Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Suany Aquino-Chudavala, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Suany Aquino-Chudavala
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
All challenges matter, no matter how big or how small, what anyone goes through is relevant and important. To tackle challenges you need to show up and be ready to work, be ready to face your fears and frustrations. Everyone wants to be in a place of peace and health. That's what therapy is for, to bring you closer to a better version of yourself. Everyone wants to get resolved, achieve closure and self actualize.
All challenges matter, no matter how big or how small, what anyone goes through is relevant and important. To tackle challenges you need to show up and be ready to work, be ready to face your fears and frustrations. Everyone wants to be in a place of peace and health. That's what therapy is for, to bring you closer to a better version of yourself. Everyone wants to get resolved, achieve closure and self actualize.
(929) 470-1214 View (929) 470-1214
Photo of Cameron Riley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Cameron Riley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
New York, NY 10007
I am a lifelong New Yorker and understand the stresses that accompany the rich experiences and opportunities of city life. I understand how the city's pace and culture can make it difficult to ask for help; it can be even harder for those struggling with anxiety, depression, or relationship challenges. You may be discouraged or wonder if there’s any possibility for change. Whatever brings you to therapy, rest assured that I will respect and honor the courage required to make that change in a caring and supportive environment.
I am a lifelong New Yorker and understand the stresses that accompany the rich experiences and opportunities of city life. I understand how the city's pace and culture can make it difficult to ask for help; it can be even harder for those struggling with anxiety, depression, or relationship challenges. You may be discouraged or wonder if there’s any possibility for change. Whatever brings you to therapy, rest assured that I will respect and honor the courage required to make that change in a caring and supportive environment.
(929) 207-9974 View (929) 207-9974
Photo of Lizzie Toepler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Lizzie Toepler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
If you’re struggling with the changes and challenges that life can bring, I understand and I’m here to help! Therapy that is grounded in a strong therapeutic relationship can be a useful tool to process feelings while working to build on pre-existing strengths and skills to navigate difficult times. I work to create a comfortable and supportive space to collaborate with clients to discover what they most need and help facilitate reflection, healing, and growth. I work primarily with adolescents and adults who may be struggling with anxiety, OCD, depression, grief, relationship challenges, and life transitions.
If you’re struggling with the changes and challenges that life can bring, I understand and I’m here to help! Therapy that is grounded in a strong therapeutic relationship can be a useful tool to process feelings while working to build on pre-existing strengths and skills to navigate difficult times. I work to create a comfortable and supportive space to collaborate with clients to discover what they most need and help facilitate reflection, healing, and growth. I work primarily with adolescents and adults who may be struggling with anxiety, OCD, depression, grief, relationship challenges, and life transitions.
(929) 822-4485 View (929) 822-4485
Photo of Emily Sterns, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Emily Sterns
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
9 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
Emily Sterns, LMSW specializes in supporting individuals who experience self-doubt, difficulty in relationships, anxiety, eating disorders and low self-esteem. Emily helps her clients to recognize and make the changes necessary to create a life they love. Through several years of clinical experience, Emily has found that therapy is most effective when grounded in understanding, collaboration, and motivation. She prioritizes creating a supportive environment in which individuals feel both safe and inspired to make powerful strides towards a more fulfilled self.
Emily Sterns, LMSW specializes in supporting individuals who experience self-doubt, difficulty in relationships, anxiety, eating disorders and low self-esteem. Emily helps her clients to recognize and make the changes necessary to create a life they love. Through several years of clinical experience, Emily has found that therapy is most effective when grounded in understanding, collaboration, and motivation. She prioritizes creating a supportive environment in which individuals feel both safe and inspired to make powerful strides towards a more fulfilled self.
(551) 257-2352 View (551) 257-2352
Photo of Haroula Ntalla, Licensed Psychoanalyst, MSEd, CSE , LP, FIPA
Haroula Ntalla
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MSEd, CSE , LP, FIPA
New York, NY 10011
We all face difficult times in our lives, regardless of our age. Some individuals decide to confront these challenges on their own, while others choose to share their thoughts, worries, pain, anger, and frustrations with someone who can support them in resolving their conflicts. Engaging in therapy can profoundly change a person's life, but it requires a genuine desire and willingness to do so.Haroula is a Doctoral Candidate in Clinical Psychoanalysis at BGSP, a New York State Licensed Psychoanalyst, and a Certified Psychoanalyst at CFS-NY. She works with children, adults, and couples grappling with mental health issues.
We all face difficult times in our lives, regardless of our age. Some individuals decide to confront these challenges on their own, while others choose to share their thoughts, worries, pain, anger, and frustrations with someone who can support them in resolving their conflicts. Engaging in therapy can profoundly change a person's life, but it requires a genuine desire and willingness to do so.Haroula is a Doctoral Candidate in Clinical Psychoanalysis at BGSP, a New York State Licensed Psychoanalyst, and a Certified Psychoanalyst at CFS-NY. She works with children, adults, and couples grappling with mental health issues.
