Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Lila Wiener, LMSW
Lila Wiener
LMSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
My ideal client is someone seeking clarity and balance, whether they’re navigating overwhelming emotions, struggling with black-and-white thinking, or striving to improve their relationships. They may feel stuck or disconnected, but they’re ready to explore their thoughts and feelings with openness and curiosity. They want tools to manage emotions, communicate effectively, and build stronger connections. Whether an individual or a couple, their goal is to heal, grow, and create meaningful change—and I’m here to guide them toward the fulfilling life they envision.
My ideal client is someone seeking clarity and balance, whether they’re navigating overwhelming emotions, struggling with black-and-white thinking, or striving to improve their relationships. They may feel stuck or disconnected, but they’re ready to explore their thoughts and feelings with openness and curiosity. They want tools to manage emotions, communicate effectively, and build stronger connections. Whether an individual or a couple, their goal is to heal, grow, and create meaningful change—and I’m here to guide them toward the fulfilling life they envision.
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Photo of Raina Wadhawan, Counselor, EdM, LMHC, LPC
Raina Wadhawan
Counselor, EdM, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
A satisfying life requires a balance between how much attention we pay to the external world (work, relationships, etc.) and the extent to which we attend to our internal, emotional world. This can be challenging because our culture favors focusing on external stimulus (relationship status, satisfying societal expectations, getting a job promotion, comparing our lives to Instagram highlight reels) over our vast internal worlds. It’s almost by design that we spend so much time focusing outside ourselves!
A satisfying life requires a balance between how much attention we pay to the external world (work, relationships, etc.) and the extent to which we attend to our internal, emotional world. This can be challenging because our culture favors focusing on external stimulus (relationship status, satisfying societal expectations, getting a job promotion, comparing our lives to Instagram highlight reels) over our vast internal worlds. It’s almost by design that we spend so much time focusing outside ourselves!
(718) 521-2984 View (718) 521-2984
Photo of Michael Bohuski, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Michael Bohuski
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
I work with diverse adult individuals of all ages. I have helped clients tame their perfectionism, get out of depressive ruts, invigorate their social lives, grieve losses, adapt to big changes, communicate effectively, and live their best lives with ADHD, ASD, and Bipolar. I was an environmental engineer before becoming a therapist.
I work with diverse adult individuals of all ages. I have helped clients tame their perfectionism, get out of depressive ruts, invigorate their social lives, grieve losses, adapt to big changes, communicate effectively, and live their best lives with ADHD, ASD, and Bipolar. I was an environmental engineer before becoming a therapist.
(646) 715-9470 View (646) 715-9470
Photo of Sam Fortune, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sam Fortune
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life can be overwhelming with complex and unexpected stressors occurring everyday. Additionally, it can feel isolating when you feel no one understands you or not having anyone to confide in. In my practice, I provide a safe space where you can openly speak about your feelings and find comfort.
Life can be overwhelming with complex and unexpected stressors occurring everyday. Additionally, it can feel isolating when you feel no one understands you or not having anyone to confide in. In my practice, I provide a safe space where you can openly speak about your feelings and find comfort.
(914) 690-7809 View (914) 690-7809
Photo of Frankie Chanel Janiec, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Frankie Chanel Janiec
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10038
Frankie Chanel Janiec is a Licensed Master Social Worker in New York who has been practicing since 2019. Frankie has IFS level 1 training and Queer/LGBTQIA focus. She has a BASW from the University of Washington School of Social Work and an MSW from New York University Silver School of Social Work. Frankie is a compassionate and dedicated holistic therapist with a passion for promoting mental health and well-being in the LGBTQI community and other populations. With a background in CBT, she offers a unique and affirming approach to help individuals on their journey toward self-discovery, healing, and personal growth.
Frankie Chanel Janiec is a Licensed Master Social Worker in New York who has been practicing since 2019. Frankie has IFS level 1 training and Queer/LGBTQIA focus. She has a BASW from the University of Washington School of Social Work and an MSW from New York University Silver School of Social Work. Frankie is a compassionate and dedicated holistic therapist with a passion for promoting mental health and well-being in the LGBTQI community and other populations. With a background in CBT, she offers a unique and affirming approach to help individuals on their journey toward self-discovery, healing, and personal growth.
(929) 498-5160 View (929) 498-5160
Photo of Jacqueline C Bonnafous, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jacqueline C Bonnafous
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028
For the past 30 years, I have worked with clients who have to deal with multitude issues such as depression, interpersonal relationships, losses and grief, family conflict, as well as self-esteem. I am a psychoanalyst. Over the years, I have developed an eclectic approach to treatment. Being in French, I can help individuals and parents to deal with variousl multicultural differences. There is no need to struggle on your own.
