Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Lindsay Nickens, LCSW, MA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lindsay Nickens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10065
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the constant demands placed on you and not sure how to get unstuck from the obstacles you’re facing? Together we will help you understand what you are feeling so that you can see things more clearly and find a path forward that’s right for your circumstances. I provide a safe, non-judgmental environment where you can explore all areas of your life, even the parts that are hard to talk about. While we will focus on helping you feel better in the moment, we will also look at how the past has influenced who you are today to help you get to the root of the issue.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the constant demands placed on you and not sure how to get unstuck from the obstacles you’re facing? Together we will help you understand what you are feeling so that you can see things more clearly and find a path forward that’s right for your circumstances. I provide a safe, non-judgmental environment where you can explore all areas of your life, even the parts that are hard to talk about. While we will focus on helping you feel better in the moment, we will also look at how the past has influenced who you are today to help you get to the root of the issue.
(212) 328-9182 View (212) 328-9182
Photo of Rana Shokeh - Taslim Psychotherapy, PLLC, LCSW
Taslim Psychotherapy, PLLC
LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10013
Taslim Psychotherapy is a community mental health practice in NYC providing treatment for adults, couples and families. We are psychotherapists of color dedicated to improving the lives of human beings through relationships and healing for a full and satisfying life. When you discover your story you embrace self-compassion and uncover your strengths. We are especially committed to serving communities of color, immigrants, first generation, and refugees. We bring culturally competent therapeutic understandings forward to our diverse clients. Our therapists are bilingual and offer therapy in English, Arabic, Spanish, French, and Urdu
Taslim Psychotherapy is a community mental health practice in NYC providing treatment for adults, couples and families. We are psychotherapists of color dedicated to improving the lives of human beings through relationships and healing for a full and satisfying life. When you discover your story you embrace self-compassion and uncover your strengths. We are especially committed to serving communities of color, immigrants, first generation, and refugees. We bring culturally competent therapeutic understandings forward to our diverse clients. Our therapists are bilingual and offer therapy in English, Arabic, Spanish, French, and Urdu
(347) 573-9171 View (347) 573-9171
Photo of Erika Malm, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erika Malm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
Life is worth living when we feel authentic and genuine, and engage in meaningful relationships. Sadness, grief, disappointment, hurt, and loss are all-natural human emotions. Feeling chronically anxious, depressed, inadequate, or unlovable are not. These unrelenting feelings come from an injury (or injuries) that hasn’t healed. Regardless of where your emotional injury comes from, you can learn to regulate your reactions, heal these wounds, take care of yourself, & connect to your sense of meaning and purpose. The more you live in alignment with your values and what is meaningful to you, the better you will feel.
Life is worth living when we feel authentic and genuine, and engage in meaningful relationships. Sadness, grief, disappointment, hurt, and loss are all-natural human emotions. Feeling chronically anxious, depressed, inadequate, or unlovable are not. These unrelenting feelings come from an injury (or injuries) that hasn’t healed. Regardless of where your emotional injury comes from, you can learn to regulate your reactions, heal these wounds, take care of yourself, & connect to your sense of meaning and purpose. The more you live in alignment with your values and what is meaningful to you, the better you will feel.
(646) 461-4619 View (646) 461-4619
Photo of Gavriel Boniuk, PsyD
Gavriel Boniuk
PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
With all the great therapists available, what makes my clients choose me? I am rigorously trained in the gold standard treatments for anxiety, depression, and many other disorders. I am passionate about the field of psychology and dedicated to my clients' success. My clients access a stability in therapy through my groundedness, patient demeanor, and expertise. In working with me, you can expect to develop insight, process depth of experience, and practice tools to navigate the challenges effectively.
With all the great therapists available, what makes my clients choose me? I am rigorously trained in the gold standard treatments for anxiety, depression, and many other disorders. I am passionate about the field of psychology and dedicated to my clients' success. My clients access a stability in therapy through my groundedness, patient demeanor, and expertise. In working with me, you can expect to develop insight, process depth of experience, and practice tools to navigate the challenges effectively.
(646) 687-1227 View (646) 687-1227
Photo of Judith S Zorfas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Judith S Zorfas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
I view psychotherapy as a journey of self-discovery and growth. If you are feeling unfulfilled, anxious or sad psychotherapy can help. Each person has his or her own history and life circumstances. Together, we will identify and explore your patterns in order to figure out what prevents you from feeling better. Hope and understanding are the first steps in your journey toward positive change. We will carefully observe your feelings and behavior at a pace that is comfortable for you. It is a journey worth taking!
