Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

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Photo of Candi M White, LMFT, MS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Candi M White
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Currently Accepting Individuals and Couples! Life can feel messy some days. Our most important relationships can suffer leaving us feeling alone, hurt, betrayed and just plain stuck! We were designed for connection and without it we struggle. We have a deep down desire to be seen, heard and known. When we can't find connection in our most important relationships we may rely on strategies that serve us for a season but are not sustainable for our healing and growth.
Currently Accepting Individuals and Couples! Life can feel messy some days. Our most important relationships can suffer leaving us feeling alone, hurt, betrayed and just plain stuck! We were designed for connection and without it we struggle. We have a deep down desire to be seen, heard and known. When we can't find connection in our most important relationships we may rely on strategies that serve us for a season but are not sustainable for our healing and growth.
(480) 637-4307 x3 View (480) 637-4307 x3
Photo of Nadina Hedzic, LAC, Counselor
Nadina Hedzic
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Taking the first step towards therapy is incredibly brave, and I want to acknowledge your courage in starting this journey. I understand firsthand the challenges of seeking support, and I am here to make this process as comforting and empowering as possible for you. I specialize in working with teens and children aged 6 to 12 years old, focusing on emotional regulation, social skills development, anxiety management, depression, ADHD, and anger management. My approach is deeply individualistic, tailored to meet the unique needs of each client.
Taking the first step towards therapy is incredibly brave, and I want to acknowledge your courage in starting this journey. I understand firsthand the challenges of seeking support, and I am here to make this process as comforting and empowering as possible for you. I specialize in working with teens and children aged 6 to 12 years old, focusing on emotional regulation, social skills development, anxiety management, depression, ADHD, and anger management. My approach is deeply individualistic, tailored to meet the unique needs of each client.
(480) 745-2237 x544 View (480) 745-2237 x544
Lynn Terry Stoffers
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
I am an experienced and committed licensed professional counselor with a diverse and rewarding background. I am committed to helping others find solutions to difficult life circumstances through compassion, respect and with dignity. I am committed to utilizing individual strengths and resources in accommodating personal needs. I use a variety of treatment approaches and enjoy working with my clients so they can achieve their desired goals. I work collaboratively with my clients toward attaining a sense of emotional and behavioral well-being. I truly believe that through the strength of the human spirit, people have the capacity for change.
I am an experienced and committed licensed professional counselor with a diverse and rewarding background. I am committed to helping others find solutions to difficult life circumstances through compassion, respect and with dignity. I am committed to utilizing individual strengths and resources in accommodating personal needs. I use a variety of treatment approaches and enjoy working with my clients so they can achieve their desired goals. I work collaboratively with my clients toward attaining a sense of emotional and behavioral well-being. I truly believe that through the strength of the human spirit, people have the capacity for change.
(602) 207-8416 View (602) 207-8416
Photo of Jessi Koeppen, LAC, Counselor
Jessi Koeppen
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254  (Online Only)
Hi there! I know that life can be hard, and reaching out for help can be too. I truly believe that we all have our own unique viewpoints and qualities that can help us navigate those hard times. My goal is to provide an empathetic and safe space for you to feel understood by using a variety of approaches- this way we can find the techniques that work best for you. I continue educating myself in order to foster a neurodivergent environment where everyone can feel safe and welcome. I look forward to helping you discover your strengths and find your own voice.
Hi there! I know that life can be hard, and reaching out for help can be too. I truly believe that we all have our own unique viewpoints and qualities that can help us navigate those hard times. My goal is to provide an empathetic and safe space for you to feel understood by using a variety of approaches- this way we can find the techniques that work best for you. I continue educating myself in order to foster a neurodivergent environment where everyone can feel safe and welcome. I look forward to helping you discover your strengths and find your own voice.
(623) 624-1157 View (623) 624-1157
Photo of Riley O'Toole, Counselor
Riley O'Toole
Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Therapy is a journey of growth, and it all begins with a genuine connection. My goal is to create a warm, welcoming space where children, teens, and adults feel truly heard, understood, and empowered to make meaningful changes in their lives. I specialize in supporting children ages 4 and up, as well as teens and adolescents, who may be navigating challenges such as anxiety, ADHD, and emotional regulation.
Therapy is a journey of growth, and it all begins with a genuine connection. My goal is to create a warm, welcoming space where children, teens, and adults feel truly heard, understood, and empowered to make meaningful changes in their lives. I specialize in supporting children ages 4 and up, as well as teens and adolescents, who may be navigating challenges such as anxiety, ADHD, and emotional regulation.