For the past 30 years, I have worked with clients who have to deal with multitude issues such as depression, interpersonal relationships, losses and grief, family conflict, as well as self-esteem. I am a psychoanalyst. Over the years, I have developed an eclectic approach to treatment. Being in French, I can help individuals and parents to deal with variousl multicultural differences. There is no need to struggle on your own.
(646) 651-4266 View (646) 651-4266
Photo of Rhonda Kontner, Counselor, LMHC
Rhonda Kontner
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Rhonda Kontner and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor based in New York and working with clients throughout the state through telehealth. I work with adults with ADHD, anxiety, stress and depression. I also work on general mental health issues and pathways to personal growth and elevated self-esteem. I also work with children and families I also work with children and families on behavioral issues and provide assistance with relationships including navigating family separations. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to assist patients in working through their issues.
My name is Rhonda Kontner and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor based in New York and working with clients throughout the state through telehealth. I work with adults with ADHD, anxiety, stress and depression. I also work on general mental health issues and pathways to personal growth and elevated self-esteem. I also work with children and families I also work with children and families on behavioral issues and provide assistance with relationships including navigating family separations. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to assist patients in working through their issues.
(914) 928-2815 View (914) 928-2815
Photo of Joy Canfield, Psychologist, PhD
Joy Canfield
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10170
Dr. Canfield provides a wide spectrum of therapy, consultation & personal and career coaching to individuals seeking to develop a plan for goal achievement. Dr. Canfield assists clients in identifying any circumstances - personal or professional - that may be interfering with goal achievement. The emphasis of Dr. Canfield's clinical work is in the use of cognitive behavioral and solution focused psychology. The focus of her work with individuals and groups is collaborative, practical, and grounded in common sense. Dr. Canfield's clients benefit from her healthful, balanced approach to optimistic living.
Dr. Canfield provides a wide spectrum of therapy, consultation & personal and career coaching to individuals seeking to develop a plan for goal achievement. Dr. Canfield assists clients in identifying any circumstances - personal or professional - that may be interfering with goal achievement. The emphasis of Dr. Canfield's clinical work is in the use of cognitive behavioral and solution focused psychology. The focus of her work with individuals and groups is collaborative, practical, and grounded in common sense. Dr. Canfield's clients benefit from her healthful, balanced approach to optimistic living.
(646) 606-3968 View (646) 606-3968
Photo of Adriana Gambino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, DipACLM
Adriana Gambino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, DipACLM
Verified Verified
Online Only
I help people alleviate uncomfortable feelings, gain insight, and increase coping skills to overcome stress, anxiety, depression and life transitions (such as relocation, career transitions). Part of being human means that you will struggle at some point with unproductive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, or unexpectedly have to manage something life throws your way. Clients I work with are motivated to develop advanced life skills to increase their self-confidence, communication, decision making and boundary setting skills. As well as optimize their emotional health/ well-being and are seeking tools to assist them in the process.
I help people alleviate uncomfortable feelings, gain insight, and increase coping skills to overcome stress, anxiety, depression and life transitions (such as relocation, career transitions). Part of being human means that you will struggle at some point with unproductive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, or unexpectedly have to manage something life throws your way. Clients I work with are motivated to develop advanced life skills to increase their self-confidence, communication, decision making and boundary setting skills. As well as optimize their emotional health/ well-being and are seeking tools to assist them in the process.
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Photo of Joshua David Hendrickson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, CHC, PMH
Joshua David Hendrickson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, CHC, PMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
I believe that every child has the innate capacity to grow, thrive, and overcome challenges. My approach to therapy is centered on fostering emotional literacy—helping children understand, express, and regulate their emotions with confidence. I view therapy as a collaborative space where children can explore their emotions, build resilience, and develop the skills they need to navigate life’s challenges. Using a strength-based, integrative, and person-centered approach, I combine an understanding of the mind-body connection with practical strategies for emotional regulation, stress management, and relationship building.
I believe that every child has the innate capacity to grow, thrive, and overcome challenges. My approach to therapy is centered on fostering emotional literacy—helping children understand, express, and regulate their emotions with confidence. I view therapy as a collaborative space where children can explore their emotions, build resilience, and develop the skills they need to navigate life’s challenges. Using a strength-based, integrative, and person-centered approach, I combine an understanding of the mind-body connection with practical strategies for emotional regulation, stress management, and relationship building.
(631) 449-7904 View (631) 449-7904
Photo of Yuri Danilov, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Yuri Danilov
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi, my name is Yuri and I want to create spaces for people to unwind and release, facilitating a place for comfort, privacy, safety, venting, learning, and growth. Starting therapy can sound daunting, having to open up and be vulnerable in hopes of getting better. You've already taken the first step by being here and reading this! Imagine your life being fulfilled with a sense of purpose, calm, and at any point a tough spot arises, you know how to manage your feelings and the situation in front of you. As our journey here comes together, I look forward to be the guide and ask you the questions you need to find your path.
