to be a trusted and trained listener who can help you move forward by developing a plan with you. Elizabeth works with children, teens, adult individuals, and couples. Her special interests include working with Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Family Systems and Person-centered therapies. She is passionate about people and wants to walk alongside them through their struggle according to their beliefs and values.
Elizabeth Barnett completed her M.A in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Liberty University. She is a warm, down-to-earth, encouraging therapist that focuses on an individual’s strengths. She will strive to be a trusted and trained listener who can help you move forward by developing a plan with you. Elizabeth works with children, teens, adult individuals, and couples. Her special interests include working with Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Family Systems and Person-centered therapies. She is passionate about people and wants to walk alongside them through their struggle according to their beliefs and values.
(763) 298-2976 View (763) 298-2976
Photo of Claire Pieper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Claire Pieper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Plymouth, MN 55442
My primary focus is to create a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you feel safe to explore your inner world. I work with individuals across the lifespan—from children starting at age seven to adults—helping them navigate a broad range of challenges, including depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship difficulties, parenting struggles, and life transitions. My approach is rooted in the belief that every person has the capacity for growth, and together, we can uncover the insights and tools that will help you lead a more fulfilling, balanced life.
My primary focus is to create a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you feel safe to explore your inner world. I work with individuals across the lifespan—from children starting at age seven to adults—helping them navigate a broad range of challenges, including depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship difficulties, parenting struggles, and life transitions. My approach is rooted in the belief that every person has the capacity for growth, and together, we can uncover the insights and tools that will help you lead a more fulfilling, balanced life.
View
Photo of Laura Holmberg, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Laura Holmberg
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Plymouth, MN 55447
Laura treats adults ages 18–64 and focuses her work on anxiety, bipolar disorder, and depression, while also addressing trauma-related stress and major life transitions. Her therapeutic style is structured yet empathetic, helping patients develop insight, emotional regulation, and practical coping strategies. She uses evidence-based approaches including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and mindfulness, and offers additional therapeutic support when clinically appropriate.Laura Holmberg helps teens and adults across Oregon navigate life’s challenges with clarity, resilience, and practical tools
Laura treats adults ages 18–64 and focuses her work on anxiety, bipolar disorder, and depression, while also addressing trauma-related stress and major life transitions. Her therapeutic style is structured yet empathetic, helping patients develop insight, emotional regulation, and practical coping strategies. She uses evidence-based approaches including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and mindfulness, and offers additional therapeutic support when clinically appropriate.Laura Holmberg helps teens and adults across Oregon navigate life’s challenges with clarity, resilience, and practical tools
(763) 292-3558 View (763) 292-3558
Photo of Emily Lord, Pre-Licensed Professional, GRSW, PCC
Emily Lord
Pre-Licensed Professional, GRSW, PCC
Plymouth, MN 55441
Emily Lord is a Clinical Social Worker who transitioned to therapy after 20 years of leadership roles in the private sector and nonprofit organizations. She brings warmth, curiosity, and a sense of humor to her work with clients. Emily also works as a leadership coach, leveraging her experience and passion to help people cultivate resilience and growth at work. She especially enjoys working with adults who are navigating burnout, anxiety, and relationship challenges, and has a particular interest in supporting those seeking to reconnect with their strengths and build healthier patterns in daily life.
Emily Lord is a Clinical Social Worker who transitioned to therapy after 20 years of leadership roles in the private sector and nonprofit organizations. She brings warmth, curiosity, and a sense of humor to her work with clients. Emily also works as a leadership coach, leveraging her experience and passion to help people cultivate resilience and growth at work. She especially enjoys working with adults who are navigating burnout, anxiety, and relationship challenges, and has a particular interest in supporting those seeking to reconnect with their strengths and build healthier patterns in daily life.
(612) 294-0671 View (612) 294-0671
Photo of Emily Marrs, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Emily Marrs
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55446
Not accepting new clients
Do you find yourself getting overwhelmed by the demands of adulting? Do problems like stress and exhaustion leave you feeling frustrated and discouraged and like you're not enough or too much? Do you worry about letting others down, feel misunderstood, seem weighed down by the past or always anxious about the future? Or perhaps even carry shame or guilt around what you know you're capable of but which seems far too often out of reach?
