Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Cass Hinlicky, Counselor, LMHC
Cass Hinlicky
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Waitlist for new clients
Society puts us into boxes every day, but I believe in living life in the space in between. Therapy is a place where we can shed the expectations of others and give space for our authentic selves. Together we will explore your past experiences and identify your intentions for what comes next. My therapeutic style is direct but stems from a place of non-judgmental empathy; so while you can rest assured that I will be here to help you navigate your self-exploration, you will need to be prepared to be in the driver’s seat.
Society puts us into boxes every day, but I believe in living life in the space in between. Therapy is a place where we can shed the expectations of others and give space for our authentic selves. Together we will explore your past experiences and identify your intentions for what comes next. My therapeutic style is direct but stems from a place of non-judgmental empathy; so while you can rest assured that I will be here to help you navigate your self-exploration, you will need to be prepared to be in the driver’s seat.
(347) 229-9548 View (347) 229-9548
Photo of Stephanie Mendell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Stephanie Mendell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
4 Endorsed
Online Only
I specialize in supporting women through the unique challenges of infertility, pregnancy, postpartum transitions, and the early years of parenting. Many of my clients come to me feeling isolated, misunderstood, overwhelmed, or uncertain as they navigate their current struggles, emotional ups and downs, or complex lifestyle shifts. In our work together, we’ll create a compassionate space to process the mix of emotions that can arise. I will help you to develop tools to manage stress, strengthen self-compassion, and feel more grounded and centered during times that can feel unpredictable and exhausting.
I specialize in supporting women through the unique challenges of infertility, pregnancy, postpartum transitions, and the early years of parenting. Many of my clients come to me feeling isolated, misunderstood, overwhelmed, or uncertain as they navigate their current struggles, emotional ups and downs, or complex lifestyle shifts. In our work together, we’ll create a compassionate space to process the mix of emotions that can arise. I will help you to develop tools to manage stress, strengthen self-compassion, and feel more grounded and centered during times that can feel unpredictable and exhausting.
(646) 503-0299 View (646) 503-0299
Photo of Kelsea Verdi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kelsea Verdi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As a trained sex therapist, I enjoy working with queer, trans, kinky and poly folks who are exploring and expanding their sexual lives, whether that be in identity or practice. I also work with individuals to provide support for dyspareunia, vaginismus, anorgasmia, adenomyosis, endometriosis, erectile dysfunction, changes in libido, and desire discrepancy. Additionally, I specialize in OCD and use iCBT for those looking to manage triggers & compulsions.
As a trained sex therapist, I enjoy working with queer, trans, kinky and poly folks who are exploring and expanding their sexual lives, whether that be in identity or practice. I also work with individuals to provide support for dyspareunia, vaginismus, anorgasmia, adenomyosis, endometriosis, erectile dysfunction, changes in libido, and desire discrepancy. Additionally, I specialize in OCD and use iCBT for those looking to manage triggers & compulsions.
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Photo of Jon Wallis, Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC
Jon Wallis
Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
I work with individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, loneliness, feelings of stuckness in relationships or career, and loss of purpose in life. Many of the patients I’ve worked with want a deeper understanding of themselves, a more fulfilling life, and closer relationships. My work is rooted in psychodynamic theory, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Emotionally Focused Therapy. I work with couples who are experiencing conflict, confusion, and cycles of disconnection. My couple's work is EFCT, an evidence-based treatment aimed at strengthening bonds and approaching negative cycles in a collaborative way.
I work with individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, loneliness, feelings of stuckness in relationships or career, and loss of purpose in life. Many of the patients I’ve worked with want a deeper understanding of themselves, a more fulfilling life, and closer relationships. My work is rooted in psychodynamic theory, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Emotionally Focused Therapy. I work with couples who are experiencing conflict, confusion, and cycles of disconnection. My couple's work is EFCT, an evidence-based treatment aimed at strengthening bonds and approaching negative cycles in a collaborative way.
