Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Mark Ruiz - Mark Ruiz - Anxiety Therapist NY, Counselor, LMHC
Mark Ruiz - Anxiety Therapist NY
Counselor, LMHC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Mark Ruiz lives in New York with his family, where he has started practicing with Wellness Road Psychology. Mark has honed his approach to counseling to treat anxiety, depression, stress, anger, career development, adjusting to life transitions, self-esteem building, creating work/life balance, and healing intergenerational trauma through his own experiences. Mark strongly believes that creating a safe space and building confidence with his patients contributes to building strong relationships and success. Mark’s background growing up in a shelter and his roots as a Latino-American, help him to offer culturally sensitive services.
Mark Ruiz lives in New York with his family, where he has started practicing with Wellness Road Psychology. Mark has honed his approach to counseling to treat anxiety, depression, stress, anger, career development, adjusting to life transitions, self-esteem building, creating work/life balance, and healing intergenerational trauma through his own experiences. Mark strongly believes that creating a safe space and building confidence with his patients contributes to building strong relationships and success. Mark’s background growing up in a shelter and his roots as a Latino-American, help him to offer culturally sensitive services.
(929) 200-3052 View (929) 200-3052
Photo of Andrea Rosenhaft, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Andrea Rosenhaft
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
New York, NY 10016
With 24 years of experience as an LCSW in outpatient mental health clinics, my goal is to help clients create meaningful change. I work with clients facing depression, borderline personality disorder, and eating disorders, using tailored evidence-based approaches, such as CBT and DBT, to address specific challenges. I focus on building a collaborative therapeutic relationship, recognizing your unique needs, and empowering you to navigate your personal path toward a fulfilling, balanced life. If you’re ready to take that next step, I’m here to walk alongside you for the journey, offering compassionate, personalized care.
With 24 years of experience as an LCSW in outpatient mental health clinics, my goal is to help clients create meaningful change. I work with clients facing depression, borderline personality disorder, and eating disorders, using tailored evidence-based approaches, such as CBT and DBT, to address specific challenges. I focus on building a collaborative therapeutic relationship, recognizing your unique needs, and empowering you to navigate your personal path toward a fulfilling, balanced life. If you’re ready to take that next step, I’m here to walk alongside you for the journey, offering compassionate, personalized care.
(929) 470-4071 View (929) 470-4071
Photo of Chin Teoh, Psychologist, PsyD
Chin Teoh
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who is skilled at working with clients from diverse backgrounds. I view psychotherapy as a collaborative process. I believe in providing a warm and nonjudgmental environment for my clients so that they can feel safe and supported in exploring their issues. My goal is to assist my clients in gaining better understanding of themselves and foster a sense of self acceptance and personal growth.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who is skilled at working with clients from diverse backgrounds. I view psychotherapy as a collaborative process. I believe in providing a warm and nonjudgmental environment for my clients so that they can feel safe and supported in exploring their issues. My goal is to assist my clients in gaining better understanding of themselves and foster a sense of self acceptance and personal growth.
(347) 767-3059 View (347) 767-3059
Photo of Kerin Nadler - Kerin Nadler Therapy, Art Therapist, MS, LCAT, BC-DMT, CGP
Kerin Nadler Therapy
Art Therapist, MS, LCAT, BC-DMT, CGP
New York, NY 10019
Kerin Nadler is a Psychoanalyst, Group Psychotherapist and Creative Arts Therapist. Kerin provides individual and group psychotherapy for people struggling with depression, psychosis, mood disorders, PTSD, personality disorders, anxiety and relationship issues. She received an MS from Pratt Institute. In addition to her private practice, Kerin is an individual and group therapist at Mt. Sinai Hospital and the Institute for Contemporary Psychotherapy. Kerin has been a guest lecturer at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine and Albert Einstein College of Medicine. She has also presented at local and national group psychotherapy conferences.