I view psychotherapy as a journey of self-discovery and growth. If you are feeling unfulfilled, anxious or sad psychotherapy can help. Each person has his or her own history and life circumstances. Together, we will identify and explore your patterns in order to figure out what prevents you from feeling better. Hope and understanding are the first steps in your journey toward positive change. We will carefully observe your feelings and behavior at a pace that is comfortable for you. It is a journey worth taking!
(646) 351-1705 View (646) 351-1705
Photo of Jay Bosworth, PsyD, Psychologist
Jay Bosworth
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10018
Whether we are working in individual, couples, or group psychotherapy, my overarching goal for you is to help you live a life of greater authenticity, integrity, and wholeness. You may be facing a distinct roadblock, a difficult or welcomed life transition, relationship struggles, a vague sense that something is wrong, or symptoms of anxiety, depression, grief and loss, complex trauma, or the profound stress of living in a society that other’s you due to who you are or how you identify. I am committed to working with you through these difficulties from a stance of respect, collaboration, and openness.
Whether we are working in individual, couples, or group psychotherapy, my overarching goal for you is to help you live a life of greater authenticity, integrity, and wholeness. You may be facing a distinct roadblock, a difficult or welcomed life transition, relationship struggles, a vague sense that something is wrong, or symptoms of anxiety, depression, grief and loss, complex trauma, or the profound stress of living in a society that other’s you due to who you are or how you identify. I am committed to working with you through these difficulties from a stance of respect, collaboration, and openness.
(646) 813-3758 View (646) 813-3758
Photo of Hazel Branche, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hazel Branche
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10009  (Online Only)
Therapy is not a “one-size fits all!” Every person is unique, autonomous and complex. I am a psychotherapist who values the willingness it takes for clients to engage in self-exploration.
Therapy is not a “one-size fits all!” Every person is unique, autonomous and complex. I am a psychotherapist who values the willingness it takes for clients to engage in self-exploration.
(646) 859-0616 View (646) 859-0616
Photo of Gina Caputo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gina Caputo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025  (Online Only)
My name is Gina Caputo, and I am currently a NYS - LCSW. My general area of expertise is addiction and co-occurring disorders. However, within this field I find myself working with a diverse population. My approach to therapy is person-centered and solution focused. I prefer to take a person-centered, solution-focused approach to therapy. I often utilize motivational interviewing to help gauge my client's motivation for change and assist them in reaching their personal goals for therapy.
My name is Gina Caputo, and I am currently a NYS - LCSW. My general area of expertise is addiction and co-occurring disorders. However, within this field I find myself working with a diverse population. My approach to therapy is person-centered and solution focused. I prefer to take a person-centered, solution-focused approach to therapy. I often utilize motivational interviewing to help gauge my client's motivation for change and assist them in reaching their personal goals for therapy.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Patricia Bellucci, PhD, Psychologist
Patricia Bellucci
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
My practice is a warm and welcoming place where you can explore what works for your life and create change for the life that fits your needs. I am a psychologist, psychoanalyst, teacher and supervisor practicing on the UWS of Manhattan for over 20 years. I am a good listener and flexible and caring in my approach. I work with individuals and with groups using talk therapy. I help people untangle and understand their behaviors and emotional life. Like other relationships it is important for us to connect. Please come in to meet me and see if we are a good match. I am able to provide support in a process that can be painful at times.
My practice is a warm and welcoming place where you can explore what works for your life and create change for the life that fits your needs. I am a psychologist, psychoanalyst, teacher and supervisor practicing on the UWS of Manhattan for over 20 years. I am a good listener and flexible and caring in my approach. I work with individuals and with groups using talk therapy. I help people untangle and understand their behaviors and emotional life. Like other relationships it is important for us to connect. Please come in to meet me and see if we are a good match. I am able to provide support in a process that can be painful at times.
(646) 386-2257 View (646) 386-2257
Photo of Gavrielle Canter, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gavrielle Canter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Gavrielle Canter is a Licensed Master Social Worker and a member of the clinical team at Rappore, a therapy services and medication management practice based in Manhattan, New York. Gavrielle values the therapeutic relationship with her clients from day one through creating a safe space that feels warm, inviting, supportive, and most of all judgment free in order to achieve the client's goals and foster healing and insight. One of Gavrielle’s priorities is to let the client know they are not alone and to develop the coping skills to encounter the challenges throughout life.
Gavrielle Canter is a Licensed Master Social Worker and a member of the clinical team at Rappore, a therapy services and medication management practice based in Manhattan, New York. Gavrielle values the therapeutic relationship with her clients from day one through creating a safe space that feels warm, inviting, supportive, and most of all judgment free in order to achieve the client's goals and foster healing and insight. One of Gavrielle’s priorities is to let the client know they are not alone and to develop the coping skills to encounter the challenges throughout life.