(480) 582-9774 x546 View (480) 582-9774 x546
Photo of Dr. Kyle Jackson, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Kyle Jackson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
You do not fit into the mold of a typical therapy client. People who know you would say you have it all figured out and are living the good life. You may have even been told that you "don't need therapy." Yet, your busy lifestyle comes with a great deal of stress, and maybe even a sense of loneliness. People in your circle would never guess, but you might have a trauma that nags at you, despite your best efforts. Underneath your exterior of success and confidence, there are troubled nights where you cannot relax and get a good night's sleep, leading to increased burnout. You deserve a therapist who understands and accepts you.
You do not fit into the mold of a typical therapy client. People who know you would say you have it all figured out and are living the good life. You may have even been told that you "don't need therapy." Yet, your busy lifestyle comes with a great deal of stress, and maybe even a sense of loneliness. People in your circle would never guess, but you might have a trauma that nags at you, despite your best efforts. Underneath your exterior of success and confidence, there are troubled nights where you cannot relax and get a good night's sleep, leading to increased burnout. You deserve a therapist who understands and accepts you.
(480) 771-9876 View (480) 771-9876
Photo of Shantay Williams, LAMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Shantay Williams
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
As a licensed marriage and family therapist, I provide confidential counseling to help individuals, couples, families, and groups reach their goals. With my Bachelor of Science in Family & Human Development, my Masters Degree in Marriage and Family Therapy, plus years of experience exploring personal and professional relationships, I'm ready to guide you on your path toward greater understanding with an open heart that's free from judgment.
As a licensed marriage and family therapist, I provide confidential counseling to help individuals, couples, families, and groups reach their goals. With my Bachelor of Science in Family & Human Development, my Masters Degree in Marriage and Family Therapy, plus years of experience exploring personal and professional relationships, I'm ready to guide you on your path toward greater understanding with an open heart that's free from judgment.
(480) 454-1296 View (480) 454-1296
Photo of Tanya LaShea Burgess, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tanya LaShea Burgess
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254  (Online Only)
I support clients in sustaining a balance between work, life, and spirituality, as well as work in recognizing and processing experiences of racial and cultural exclusion, isolation, bereavement, and loneliness. My holistic approach aims to heal the mind, body, and soul, and create space to process major life and identity transitions. Alongside traditional methods like CBT, DBT, and ACT, I also incorporate mindfulness, gaming and roleplay therapy for adults.
I support clients in sustaining a balance between work, life, and spirituality, as well as work in recognizing and processing experiences of racial and cultural exclusion, isolation, bereavement, and loneliness. My holistic approach aims to heal the mind, body, and soul, and create space to process major life and identity transitions. Alongside traditional methods like CBT, DBT, and ACT, I also incorporate mindfulness, gaming and roleplay therapy for adults.
(480) 939-5754 View (480) 939-5754
Photo of Amy Elizabeth Brown, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Elizabeth Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Making the decision to seek therapy is a personal process that often occurs when one is hurting emotionally and/or grieving life as they once knew it. Seeking counseling takes courage and a willingness to explore difficult life challenges. I truly believe that each person has the ability to find peace and inner healing. If your ready to face your challenges, please contact me. I can help you confront your pain and heal from it.
Making the decision to seek therapy is a personal process that often occurs when one is hurting emotionally and/or grieving life as they once knew it. Seeking counseling takes courage and a willingness to explore difficult life challenges. I truly believe that each person has the ability to find peace and inner healing. If your ready to face your challenges, please contact me. I can help you confront your pain and heal from it.
(623) 278-7760 View (623) 278-7760
Photo of Timothy M Tays - Timothy M. Tays, PhD, PhD, Psychologist
Timothy M. Tays, PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
I am currently not taking on any new clients. I am a licensed clinical psychologist practicing in Scottsdale, Arizona. I specialize in treating adults with anxiety disorders (e.g., obsessive-compulsive, phobias, panic, trauma, social anxiety) and depression. I do psychotherapy the way I'd like to receive it; I use a Rogerian client-centered, empathetic stance with unconditional positive regard. I modify my approach depending on each individual's needs (e.g., CBT or more directive when requested by clients). I also treat impression management (e.g, acting like a "chameleon").
I am currently not taking on any new clients. I am a licensed clinical psychologist practicing in Scottsdale, Arizona. I specialize in treating adults with anxiety disorders (e.g., obsessive-compulsive, phobias, panic, trauma, social anxiety) and depression. I do psychotherapy the way I'd like to receive it; I use a Rogerian client-centered, empathetic stance with unconditional positive regard. I modify my approach depending on each individual's needs (e.g., CBT or more directive when requested by clients). I also treat impression management (e.g, acting like a "chameleon").