(332) 222-6454 View (332) 222-6454
Photo of Michael Rose, Pre-Licensed Professional
Michael Rose
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Hi, I’m Michael (he/him), and I believe therapy is, at its core, a relational process rooted in feeling genuinely heard, understood, and supported. My presence with clients is calm and curious, while also direct, and I work to create a space where people feel safe bringing their full selves into the room.
Hi, I’m Michael (he/him), and I believe therapy is, at its core, a relational process rooted in feeling genuinely heard, understood, and supported. My presence with clients is calm and curious, while also direct, and I work to create a space where people feel safe bringing their full selves into the room.
(917) 310-5199 View (917) 310-5199
Photo of Julia Bartz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Julia Bartz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
New York, NY 10003
Some people come to therapy knowing exactly what they want to work on. Others have a more vague sense that something in their lives is wrong. Both motivations can be an incredible opportunity to learn more about oneself and figure out how to build a more authentic and fulfilling life. I work with clients who may experience anxiety, depression, or the effects of trauma. I also assist clients in identifying and breaking outside of societal norms to figure out their true personal and interpersonal needs. With couples (including those in ENM/open/poly relationships), I use a variety of methods to help build stronger relationships.
Some people come to therapy knowing exactly what they want to work on. Others have a more vague sense that something in their lives is wrong. Both motivations can be an incredible opportunity to learn more about oneself and figure out how to build a more authentic and fulfilling life. I work with clients who may experience anxiety, depression, or the effects of trauma. I also assist clients in identifying and breaking outside of societal norms to figure out their true personal and interpersonal needs. With couples (including those in ENM/open/poly relationships), I use a variety of methods to help build stronger relationships.
(646) 956-2557 View (646) 956-2557
Photo of Fall Willeboordse, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Fall Willeboordse
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
New York, NY 10001
As a psychotherapist and psychoanalyst I work with adults, young adults and adolescents around issues of depression, anxiety, loss and trauma. My practice includes those who are at the edge of major life changes and those who feel themselves outside the norm. I work with survivors and children of survivors of trauma, whether inter-familial or war-related, as well as those who find themselves living in multiple worlds (cultural, socioeconomic, racial, ethnic, religious, etc.). Areas of focus include adoption, immigration, and identity.
As a psychotherapist and psychoanalyst I work with adults, young adults and adolescents around issues of depression, anxiety, loss and trauma. My practice includes those who are at the edge of major life changes and those who feel themselves outside the norm. I work with survivors and children of survivors of trauma, whether inter-familial or war-related, as well as those who find themselves living in multiple worlds (cultural, socioeconomic, racial, ethnic, religious, etc.). Areas of focus include adoption, immigration, and identity.
(646) 600-5258 View (646) 600-5258
Photo of Sara Christian Kliger, Creative Arts Therapist, MA, LCAT, RDT
Sara Christian Kliger
Creative Arts Therapist, MA, LCAT, RDT
Online Only
Do you find yourself having difficulty communicating with others? Do you want to make a career change? Do you want to make other life transitions? Are you needing support with feelings of loss, anxiety, or depression? Are you having a difficult time expressing yourself in order to honor your TRUE identities? Do you feel that you struggle with finding your voice and your confidence? If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, working with me might be beneficial to you. I am happy to share that I have openings in my practice for older teens (17+), young adults, and adults.
Do you find yourself having difficulty communicating with others? Do you want to make a career change? Do you want to make other life transitions? Are you needing support with feelings of loss, anxiety, or depression? Are you having a difficult time expressing yourself in order to honor your TRUE identities? Do you feel that you struggle with finding your voice and your confidence? If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, working with me might be beneficial to you. I am happy to share that I have openings in my practice for older teens (17+), young adults, and adults.