Kerin Nadler is a Psychoanalyst, Group Psychotherapist and Creative Arts Therapist. Kerin provides individual and group psychotherapy for people struggling with depression, psychosis, mood disorders, PTSD, personality disorders, anxiety and relationship issues. She received an MS from Pratt Institute. In addition to her private practice, Kerin is an individual and group therapist at Mt. Sinai Hospital and the Institute for Contemporary Psychotherapy. Kerin has been a guest lecturer at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine and Albert Einstein College of Medicine. She has also presented at local and national group psychotherapy conferences.
(917) 563-4932 View (917) 563-4932
Photo of Erin Miller, Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP
Erin Miller
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10014
I am a nature-loving Australian, navigating the trials and tribulations that come with calling New York City home. I have a background in nursing and received my degree in Sydney, Australia at the University of Technology. While the medical field gave me a breadth of knowledge on disease and biology, I was always more interested in patients’ stories. My curiosity, compassion, and humor in connecting with patients helped me realize my true passion lay in the heart of the mind. Thus I went on to pursue a Master’s in Counseling at NYU.
I am a nature-loving Australian, navigating the trials and tribulations that come with calling New York City home. I have a background in nursing and received my degree in Sydney, Australia at the University of Technology. While the medical field gave me a breadth of knowledge on disease and biology, I was always more interested in patients’ stories. My curiosity, compassion, and humor in connecting with patients helped me realize my true passion lay in the heart of the mind. Thus I went on to pursue a Master’s in Counseling at NYU.
(929) 305-1458 View (929) 305-1458
Photo of David Jou, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC
David Jou
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
How do we become more fully ourselves, more fully present and alive to one’s thoughts and feelings, and better aware of our own unique creative potentials? The path to this can lead to myriad emotional dysregulation, anxiety, depression, confusion, indecision about career, substance misuse, and other slings and arrows from life. I offer psychoanalytic psychotherapy that explores ways to make positive change in your life. We can work on behavioral changes but also a deeper exploration of the origins of what makes you do the things you do.
How do we become more fully ourselves, more fully present and alive to one’s thoughts and feelings, and better aware of our own unique creative potentials? The path to this can lead to myriad emotional dysregulation, anxiety, depression, confusion, indecision about career, substance misuse, and other slings and arrows from life. I offer psychoanalytic psychotherapy that explores ways to make positive change in your life. We can work on behavioral changes but also a deeper exploration of the origins of what makes you do the things you do.
(347) 801-7646 View (347) 801-7646
Photo of Anna Huang, LMSW
Anna Huang
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
I became a therapist because I believe we all need care and connection. You might be coming to therapy because you feel stuck. You might wonder why you still struggle with anxiety, depression, or a general emptiness or unease despite “knowing better.” Often what we think of as symptoms developed to protect us in a difficult time. I enjoy working with clients to go beneath the surface—not just managing distress, but getting to the root of what’s causing pain in order to move towards an embodied sense of safety and freedom.
I became a therapist because I believe we all need care and connection. You might be coming to therapy because you feel stuck. You might wonder why you still struggle with anxiety, depression, or a general emptiness or unease despite “knowing better.” Often what we think of as symptoms developed to protect us in a difficult time. I enjoy working with clients to go beneath the surface—not just managing distress, but getting to the root of what’s causing pain in order to move towards an embodied sense of safety and freedom.
(332) 301-3517 View (332) 301-3517
Photo of Jelisha Gatling, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jelisha Gatling
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You are exhausted with the same fight over and over. If you don't do it, it won't get done. You've stopped asking because what's the point? You are exhausted and feel like you are the only one trying. You feel taken for granted. You've tried saying it calmly, you've yelled, you've cried...yet you continue to feel stuck. But regardless, it goes in one ear and out the other. You can't remember how most fights started or what it was REALLY about. You wonder "Are we compatible?"
You are exhausted with the same fight over and over. If you don't do it, it won't get done. You've stopped asking because what's the point? You are exhausted and feel like you are the only one trying. You feel taken for granted. You've tried saying it calmly, you've yelled, you've cried...yet you continue to feel stuck. But regardless, it goes in one ear and out the other. You can't remember how most fights started or what it was REALLY about. You wonder "Are we compatible?"