(332) 248-1701 View (332) 248-1701
Photo of Tom Fleming, MA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tom Fleming
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Have you experienced anxiety, depressed mood, difficult relationships or life transitions? These can be very uncomfortable!!! These feelings can be confusing and challenging!!! At times, it can feel hopeless!! Feeling like you are just going through the motions? It hurts!! I have successfully assisted many clients like you to find relief and long term change. I am a therapist you can feel comfortable opening up too! My sessions provide empathy, insight and effective strategies to assist you to find relief and change!!
Have you experienced anxiety, depressed mood, difficult relationships or life transitions? These can be very uncomfortable!!! These feelings can be confusing and challenging!!! At times, it can feel hopeless!! Feeling like you are just going through the motions? It hurts!! I have successfully assisted many clients like you to find relief and long term change. I am a therapist you can feel comfortable opening up too! My sessions provide empathy, insight and effective strategies to assist you to find relief and change!!
(929) 207-7753 View (929) 207-7753
Photo of William Allured, PhD, Psychologist
William Allured
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003
Not accepting new clients
I have devoted my life to mastering the art of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy can use a wide variety of psychological treatments and techniques and is designed to help manage the pain, disappointment, sadness, hopelessness, and fear that come from work, relationships, and trying to move forward in our lives. Psychotherapy is also designed to help us to think more clearly about ourselves and people around us. As a result of successful psychotherapy, people go from feeling defined by their lives to creating a wide range of potentials and possibilities in the future.
I have devoted my life to mastering the art of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy can use a wide variety of psychological treatments and techniques and is designed to help manage the pain, disappointment, sadness, hopelessness, and fear that come from work, relationships, and trying to move forward in our lives. Psychotherapy is also designed to help us to think more clearly about ourselves and people around us. As a result of successful psychotherapy, people go from feeling defined by their lives to creating a wide range of potentials and possibilities in the future.
(646) 362-1233 View (646) 362-1233
Photo of Dominick Scalise, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dominick Scalise
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
My ideal client seeks self-exploration & understanding, facing issues like anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties. They need a supportive space for personal growth, aiming to gain insight, develop coping strategies, improve communication, & foster healthy relationships. They aspire to enhance mental well-being, achieve a better life quality, & unlock their full potential.
My ideal client seeks self-exploration & understanding, facing issues like anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties. They need a supportive space for personal growth, aiming to gain insight, develop coping strategies, improve communication, & foster healthy relationships. They aspire to enhance mental well-being, achieve a better life quality, & unlock their full potential.
(332) 529-8221 View (332) 529-8221
Photo of Ming Zhu, EdM, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Ming Zhu
Counselor, EdM, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10005
"Our work-together can open doors". With my empathy, wisdom and knowledge, I can aspire and inspire change in you who are eagerly seeking and waiting. As a Psychotherapist, I am, first of all, an ally who provide support and a safe space to be. Then we go on a journey together: from an unawareness of the self, from superficial goals and aims towards an understanding of your individuality and to a state of centeredness-unified, integrated self.
"Our work-together can open doors". With my empathy, wisdom and knowledge, I can aspire and inspire change in you who are eagerly seeking and waiting. As a Psychotherapist, I am, first of all, an ally who provide support and a safe space to be. Then we go on a journey together: from an unawareness of the self, from superficial goals and aims towards an understanding of your individuality and to a state of centeredness-unified, integrated self.
(646) 681-8723 View (646) 681-8723
Photo of Nayeli Azul Salazar, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nayeli Azul Salazar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I provide a warm and non-judgmental space so you can speak openly about your experiences. I bring understanding working with LGBTQ+ individuals, first and second-generation immigrants, sex workers, and those in non-monogamous relationships. As a Latina transgender woman, I understand the importance of receiving affirming care that honors your unique identity and experiences. I want to hear your values and goals to help guide the direction of therapy.
I provide a warm and non-judgmental space so you can speak openly about your experiences. I bring understanding working with LGBTQ+ individuals, first and second-generation immigrants, sex workers, and those in non-monogamous relationships. As a Latina transgender woman, I understand the importance of receiving affirming care that honors your unique identity and experiences. I want to hear your values and goals to help guide the direction of therapy.
(332) 244-1248 View (332) 244-1248
Photo of Maresa Patterson, LMSW
Maresa Patterson
LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10007
I am passionate about working with clients from all walks of life. Whether it is a child working through attachment issues, a teen wrestling with identity development, an adult going through a career change, or an older adult with questions about mortality and legacy, I seek to help clients make sense out of the confusion. We all experience feelings of sadness and anxiety sometimes, and we all struggle with accepting life's ever-shifting landscape. My goal is to create a warm, collaborative space where clients can give voice to their past, illuminate patterns they might want to change, and thus have more control over their future.