(516) 701-2940 View (516) 701-2940
Photo of Annette Trincher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Annette Trincher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you overwhelmed by your thoughts and emotions and stuck in a loop or spiral you cant seem to stop? Does this prevent you from living the best life possible? I have over 20 years of experience in providing treatment. I specialize in treating anxiety, depressive disorders and relationship difficulties. My approach assists in gaining control of behaviors and developing strategies/skills to apply to avoid undesired reactions. You are the expert on yourself. So lets work together to understand what your strengths are and how to build skills to attain your goals.
Are you overwhelmed by your thoughts and emotions and stuck in a loop or spiral you cant seem to stop? Does this prevent you from living the best life possible? I have over 20 years of experience in providing treatment. I specialize in treating anxiety, depressive disorders and relationship difficulties. My approach assists in gaining control of behaviors and developing strategies/skills to apply to avoid undesired reactions. You are the expert on yourself. So lets work together to understand what your strengths are and how to build skills to attain your goals.
(929) 481-3262 View (929) 481-3262
Photo of Heather Davidson, Psychologist, PsyD, BCN, PMH-C
Heather Davidson
Psychologist, PsyD, BCN, PMH-C
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10128
Heather Davidson, Psy.D., BCN is a New York State licensed child psychologist and board certified in neurofeedback. She is currently the Director of Child and Adolescent Services and the Director of Clinical Training at Behavioral Associates on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. She conducts neuropsychological and educational testing evaluations for school enrollment, individualized education plans (IEPs.), and child custody cases. A unique aspect that is included in all neuropsychological assessments is the use of qEEG (brain mapping). She also works with adults and specializes in the treatment of adult ADHD, as well as anxiety and depressive disorders.
Heather Davidson, Psy.D., BCN is a New York State licensed child psychologist and board certified in neurofeedback. She is currently the Director of Child and Adolescent Services and the Director of Clinical Training at Behavioral Associates on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. She conducts neuropsychological and educational testing evaluations for school enrollment, individualized education plans (IEPs.), and child custody cases. A unique aspect that is included in all neuropsychological assessments is the use of qEEG (brain mapping). She also works with adults and specializes in the treatment of adult ADHD, as well as anxiety and depressive disorders.
(914) 908-5387 View (914) 908-5387
Photo of Lauren Milo, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Lauren Milo
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
4 Endorsed
Online Only
To understand yourself on a deeper level and come home to yourself each night, is to show yourself the highest level of love and care. In session we work together to cultivate that sense of self trust so you can continue nurturing and supporting yourself each day.
To understand yourself on a deeper level and come home to yourself each night, is to show yourself the highest level of love and care. In session we work together to cultivate that sense of self trust so you can continue nurturing and supporting yourself each day.
(332) 378-5946 View (332) 378-5946
Photo of Erica Silberstein, Psychologist, PsyD
Erica Silberstein
Psychologist, PsyD
5 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you find yourself stuck in patterns of procrastination and perfectionism, or at the mercy to your own self critic? Does it feel like you get caught up in moving away from negative experiences instead of moving towards meaningful ones? I am committed to helping my clients face the obstacles that get in the way of leading rich, meaningful lives. As a clinical psychologist, I specialize in treating anxiety-related issues including generalized anxiety, OCD, panic, social anxiety, and phobias. I also help my patients develop effective tools to manage stress, procrastination, perfectionism, problematic eating.
Do you find yourself stuck in patterns of procrastination and perfectionism, or at the mercy to your own self critic? Does it feel like you get caught up in moving away from negative experiences instead of moving towards meaningful ones? I am committed to helping my clients face the obstacles that get in the way of leading rich, meaningful lives. As a clinical psychologist, I specialize in treating anxiety-related issues including generalized anxiety, OCD, panic, social anxiety, and phobias. I also help my patients develop effective tools to manage stress, procrastination, perfectionism, problematic eating.
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Photo of Anam Chaudhry, Counselor, LMHC
Anam Chaudhry
Counselor, LMHC
New York, NY 10011
Accepting new clients! If you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed by emotions, or struggling to cope with stress, relationships, or past experiences, you don’t have to figure it out alone. Therapy can help you understand what’s holding you back, build healthier coping skills, and create real, lasting change. Together, we’ll work toward greater self-awareness, emotional balance, and practical tools you can use in everyday life.