(646) 362-5134 View (646) 362-5134
Photo of Joshua Halpenny-Nguyen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Joshua Halpenny-Nguyen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Online Only
Making ourselves vulnerable is one of the most challenging experiences we encounter. We learn to protect ourselves in various ways, sometimes affecting how we interact in social settings when talking to our friends, family, coworkers, and romantic partners. Exploring these issues can be a daunting task - but it doesn’t need to happen alone. I aim to create a safe, welcoming space so that self-exploration and self-reflection don’t seem as scary and daunting. My goal is to build a relationship where you can experience trust, comfort, and feeling understood so that it feels easier being vulnerable with yourself and others.
Making ourselves vulnerable is one of the most challenging experiences we encounter. We learn to protect ourselves in various ways, sometimes affecting how we interact in social settings when talking to our friends, family, coworkers, and romantic partners. Exploring these issues can be a daunting task - but it doesn’t need to happen alone. I aim to create a safe, welcoming space so that self-exploration and self-reflection don’t seem as scary and daunting. My goal is to build a relationship where you can experience trust, comfort, and feeling understood so that it feels easier being vulnerable with yourself and others.
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Photo of Brona Frances Hatchette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, LCSW
Brona Frances Hatchette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
When daily news triggers anxiety and feelings of helplessness, therapy offers a vital space for processing complex emotions. While global and domestic crises provide obvious sources of distress, often it's the less tangible struggles—challenging relationship patterns, self-doubt, trauma, and attachment styles formed long ago—that truly shape our daily experience. Habitual responses can feel bewildering and resistant to our conscious efforts to change them. "How am I here again?" I help illuminate these dynamics, connecting present difficulties to their roots, creating pathways toward genuine healing and lasting change.
When daily news triggers anxiety and feelings of helplessness, therapy offers a vital space for processing complex emotions. While global and domestic crises provide obvious sources of distress, often it's the less tangible struggles—challenging relationship patterns, self-doubt, trauma, and attachment styles formed long ago—that truly shape our daily experience. Habitual responses can feel bewildering and resistant to our conscious efforts to change them. "How am I here again?" I help illuminate these dynamics, connecting present difficulties to their roots, creating pathways toward genuine healing and lasting change.
(646) 480-9903 View (646) 480-9903
Photo of Jena Scott, Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC
Jena Scott
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Whether you're navigating anxiety, relationship challenges, life transitions, or deeper self-understanding, I will meet you where you are and help you towards meaningful change. My approach is warm and collaborative. I offer a safe and supportive space where clients can explore their thoughts and emotions without judgement.
Whether you're navigating anxiety, relationship challenges, life transitions, or deeper self-understanding, I will meet you where you are and help you towards meaningful change. My approach is warm and collaborative. I offer a safe and supportive space where clients can explore their thoughts and emotions without judgement.
(929) 605-2967 View (929) 605-2967
Photo of Jacob Korenstein, Counselor, LMHC
Jacob Korenstein
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
Hello, my name is Jacob Korenstein. I am a licensed mental health counselor in NY. My approach to therapy is to make it a unique experience where we tackle challenges and mental health hurdles together. I have worked with adolescent individuals couples and families for over a decade and have worked in private practice along with a variety of social programs over the years from people with severe mental illness to families, to suicidal prevention fire fighters, and many more. Ask me about my experience anytime.
Hello, my name is Jacob Korenstein. I am a licensed mental health counselor in NY. My approach to therapy is to make it a unique experience where we tackle challenges and mental health hurdles together. I have worked with adolescent individuals couples and families for over a decade and have worked in private practice along with a variety of social programs over the years from people with severe mental illness to families, to suicidal prevention fire fighters, and many more. Ask me about my experience anytime.