(480) 771-2663 View (480) 771-2663
Photo of Kimberly Matoka, MC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kimberly Matoka
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Taking the first step in counseling can be the most difficult one. I am committed to meeting each individual, couple, or family as unique and with their own journey in the present, from the past, and for the future. I offer a Christian focus to counseling for those who desire this. I am committed to providing a safe environment where clients can experience the freedom to explore their own beliefs and make their own choices regarding life and relationships. Every client, couple, or family brings their own perspective(s), and I look forward to getting to know each individual or system.
Taking the first step in counseling can be the most difficult one. I am committed to meeting each individual, couple, or family as unique and with their own journey in the present, from the past, and for the future. I offer a Christian focus to counseling for those who desire this. I am committed to providing a safe environment where clients can experience the freedom to explore their own beliefs and make their own choices regarding life and relationships. Every client, couple, or family brings their own perspective(s), and I look forward to getting to know each individual or system.
(480) 712-4225 View (480) 712-4225
Photo of Lisa D'Adamo, MS, CMHC, LAC, Counselor
Lisa D'Adamo
Counselor, MS, CMHC, LAC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Hi, I’m Lisa. I know that the challenges we face in life can sometimes leave us feeling overwhelmed and stuck. Taking this first step to find a professional counselor confirms you have the strength and desire to take positive steps to engage in the process of enhancing the quality of your life. Ultimately, therapy can guide you to the reward of greater self-awareness, self-esteem, and most importantly, a more fulfilling life. Working together, we will cultivate a growth by understanding the obstacles that you face and develop solutions that can help you make lasting positive changes.
Hi, I’m Lisa. I know that the challenges we face in life can sometimes leave us feeling overwhelmed and stuck. Taking this first step to find a professional counselor confirms you have the strength and desire to take positive steps to engage in the process of enhancing the quality of your life. Ultimately, therapy can guide you to the reward of greater self-awareness, self-esteem, and most importantly, a more fulfilling life. Working together, we will cultivate a growth by understanding the obstacles that you face and develop solutions that can help you make lasting positive changes.
(480) 426-8406 View (480) 426-8406
Photo of Rick Day, PsyD, PhD, ABPP, MBA, Psychologist
Rick Day
Psychologist, PsyD, PhD, ABPP, MBA
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
The people I usually work with are individuals and couples who are facing important life or relationship challenges and have tried the typical strategies for improvement or making changes. I work best with those who want to take an honest and thorough look at his / her / their functioning and set in motion pragmatic steps toward sustaining a genuinely better life. While conflict and various forms of emotionality are a normal part of life, when these experiences negatively affect one's capacity to have a successful, enjoyable or fulfilling life, it is important to consider other avenues of support.
The people I usually work with are individuals and couples who are facing important life or relationship challenges and have tried the typical strategies for improvement or making changes. I work best with those who want to take an honest and thorough look at his / her / their functioning and set in motion pragmatic steps toward sustaining a genuinely better life. While conflict and various forms of emotionality are a normal part of life, when these experiences negatively affect one's capacity to have a successful, enjoyable or fulfilling life, it is important to consider other avenues of support.
(480) 568-6042 View (480) 568-6042
Photo of Amanda Loback, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amanda Loback
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
The decision to seek therapy can feel difficult and intimidating. Many hesitate to reach out for fear of judgment and shame. I welcome all parts of you and want for you a space where you can feel less guarded and more open to explore. Through compassionate guidance and exploration, we strive to restore broken bonds with self and others. My approach is casual, compassionate and non judgmental. I love rooting for people and all people in all bodies are welcome here.
The decision to seek therapy can feel difficult and intimidating. Many hesitate to reach out for fear of judgment and shame. I welcome all parts of you and want for you a space where you can feel less guarded and more open to explore. Through compassionate guidance and exploration, we strive to restore broken bonds with self and others. My approach is casual, compassionate and non judgmental. I love rooting for people and all people in all bodies are welcome here.
(480) 771-2134 View (480) 771-2134
Photo of Janet Ellis, CLC
Janet Ellis
CLC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Transformational Life Coach, Life coaching, Hypnotherapy, and EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique) are some of the best tools you can use to accomplish a healthy understanding of yourself and bring about change that enhances the potential for success and happiness. Hypnotherapy is a dynamic tool that offers the opportunity to create a healthy balance of mind, body and spirit. Through the process of relaxation you increase your awareness, allowing you to bring clarity and solutions to your own unique situations.
Transformational Life Coach, Life coaching, Hypnotherapy, and EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique) are some of the best tools you can use to accomplish a healthy understanding of yourself and bring about change that enhances the potential for success and happiness. Hypnotherapy is a dynamic tool that offers the opportunity to create a healthy balance of mind, body and spirit. Through the process of relaxation you increase your awareness, allowing you to bring clarity and solutions to your own unique situations.