Hi, my name is Yuri and I want to create spaces for people to unwind and release, facilitating a place for comfort, privacy, safety, venting, learning, and growth. Starting therapy can sound daunting, having to open up and be vulnerable in hopes of getting better. You've already taken the first step by being here and reading this! Imagine your life being fulfilled with a sense of purpose, calm, and at any point a tough spot arises, you know how to manage your feelings and the situation in front of you. As our journey here comes together, I look forward to be the guide and ask you the questions you need to find your path.
(929) 822-6834 View (929) 822-6834
Photo of Andrew Scherbarth, Psychologist, PhD
Andrew Scherbarth
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a Clinical Psychologist with 13+ years working with clients across the lifespan, & I currently serve adults & teens ages 16+ via video telehealth services. My areas of expertise include: anxiety, depression, anger, life changes (adjusting to new family situations, jobs, schools, relocation, burnout), ADHD, OCD, ASD, & parenting. People seek therapy with me because they want their life to "fit better," without so much stress. They want to be more fulfilled, and get relief from the stress. They typically don't know 100% what to do, but we start figuring it out together.
I am a Clinical Psychologist with 13+ years working with clients across the lifespan, & I currently serve adults & teens ages 16+ via video telehealth services. My areas of expertise include: anxiety, depression, anger, life changes (adjusting to new family situations, jobs, schools, relocation, burnout), ADHD, OCD, ASD, & parenting. People seek therapy with me because they want their life to "fit better," without so much stress. They want to be more fulfilled, and get relief from the stress. They typically don't know 100% what to do, but we start figuring it out together.
(718) 504-1788 View (718) 504-1788
Photo of Fatima Lundy, MSEd, MHC-LP
Fatima Lundy
MSEd, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Drawing from her affiliations with the esteemed Chi Sigma Iota Counseling Honor Society, American Counseling Association (ACA), and the National Society of Leadership and Success (NSLS), Fatima's dedication to her craft shines through. Her diverse experience spans across assisting children, adolescents, and adults who grapple with anxiety, depression, ADHD, life transitions, and various other life stressors. Guided by an integrative approach, she fosters a safe haven that embraces non-judgment and nurtures self-compassion, allowing her clients to explore their innermost thoughts and emotions freely.
Drawing from her affiliations with the esteemed Chi Sigma Iota Counseling Honor Society, American Counseling Association (ACA), and the National Society of Leadership and Success (NSLS), Fatima's dedication to her craft shines through. Her diverse experience spans across assisting children, adolescents, and adults who grapple with anxiety, depression, ADHD, life transitions, and various other life stressors. Guided by an integrative approach, she fosters a safe haven that embraces non-judgment and nurtures self-compassion, allowing her clients to explore their innermost thoughts and emotions freely.
(646) 585-0618 View (646) 585-0618
Photo of Mary Claudia Wall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, FIPA
Mary Claudia Wall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, FIPA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023
Right out of the starting gate, if you haven't noticed, the world we are living in is more than challenging!. It can be helpful to allow yourself to know what you are feeling and to have someone you trust to express those feellings without fear of judgement. I mean someone who is comfortable enough in their own skin to contain those feelings for you til you can make sense of them. In addition, It's important to know there is no "right" way to express yourself.. Initially, one may be using action as a way to express oneself. Then over time one develops the capacity for introspection, an important tool for navigating our world.
Right out of the starting gate, if you haven't noticed, the world we are living in is more than challenging!. It can be helpful to allow yourself to know what you are feeling and to have someone you trust to express those feellings without fear of judgement. I mean someone who is comfortable enough in their own skin to contain those feelings for you til you can make sense of them. In addition, It's important to know there is no "right" way to express yourself.. Initially, one may be using action as a way to express oneself. Then over time one develops the capacity for introspection, an important tool for navigating our world.
(646) 600-8172 View (646) 600-8172
Photo of Ana Ursachi, MS, MHC-LP
Ana Ursachi
MS, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10012
Therapy can feel incredibly overwhelming for a variety of reasons – whether it is your first session, or your hundredth. My goal as a therapist is to make you feel comfortable, safe, and cared for. I greatly value the relationship I have with each of my clients, as it sets the foundation for the success of the work we will do together. I tailor my approach uniquely to each of my clients, but woven through all my sessions and interactions is a mix of compassion, encouragement, psychoeducation, and sometimes a little bit of humor (life is hard enough, don’t you think?).