(929) 416-3837 View (929) 416-3837
Photo of Matthew Schneider, Psychologist, PhD
Matthew Schneider
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10014
Personal difficulties and the inner conflicts that often accompany them may present a challenge to what we understand of our identities, relationships, and personal histories. Through the work of speaking about our desires and difficulties in the presence of an attentive, skilled listener these conflicts can often reveal previously hidden truths that drive our everyday experiences. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy provides a space for confidential, non-judgmental listening and relating to the unique aspects of your experience, to help you work through conflicts.
Personal difficulties and the inner conflicts that often accompany them may present a challenge to what we understand of our identities, relationships, and personal histories. Through the work of speaking about our desires and difficulties in the presence of an attentive, skilled listener these conflicts can often reveal previously hidden truths that drive our everyday experiences. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy provides a space for confidential, non-judgmental listening and relating to the unique aspects of your experience, to help you work through conflicts.
(718) 841-0702 View (718) 841-0702
Photo of Erin Smythe, Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Erin Smythe
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
Hello! I am an LMHC with 15 years of experience working with children, teens, families, and young adults. I am an expert in working with children experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, Posttraumatic Stress, ADHD, and navigating family relationships. I enjoy working with young adults to help support transition to adulthood and career life during the college and early career seasons of life. I enjoy working with young women between the ages of 25-35 who are struggling with their career path. I offer a specific career coaching track, which is a separate service from therapy. Ask me about it!
Hello! I am an LMHC with 15 years of experience working with children, teens, families, and young adults. I am an expert in working with children experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, Posttraumatic Stress, ADHD, and navigating family relationships. I enjoy working with young adults to help support transition to adulthood and career life during the college and early career seasons of life. I enjoy working with young women between the ages of 25-35 who are struggling with their career path. I offer a specific career coaching track, which is a separate service from therapy. Ask me about it!
(347) 434-6358 View (347) 434-6358
Photo of Eleanor Cummins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Eleanor Cummins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
6 Endorsed
New York, NY 10166
Are you struggling with rumination, obsessive thinking, or overwhelming anxiety? Are your intense emotions and impulsive behaviors in the driver's seat? Not sure how to describe what's going on, but feel you're ready to change? I'm passionate about getting evidence-based psychotherapy to my clients in a way that's timely, identity-affirming, and culturally sensitive. I work with those struggling with anxiety, depression, insomnia, and obsessive compulsive disorder. I also provide comprehensive support to individuals struggling with self-harm, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and emotion dysregulation.
Are you struggling with rumination, obsessive thinking, or overwhelming anxiety? Are your intense emotions and impulsive behaviors in the driver's seat? Not sure how to describe what's going on, but feel you're ready to change? I'm passionate about getting evidence-based psychotherapy to my clients in a way that's timely, identity-affirming, and culturally sensitive. I work with those struggling with anxiety, depression, insomnia, and obsessive compulsive disorder. I also provide comprehensive support to individuals struggling with self-harm, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and emotion dysregulation.
(929) 430-2750 View (929) 430-2750
Photo of Laura Wynne, LMSW
Laura Wynne
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017
I often work with adolescents and adults who feel overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure how to move forward. They may be navigating anxiety, depression, ADHD, or a major life transition, and feel like they’ve been carrying a lot on their own. Many are looking for a space where they can slow down, talk openly, and feel truly heard without judgment. They want support in making sense of their emotions, understanding their patterns, and feeling more grounded and confident in their day-to-day lives.
I often work with adolescents and adults who feel overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure how to move forward. They may be navigating anxiety, depression, ADHD, or a major life transition, and feel like they’ve been carrying a lot on their own. Many are looking for a space where they can slow down, talk openly, and feel truly heard without judgment. They want support in making sense of their emotions, understanding their patterns, and feeling more grounded and confident in their day-to-day lives.