(914) 252-3284 View (914) 252-3284
Photo of Mindy R Schiffman, Psychologist, PhD
Mindy R Schiffman
Psychologist, PhD
Online Only
After more than 40 years in practice, I have found that most clients need a combination of support, insight, and challenging interactions to help them grow and move past whatever obstacles they are facing. I work with individuals and couples on the most intimate aspects of their lives, including their sexuality, relationships, and life and death issues. My style is interactive, and employs uncovering family of origin dynamics, but also more practical, cognitive and behavioral methods to help make changes more quickly.
After more than 40 years in practice, I have found that most clients need a combination of support, insight, and challenging interactions to help them grow and move past whatever obstacles they are facing. I work with individuals and couples on the most intimate aspects of their lives, including their sexuality, relationships, and life and death issues. My style is interactive, and employs uncovering family of origin dynamics, but also more practical, cognitive and behavioral methods to help make changes more quickly.
(646) 600-5190 View (646) 600-5190
Photo of Snigdha Rathor, Psychologist, PsyD
Snigdha Rathor
Psychologist, PsyD
New York, NY 10003
I am trained in CBT and insight oriented therapies, and most importantly believe in using therapy to create concrete and recognizable life changes to help you feel better. I believe fit and comfort between therapist and patient are key to the therapeutic process. Whether you are coming to reduce your anxiety, improve your relationships or build self-esteem, I tailor our work together to best meet your needs. I consider my role to help you gain support, but also to gain a different perspective.
I am trained in CBT and insight oriented therapies, and most importantly believe in using therapy to create concrete and recognizable life changes to help you feel better. I believe fit and comfort between therapist and patient are key to the therapeutic process. Whether you are coming to reduce your anxiety, improve your relationships or build self-esteem, I tailor our work together to best meet your needs. I consider my role to help you gain support, but also to gain a different perspective.
(646) 681-1765 View (646) 681-1765
Photo of Gianna Xagoraris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Gianna Xagoraris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can be a tumultuous journey, especially during adolescence and young adulthood, when the world seems both vast and daunting. Whether it's navigating academic pressures, relationship dynamics, identity exploration, or familial conflicts, these pivotal stages can often leave individuals and families feeling overwhelmed, lost, or disconnected.
Life can be a tumultuous journey, especially during adolescence and young adulthood, when the world seems both vast and daunting. Whether it's navigating academic pressures, relationship dynamics, identity exploration, or familial conflicts, these pivotal stages can often leave individuals and families feeling overwhelmed, lost, or disconnected.
(646) 350-2167 View (646) 350-2167
Photo of Gloria Kimbulu, LMSW
Gloria Kimbulu
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You deserve a space where you don’t have to translate your identity or explain the intensity of the world to be seen. My approach to trauma-informed therapeutic work is rooted in healing justice, collaboration, anti-oppression, and an ethic of care. I am a Black lesbian African immigrant therapist who provides therapy in English and Spanish. I welcome clients from all walks of life and am most experienced in supporting Black people throughout the African diaspora, immigrants and children of immigrants, and queer and trans people of color.
You deserve a space where you don’t have to translate your identity or explain the intensity of the world to be seen. My approach to trauma-informed therapeutic work is rooted in healing justice, collaboration, anti-oppression, and an ethic of care. I am a Black lesbian African immigrant therapist who provides therapy in English and Spanish. I welcome clients from all walks of life and am most experienced in supporting Black people throughout the African diaspora, immigrants and children of immigrants, and queer and trans people of color.
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Photo of Melissa Maria Flores, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Melissa Maria Flores
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Melissa Flores is a bilingual licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a client-centered and trauma-informed approach, graduated magna cum laude from one of Touro's MFT masters programs, and has provided psychotherapy for 8 years to a wide range of people. Melissa has experience working with individuals of all ages, couples, and families. She creates a creative, collaborative, and safe environment for clients to feel encouraged to step outside of their comfort zone and thrive. Melissa provides individual, couples, and family therapy as well as groups for organizations, anger management, parenting classes, and couples groups.
Melissa Flores is a bilingual licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a client-centered and trauma-informed approach, graduated magna cum laude from one of Touro's MFT masters programs, and has provided psychotherapy for 8 years to a wide range of people. Melissa has experience working with individuals of all ages, couples, and families. She creates a creative, collaborative, and safe environment for clients to feel encouraged to step outside of their comfort zone and thrive. Melissa provides individual, couples, and family therapy as well as groups for organizations, anger management, parenting classes, and couples groups.
(646) 437-8138 View (646) 437-8138
Photo of Samuel Parton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Samuel Parton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
New York, NY 10024
Sam specializes in CBT and DBT – two of the most effective evidence-based therapeutic modalities – to help clients of all ages change unhelpful thought processes, face their fears, learn better emotional regulation, and build interpersonal skills. Sam’s solution-focused, client-centric treatment helps clients define their goals and allows them to leverage their own strengths and support systems to achieve them. Clients praise his warm demeanor, which makes them feel heard and valued during sessions, and leave treatment with newfound confidence and the tools to navigate life's challenges successfully and lead more fulfilling lives.