Therapy can feel incredibly overwhelming for a variety of reasons – whether it is your first session, or your hundredth. My goal as a therapist is to make you feel comfortable, safe, and cared for. I greatly value the relationship I have with each of my clients, as it sets the foundation for the success of the work we will do together. I tailor my approach uniquely to each of my clients, but woven through all my sessions and interactions is a mix of compassion, encouragement, psychoeducation, and sometimes a little bit of humor (life is hard enough, don’t you think?).
(646) 921-3102 View (646) 921-3102
Photo of Hollin Hanau, MHC-LP
Hollin Hanau
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hollin Hanau is a compassionate and warm individual with a passion for helping individuals live their most fulfilling lives. She works with a variety of clients, including individuals, couples, and groups, Hollin incorporates theory from various modalities into her work, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Strength Focused Therapy, and Client-Centered Therapy. Clients can expect Hollin to be warm, empathetic, open-minded, and direct. When working with Hollin, clients can expect to take away an increased self-awareness, particularly in terms of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Hollin Hanau is a compassionate and warm individual with a passion for helping individuals live their most fulfilling lives. She works with a variety of clients, including individuals, couples, and groups, Hollin incorporates theory from various modalities into her work, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Strength Focused Therapy, and Client-Centered Therapy. Clients can expect Hollin to be warm, empathetic, open-minded, and direct. When working with Hollin, clients can expect to take away an increased self-awareness, particularly in terms of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
(347) 427-5900 View (347) 427-5900
Photo of Gillious Soler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Gillious Soler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am experienced in supporting High-Stress Professionals and veterans with PTSD, trauma survivors, and individuals facing sexual addiction or relationship challenges. Are you overwhelmed by stress, past trauma, or relationship struggles? Let’s work together to bring you relief, confidence, and balance. I use an eclectic approach, combining various proven methods, to address your unique challenges and goals. We’ll reframe negative thoughts, build resilience, and create a pathway to healing. Each session is tailored to your unique journey, ensuring meaningful progress and lasting transformation.
I am experienced in supporting High-Stress Professionals and veterans with PTSD, trauma survivors, and individuals facing sexual addiction or relationship challenges. Are you overwhelmed by stress, past trauma, or relationship struggles? Let’s work together to bring you relief, confidence, and balance. I use an eclectic approach, combining various proven methods, to address your unique challenges and goals. We’ll reframe negative thoughts, build resilience, and create a pathway to healing. Each session is tailored to your unique journey, ensuring meaningful progress and lasting transformation.
(646) 566-8715 View (646) 566-8715
Photo of Jennifer Wheeler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jennifer Wheeler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
Not accepting new clients
I work with people who just want to feel happy, safe, and be able to connect with others. If you are feeling down, lonely or lost; I can help. As a therapist, my goal is to create a safe place where you can freely express yourself without judgment, explore whatever is troubling you, and develop strategies to facilitate the change you desire. Together we will figure out what is holding you back and how to overcome it.
I work with people who just want to feel happy, safe, and be able to connect with others. If you are feeling down, lonely or lost; I can help. As a therapist, my goal is to create a safe place where you can freely express yourself without judgment, explore whatever is troubling you, and develop strategies to facilitate the change you desire. Together we will figure out what is holding you back and how to overcome it.
(917) 746-7845 View (917) 746-7845
Photo of Melissa Siegman (Kanterman), Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Melissa Siegman (Kanterman)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi! My name is Melissa and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing in New York and Florida. My focus is on chronic illness, anxiety, depression, body image, grief, life transitions, maternal health, postpartum mood disorders, and interpersonal/relationship concerns. I use cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), strengths-based approach and person centered approach to help clients overcome obstacles and live a more fulfilling life. I believe that personal growth lies within all of us, and I value the opportunity to work with clients to reach their goals and elicit change.
Hi! My name is Melissa and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing in New York and Florida. My focus is on chronic illness, anxiety, depression, body image, grief, life transitions, maternal health, postpartum mood disorders, and interpersonal/relationship concerns. I use cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), strengths-based approach and person centered approach to help clients overcome obstacles and live a more fulfilling life. I believe that personal growth lies within all of us, and I value the opportunity to work with clients to reach their goals and elicit change.
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Photo of Julia Masters, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Julia Masters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Julia Masters is an Licensed Clinical Social Worker who earned her MSW from the University of Michigan School of Social Work and her BA in Psychology from the University of Pennsylvania.
Julia Masters is an Licensed Clinical Social Worker who earned her MSW from the University of Michigan School of Social Work and her BA in Psychology from the University of Pennsylvania.
(929) 395-1446 View (929) 395-1446
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
66% Cigna and Evernorth
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.