Do you find yourself getting overwhelmed by the demands of adulting? Do problems like stress and exhaustion leave you feeling frustrated and discouraged and like you're not enough or too much? Do you worry about letting others down, feel misunderstood, seem weighed down by the past or always anxious about the future? Or perhaps even carry shame or guilt around what you know you're capable of but which seems far too often out of reach?
(763) 373-5914 View (763) 373-5914
Photo of Mark Molyneaux, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Mark Molyneaux
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Plymouth, MN 55446
I work at Rum River Counseling! Request an appointment with me at the Rum River Counseling New Client website provided throughout this profile. I am happy to work with a variety of clients. They include kids 9+, adolescents, adults, and couples. If you are noticing behavioral issues, I am happy to help. If you are having challenges with depression or anxiety that can make you feel low, I am happy to help. If you are looking for better ways to connect with others, I am here to help.
I work at Rum River Counseling! Request an appointment with me at the Rum River Counseling New Client website provided throughout this profile. I am happy to work with a variety of clients. They include kids 9+, adolescents, adults, and couples. If you are noticing behavioral issues, I am happy to help. If you are having challenges with depression or anxiety that can make you feel low, I am happy to help. If you are looking for better ways to connect with others, I am here to help.
View
Photo of Victoria Elliott, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Victoria Elliott
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55447
My approach is non-blaming, strength based and encouraging. I specialize in relationship issues, anxiety, depression, family-of-origin work, and self-esteem. I use a combination of dependable, effective techniques and integrate ideas and perspectives from many sources. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist with training in individual counseling, family and relationship counseling. If you want practical, realistic, caring help, you will find it here.
My approach is non-blaming, strength based and encouraging. I specialize in relationship issues, anxiety, depression, family-of-origin work, and self-esteem. I use a combination of dependable, effective techniques and integrate ideas and perspectives from many sources. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist with training in individual counseling, family and relationship counseling. If you want practical, realistic, caring help, you will find it here.
(763) 296-8397 View (763) 296-8397
Photo of Kiara Owens, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Kiara Owens
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Kiara "Bambi" has a specialization with integrating spiritual practices and psychology, with an approach centered on trauma-informed care and cultural practices. Her mission is to empower the community by assisting clients with achieving true transformative change through growth and healing. She offers individual, family, couples therapy. If you have experienced trauma, chronic stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, confusion around your life, identity, relationship(s), career, or just seeking a safe space to unwind, breathe, be heard, seen, & uplifted while also being dedicated to doing the work, then she is the therapist for you.
Kiara "Bambi" has a specialization with integrating spiritual practices and psychology, with an approach centered on trauma-informed care and cultural practices. Her mission is to empower the community by assisting clients with achieving true transformative change through growth and healing. She offers individual, family, couples therapy. If you have experienced trauma, chronic stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, confusion around your life, identity, relationship(s), career, or just seeking a safe space to unwind, breathe, be heard, seen, & uplifted while also being dedicated to doing the work, then she is the therapist for you.
(763) 265-7963 View (763) 265-7963
Photo of Parker C. Lovinger, Pre-Licensed Professional, MPS, LADC
Parker C. Lovinger
Pre-Licensed Professional, MPS, LADC
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55441
I work with adolescents (ages 11-18) and young adults (ages 18-35) who feel stuck in patterns that are difficult to break. They may struggle with intrusive thoughts, anxiety, compulsive behaviors, disordered eating, body image concerns, depression, substance use, communication, and controlling their anger and emotions. Or they could be feeling the pressures of school, relationships, social media, and life as an adult. Many young men find it difficult to discuss emotions and often feel isolated or misunderstood due to social barriers. Therapy helps clients find a confidential space to build insight and develop skills to make change.
I work with adolescents (ages 11-18) and young adults (ages 18-35) who feel stuck in patterns that are difficult to break. They may struggle with intrusive thoughts, anxiety, compulsive behaviors, disordered eating, body image concerns, depression, substance use, communication, and controlling their anger and emotions. Or they could be feeling the pressures of school, relationships, social media, and life as an adult. Many young men find it difficult to discuss emotions and often feel isolated or misunderstood due to social barriers. Therapy helps clients find a confidential space to build insight and develop skills to make change.
(763) 356-7613 View (763) 356-7613

See more therapy options for Plymouth

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Plymouth, MN

200+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Plymouth, MN who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
94% Social Anxiety
94% Health Anxiety
94% Driving Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% Aetna
79% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Plymouth, MN see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Plymouth?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.