Accepting new clients! If you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed by emotions, or struggling to cope with stress, relationships, or past experiences, you don’t have to figure it out alone. Therapy can help you understand what’s holding you back, build healthier coping skills, and create real, lasting change. Together, we’ll work toward greater self-awareness, emotional balance, and practical tools you can use in everyday life.
(646) 766-9675 View (646) 766-9675
Photo of Kristin Doran, Counselor, LMHC, CASAC-M
Kristin Doran
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC-M
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome! My name is Kristin Doran and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. I hold a Masters Degree in Mental Health Counseling from Long Island University. I am also a masters level CASAC and have 10 years experience supporting individuals living with dual diagnosis as well as substance use difficulties. I have experience treating anxiety, depression, issues surrounding self-esteem, maladaptive coping skills, stress management, in addition to life transitions and relationship issues.
Welcome! My name is Kristin Doran and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. I hold a Masters Degree in Mental Health Counseling from Long Island University. I am also a masters level CASAC and have 10 years experience supporting individuals living with dual diagnosis as well as substance use difficulties. I have experience treating anxiety, depression, issues surrounding self-esteem, maladaptive coping skills, stress management, in addition to life transitions and relationship issues.
(631) 837-2858 View (631) 837-2858
Photo of Patricia Kummel, Psychologist, JD, PhD
Patricia Kummel
Psychologist, JD, PhD
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024
I enjoy working with people who are motivated to understand and address their issues. Most people come in with relationship, family and/or work and career issues and many express feelings of depression, anxiety or "stuckness" about where they are in their lives. People exist within the context of their families, workplaces and friendships. I help them understand the roles they take up in relationships and how to make adjustments to improve the quality of their interactions and decision making processes. I use EMDR along with talk therapy and homework assignments, as appropriate.
I enjoy working with people who are motivated to understand and address their issues. Most people come in with relationship, family and/or work and career issues and many express feelings of depression, anxiety or "stuckness" about where they are in their lives. People exist within the context of their families, workplaces and friendships. I help them understand the roles they take up in relationships and how to make adjustments to improve the quality of their interactions and decision making processes. I use EMDR along with talk therapy and homework assignments, as appropriate.
(646) 600-9033 View (646) 600-9033
Photo of Solomon Wells, Counselor, LMHC
Solomon Wells
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
My name is Solomon Wells, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) and a Master’s-level Credentialed Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counselor (CASAC) with over 20 years of experience. I specialize in couples therapy, sexuality (LGBTQI+), anxiety, depression, addiction (substance use and process), anger management, self-esteem, and behavioral issues. My upbringing and life experiences have greatly influenced the therapist I’ve become. As a person of color, I’ve learned to transform adversity into strength, resilience, and empathy.
My name is Solomon Wells, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) and a Master’s-level Credentialed Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counselor (CASAC) with over 20 years of experience. I specialize in couples therapy, sexuality (LGBTQI+), anxiety, depression, addiction (substance use and process), anger management, self-esteem, and behavioral issues. My upbringing and life experiences have greatly influenced the therapist I’ve become. As a person of color, I’ve learned to transform adversity into strength, resilience, and empathy.
(646) 640-8355 View (646) 640-8355
Photo of Deborah Neft, Psychologist, PhD
Deborah Neft
Psychologist, PhD
New York, NY 10017
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who offers virtual and in-person sessions (in my Westchester Rye, NY office). I provide individual and couples therapy for a wide range of mental health issues. My aim is to use the most up-to-date and efficient therapeutic methods to help you accomplish your goals and live a more fulfilling life. I feel strongly that therapy is most effective when delivered in a supportive and non-judgmental environment. I strive to create an atmosphere that allows my clients to feel comfortable and understood.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who offers virtual and in-person sessions (in my Westchester Rye, NY office). I provide individual and couples therapy for a wide range of mental health issues. My aim is to use the most up-to-date and efficient therapeutic methods to help you accomplish your goals and live a more fulfilling life. I feel strongly that therapy is most effective when delivered in a supportive and non-judgmental environment. I strive to create an atmosphere that allows my clients to feel comfortable and understood.