I am passionate about working with clients from all walks of life. Whether it is a child working through attachment issues, a teen wrestling with identity development, an adult going through a career change, or an older adult with questions about mortality and legacy, I seek to help clients make sense out of the confusion. We all experience feelings of sadness and anxiety sometimes, and we all struggle with accepting life's ever-shifting landscape. My goal is to create a warm, collaborative space where clients can give voice to their past, illuminate patterns they might want to change, and thus have more control over their future.
(332) 286-3891 View (332) 286-3891
Photo of Theo Eiben, MEd, LPCC, LMHC, Counselor
Theo Eiben
Counselor, MEd, LPCC, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, I believe clients hold answers within yet often feel they have lost touch with themselves. I strive to provide a safe and validating space for clients allowing them to discover intuitive answers to incorporate into a purposeful and fulfilling life. Gestalt therapy is one of my approaches which emphasizes existing wholly in the here and now. Throughout this process you can access and integrate fragmented traits generating deeper connection with yourself and others.
As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, I believe clients hold answers within yet often feel they have lost touch with themselves. I strive to provide a safe and validating space for clients allowing them to discover intuitive answers to incorporate into a purposeful and fulfilling life. Gestalt therapy is one of my approaches which emphasizes existing wholly in the here and now. Throughout this process you can access and integrate fragmented traits generating deeper connection with yourself and others.
(562) 740-8583 View (562) 740-8583
Photo of Ciara McLaughlin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ciara McLaughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
If you or your child are dealing with anxiety, stress, relationship issues, school problems, life transitions, adoption or attachment related issues, impacts of trauma, or depression, I'm listening. There is hope and a way forward. I offer a safe, supportive space to deepen self-awareness, build empowerment, and identify and alleviate sources of distress or pain to create positive, lasting change. I welcome and work with clients from all backgrounds and enjoy working with students, adults, creative types, and people of color. I also specialize in working with adoptees and their families as I am personally connected to adoption.
If you or your child are dealing with anxiety, stress, relationship issues, school problems, life transitions, adoption or attachment related issues, impacts of trauma, or depression, I'm listening. There is hope and a way forward. I offer a safe, supportive space to deepen self-awareness, build empowerment, and identify and alleviate sources of distress or pain to create positive, lasting change. I welcome and work with clients from all backgrounds and enjoy working with students, adults, creative types, and people of color. I also specialize in working with adoptees and their families as I am personally connected to adoption.
(646) 762-9014 View (646) 762-9014
Photo of Kachael Stocks, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kachael Stocks
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003
Have you felt isolated or victimized by cisnormative culture? Have the stresses and pains of life gotten too difficult to navigate alone? Do you ever feel lost and alone because the relationships you hold dear are bringing more distress than comfort and joy? Maybe you’ve tried over and over to "fix" the problem areas of your life but nothing has ever seemed to work? If any of these statements are true for you, don't lose hope. Sometimes, the struggles of life get too heavy to bear alone. Together we will uncover the strength within you to not only withstand what life throws at you, but to fully enjoy your life as well.
Have you felt isolated or victimized by cisnormative culture? Have the stresses and pains of life gotten too difficult to navigate alone? Do you ever feel lost and alone because the relationships you hold dear are bringing more distress than comfort and joy? Maybe you’ve tried over and over to "fix" the problem areas of your life but nothing has ever seemed to work? If any of these statements are true for you, don't lose hope. Sometimes, the struggles of life get too heavy to bear alone. Together we will uncover the strength within you to not only withstand what life throws at you, but to fully enjoy your life as well.
(347) 696-9704 View (347) 696-9704
Photo of Juliette F Kennedy, LCSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Juliette F Kennedy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
Therapy can create a safe and supportive environment to rebuild resiliency and a sense of balance following a crisis or major life event. For many of my patients, the decision to start a family is met with unexpected hurdles such as fertility challenges, pregnancy loss, and pregnancy and postpartum depression/anxiety. I help women navigate the isolation, loneliness and strained relationships that are common to these experiences. I hold space for both grief and hope throughout your unique journey.
Therapy can create a safe and supportive environment to rebuild resiliency and a sense of balance following a crisis or major life event. For many of my patients, the decision to start a family is met with unexpected hurdles such as fertility challenges, pregnancy loss, and pregnancy and postpartum depression/anxiety. I help women navigate the isolation, loneliness and strained relationships that are common to these experiences. I hold space for both grief and hope throughout your unique journey.
(646) 956-2019 View (646) 956-2019
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.