(646) 718-5913 View (646) 718-5913
Photo of Amanda Zoe Baten, Psychologist, PhD
Amanda Zoe Baten
Psychologist, PhD
New York, NY 10001
Dr. Baten incorporates CBT and holistic health in her practice. She helps individuals, children, families and couples develop new strategies to change old patterns. She stimulates emotional growth by teaching people to replace their self-defeating thoughts, feelings and actions with new and more effective ones. Patients are taught to identify the dysfunctional beliefs that lead to negative consequences in their mood and behavior as well as to replace poor food and lifestyle choices. She encourages individuals to be responsible for their own emotions, empowering them to change and overcome unhealthy behaviors that interfere with their ability to enjoy life.
Dr. Baten incorporates CBT and holistic health in her practice. She helps individuals, children, families and couples develop new strategies to change old patterns. She stimulates emotional growth by teaching people to replace their self-defeating thoughts, feelings and actions with new and more effective ones. Patients are taught to identify the dysfunctional beliefs that lead to negative consequences in their mood and behavior as well as to replace poor food and lifestyle choices. She encourages individuals to be responsible for their own emotions, empowering them to change and overcome unhealthy behaviors that interfere with their ability to enjoy life.
(646) 386-2182 View (646) 386-2182
Photo of Paul Jacoby, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBA
Paul Jacoby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBA
Online Only
Paul has extensive clinical experience working with individuals and couples to overcome their personal, career and relationship challenges. Paul's practice primarily focuses on helping clients strengthen their own unique emotional intelligence to empower them to achieve their individual and professional goals and enable them to lead more fulfilling lives. Paul's approaches especially help clients improve their ability to: * Resolve blocks & obstacles * Alleviate depression & anxiety * Improve their relationships * Develop self-confidence * Make better decisions * Enhance their performance * Set clear goals * Solve problems creatively * Address intimacy issues * Negotiate assertively * Parent effectively * Navigate sobriety * Manage anger & mood
Paul has extensive clinical experience working with individuals and couples to overcome their personal, career and relationship challenges. Paul's practice primarily focuses on helping clients strengthen their own unique emotional intelligence to empower them to achieve their individual and professional goals and enable them to lead more fulfilling lives. Paul's approaches especially help clients improve their ability to: * Resolve blocks & obstacles * Alleviate depression & anxiety * Improve their relationships * Develop self-confidence * Make better decisions * Enhance their performance * Set clear goals * Solve problems creatively * Address intimacy issues * Negotiate assertively * Parent effectively * Navigate sobriety * Manage anger & mood
(917) 746-1899 View (917) 746-1899
Photo of Cheryl Cottrol, MD, MPH
Cheryl Cottrol
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
As a Behavioral Neurologist, residency trained in both Psychiatry and Neurology, the treatment provided by my officranges from routine labs to specialized imaging studies. Your care will be guided by research findings combined with complimentary medicine innovations. Expert Witness Evaluations for accident and injury Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
As a Behavioral Neurologist, residency trained in both Psychiatry and Neurology, the treatment provided by my officranges from routine labs to specialized imaging studies. Your care will be guided by research findings combined with complimentary medicine innovations. Expert Witness Evaluations for accident and injury Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
(646) 718-2563 View (646) 718-2563
Photo of Esterly Valdez, LMSW
Esterly Valdez
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003
Does life feel heavy at times, as if you are carrying it all on your own or like no one truly sees things from your point of view? Now is the time to reach out for support and help. I am a queer Latino therapist and I have worked with a wide range of individuals which include teenagers, young adults, older adults, and individuals involved in the criminal justice system. I work with English and Spanish-speaking clients. My goal is always the same, which is to create a safe, welcoming space where you can come as you are, without any fear of judgment.
Does life feel heavy at times, as if you are carrying it all on your own or like no one truly sees things from your point of view? Now is the time to reach out for support and help. I am a queer Latino therapist and I have worked with a wide range of individuals which include teenagers, young adults, older adults, and individuals involved in the criminal justice system. I work with English and Spanish-speaking clients. My goal is always the same, which is to create a safe, welcoming space where you can come as you are, without any fear of judgment.
(929) 305-1746 View (929) 305-1746

See more therapy options for New York

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
64% Cigna and Evernorth
56% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.