(520) 226-4473 View (520) 226-4473
Photo of Dr. Scott Reuter, DBH, LPC, ACS, NCC, MAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Scott Reuter
Licensed Professional Counselor, DBH, LPC, ACS, NCC, MAC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Waitlist for new clients
We've got this. Scientific Psychology has come a long way and it's peaceful to be here in this day and age, now. My practice at The Reuter Center for Neuropsychology and Integrative Counseling includes adult individuals, couples, & family who may wish to participate. I personally practice what I professionally offer to couples & individuals, integrating mind, body, & spirit, using evidence-based psychotherapies and other sciences from eastern and western cultures. Feel free to visit our website, contact me, & see how we may fit.
We've got this. Scientific Psychology has come a long way and it's peaceful to be here in this day and age, now. My practice at The Reuter Center for Neuropsychology and Integrative Counseling includes adult individuals, couples, & family who may wish to participate. I personally practice what I professionally offer to couples & individuals, integrating mind, body, & spirit, using evidence-based psychotherapies and other sciences from eastern and western cultures. Feel free to visit our website, contact me, & see how we may fit.
(480) 378-6280 View (480) 378-6280
Photo of Ashleigh Fall, MA, LPC, RPT-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashleigh Fall
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RPT-S, NCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Waitlist for new clients
Ashleigh is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor, providing individual and family therapy with people of all ages. She specializes in working with young children 2-6 years old, as well as teens and young adults. She also provides supervision to associate therapists seeking independent licensure, as well as therapists looking to earn their Registered Play Therapist credentials. Her primarily styles of therapy are Client-Centered and Adlerian approaches.
Ashleigh is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor, providing individual and family therapy with people of all ages. She specializes in working with young children 2-6 years old, as well as teens and young adults. She also provides supervision to associate therapists seeking independent licensure, as well as therapists looking to earn their Registered Play Therapist credentials. Her primarily styles of therapy are Client-Centered and Adlerian approaches.
(480) 212-5531 View (480) 212-5531
Photo of Brittany Coppelli - Scottsdale Mental Health and Trauma Recovery/, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Scottsdale Mental Health and Trauma Recovery/
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Scottsdale Mental Health and Trauma Recovery is a group private therapy practice founded upon the belief that empathy, validation and compassion are the most essential factors in a supportive therapeutic relationship. My name is Brittany Coppelli, Licensed Professional Counselor, and I am the owner and registered clinical supervisor of Scottsdale Mental Health and Trauma Recovery. We believe in treating trauma, mental health and life stressors by looking at the whole person, not just at the "issue" that brought them to therapy. We have 6 therapists and work with kids, teens, adults, and couples. We offer in person and telehealth!
Scottsdale Mental Health and Trauma Recovery is a group private therapy practice founded upon the belief that empathy, validation and compassion are the most essential factors in a supportive therapeutic relationship. My name is Brittany Coppelli, Licensed Professional Counselor, and I am the owner and registered clinical supervisor of Scottsdale Mental Health and Trauma Recovery. We believe in treating trauma, mental health and life stressors by looking at the whole person, not just at the "issue" that brought them to therapy. We have 6 therapists and work with kids, teens, adults, and couples. We offer in person and telehealth!
(480) 779-0445 View (480) 779-0445
Photo of John J Unmacht, PhD, Psychologist
John J Unmacht
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85255
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed psychologist and a psychoanalyst and have 42 years of experience. My expertise allows me to help people through difficult situations in an atmosphere of safety, compassion, understanding, and collaboration.
I am a licensed psychologist and a psychoanalyst and have 42 years of experience. My expertise allows me to help people through difficult situations in an atmosphere of safety, compassion, understanding, and collaboration.
(480) 949-9133 View (480) 949-9133
Photo of Kathleen Donaghy, PhD, Psychologist
Kathleen Donaghy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Dr. Donaghy is a licensed psychologist providing psychotherapy and hypnosis for adults and children who present with a variety of issues. She has specialized training in conflict management, cancer, pain, disabilities, medical concerns, wellness, and medication management. She also treats depression, grief, anxiety, anger, and relationship problems. Her approach to therapy is based on extensive training, research, and publications. She offers individualized treatment for each patient, and integrates their spirituality/philosophy into the sessions as a means of strengthening existing resources.
Dr. Donaghy is a licensed psychologist providing psychotherapy and hypnosis for adults and children who present with a variety of issues. She has specialized training in conflict management, cancer, pain, disabilities, medical concerns, wellness, and medication management. She also treats depression, grief, anxiety, anger, and relationship problems. Her approach to therapy is based on extensive training, research, and publications. She offers individualized treatment for each patient, and integrates their spirituality/philosophy into the sessions as a means of strengthening existing resources.
(480) 788-0957 View (480) 788-0957
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
70% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scottsdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.