(646) 600-5136 x2 View (646) 600-5136 x2
Photo of Barri Hammer, Psychologist, PhD
Barri Hammer
Psychologist, PhD
New York, NY 10028
I am an experienced clinical psychologist who is dedicated to helping individuals and couples move forward in their lives through a better understanding of the obstacles in their paths. Your concerns may involve relationship difficulties, family issues, professional conflicts or a general sense that you are not proceeding in life the way you had hoped. You may be struggling with feelings of anxiety, sadness or depression. I have particular expertise working with individuals who are dealing with chronic illnesses and the family members who are supporting these individuals.
I am an experienced clinical psychologist who is dedicated to helping individuals and couples move forward in their lives through a better understanding of the obstacles in their paths. Your concerns may involve relationship difficulties, family issues, professional conflicts or a general sense that you are not proceeding in life the way you had hoped. You may be struggling with feelings of anxiety, sadness or depression. I have particular expertise working with individuals who are dealing with chronic illnesses and the family members who are supporting these individuals.
(646) 846-8794 View (646) 846-8794
Photo of Marianne Naomi Findler, Psychologist, PhD
Marianne Naomi Findler
Psychologist, PhD
New York, NY 10023
My practice focuses on: ·Psychotherapy for individuals across the life span (children, adolescents and adults), as well as for families and couples. As a therapist, I seeks to help individuals bring meaning, words and expression to their experiences that resist easy understanding. I work collaboratively to create a language for unexamined feelings and to create a space and time for their exploration, reflection and examination. ·Comprehensive neuropsychological, psychodiagnostic, educational and psychological evaluations for children (5 and up), adolescents and adults. This process serves to highlight strengths as well as clarify whether there are any learning/cognitive and/or psychological issues.
My practice focuses on: ·Psychotherapy for individuals across the life span (children, adolescents and adults), as well as for families and couples. As a therapist, I seeks to help individuals bring meaning, words and expression to their experiences that resist easy understanding. I work collaboratively to create a language for unexamined feelings and to create a space and time for their exploration, reflection and examination. ·Comprehensive neuropsychological, psychodiagnostic, educational and psychological evaluations for children (5 and up), adolescents and adults. This process serves to highlight strengths as well as clarify whether there are any learning/cognitive and/or psychological issues.
(646) 791-2778 View (646) 791-2778
Photo of Israel Z Meth, Psychologist, PhD, JD
Israel Z Meth
Psychologist, PhD, JD
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10023
As a compassionate and thoughtful psychologist, I am very interested in getting to know you, your triumphs as well as your struggles. I work with individuals, couples, families with adult members, and groups, from late adolescence to older adulthood. My work is collaborative, starting with creating a safe, non-judgmental space in which you can feel increasingly comfortable and open to sharing with me your symptoms, experiences, behaviors, and relationship patterns. I will endeavor to help you to know and negotiate the external and internal obstacles preventing you from achieving contentment in your life.
As a compassionate and thoughtful psychologist, I am very interested in getting to know you, your triumphs as well as your struggles. I work with individuals, couples, families with adult members, and groups, from late adolescence to older adulthood. My work is collaborative, starting with creating a safe, non-judgmental space in which you can feel increasingly comfortable and open to sharing with me your symptoms, experiences, behaviors, and relationship patterns. I will endeavor to help you to know and negotiate the external and internal obstacles preventing you from achieving contentment in your life.
(646) 779-8643 View (646) 779-8643

See more therapy options for New York

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
60% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
67% Cigna and Evernorth
58% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.