Sam specializes in CBT and DBT – two of the most effective evidence-based therapeutic modalities – to help clients of all ages change unhelpful thought processes, face their fears, learn better emotional regulation, and build interpersonal skills. Sam’s solution-focused, client-centric treatment helps clients define their goals and allows them to leverage their own strengths and support systems to achieve them. Clients praise his warm demeanor, which makes them feel heard and valued during sessions, and leave treatment with newfound confidence and the tools to navigate life's challenges successfully and lead more fulfilling lives.
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Photo of Susan Marie Horvatits, Counselor, LMHC, LPC, NYSCPS
Susan Marie Horvatits
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, NYSCPS
2 Endorsed
Online Only
The most integral aspect of counseling is coming from a person centered, peer and trauma informed focus that is collaborative and culturally sensitive and competent, meaning, providing you with the autonomy and agency to decide what coping skills, care, and approach is best suited for you. Working as a team is imperative in order for each session to feel like a conversation and not something purely clinical. Providing you with resources you need and desire, along with actively listening, being empathic, and present, creates the ideal atmosphere for healing. It is my honor and privilege to be of assistance to you.
The most integral aspect of counseling is coming from a person centered, peer and trauma informed focus that is collaborative and culturally sensitive and competent, meaning, providing you with the autonomy and agency to decide what coping skills, care, and approach is best suited for you. Working as a team is imperative in order for each session to feel like a conversation and not something purely clinical. Providing you with resources you need and desire, along with actively listening, being empathic, and present, creates the ideal atmosphere for healing. It is my honor and privilege to be of assistance to you.
(631) 405-7043 View (631) 405-7043
Photo of Arisleydi (Aris) Garcia, Counselor, LMHC, RYT200, CMHIMP
Arisleydi (Aris) Garcia
Counselor, LMHC, RYT200, CMHIMP
10 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you experiencing difficulty with life transitions, change in culture, career concerns, and/or relationship issues? Do you wish to find a balance with all your roles and identities? Most of us wear many hats daily which can lead us to feeling overstimulated, anxious, and depressed. Sometimes we have an extensive support system but find ourselves unwilling to share vulnerable thoughts and feelings. If you are experiencing anxiety or feeling discontent as a result of change, this is the place for you. I offer culturally sensitive, holistic, evidenced based therapy to help you face change and improve your overall quality of life.
Are you experiencing difficulty with life transitions, change in culture, career concerns, and/or relationship issues? Do you wish to find a balance with all your roles and identities? Most of us wear many hats daily which can lead us to feeling overstimulated, anxious, and depressed. Sometimes we have an extensive support system but find ourselves unwilling to share vulnerable thoughts and feelings. If you are experiencing anxiety or feeling discontent as a result of change, this is the place for you. I offer culturally sensitive, holistic, evidenced based therapy to help you face change and improve your overall quality of life.
(914) 344-6545 View (914) 344-6545
Photo of Lisa Wilhelmy, Licensed Mental Health Counselor
Lisa Wilhelmy
Licensed Mental Health Counselor
New York, NY 10016
Hi, I’m Lisa Wilhelmy, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) dedicated to helping adults navigate life’s challenges with greater clarity and confidence. I work with individuals facing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, life transitions, stress, ADHD, OCD, PTSD, grief, and relationship difficulties. I aim to provide a compassionate space where you feel seen, heard, and supported in your growth.
Hi, I’m Lisa Wilhelmy, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) dedicated to helping adults navigate life’s challenges with greater clarity and confidence. I work with individuals facing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, life transitions, stress, ADHD, OCD, PTSD, grief, and relationship difficulties. I aim to provide a compassionate space where you feel seen, heard, and supported in your growth.
(646) 453-5033 View (646) 453-5033
Photo of Lucie Gibson, Counselor, LMHC
Lucie Gibson
Counselor, LMHC
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10023
I work with people experiencing anxiety, mood difficulties, low self-worth, sadness, grief and feelings of overwhelm that often show up during transitions in our lives. This includes becoming a parent, going through a divorce, death of a loved one, starting a new career, entering peri-menopause or menopause, moving, becoming an empty-nester and more. The stress during major transitions can lead to feelings of confusion, stuckness, difficulty with making decisions, loss of identity, higher emotionality and overall feeling unsettled.
I work with people experiencing anxiety, mood difficulties, low self-worth, sadness, grief and feelings of overwhelm that often show up during transitions in our lives. This includes becoming a parent, going through a divorce, death of a loved one, starting a new career, entering peri-menopause or menopause, moving, becoming an empty-nester and more. The stress during major transitions can lead to feelings of confusion, stuckness, difficulty with making decisions, loss of identity, higher emotionality and overall feeling unsettled.
(845) 318-1203 View (845) 318-1203
Photo of Anna G Reyna, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCM
Anna G Reyna
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCM
Online Only
Clients may seek me out as a therapist because they need support in the areas of their mental health and overall well-being. I enjoy getting to know my clients and helping them on their journey to improved health and happiness, stability, and growth. Adults, families, children and adolescents all have individual needs and challenges in their lives, that may arise from family of origin issues, trauma, disabilities, etc. The goal is to assist people in overcoming these adverse experiences, by learning and growing in their awareness, and developing new ways of more fully engaging in life and improving overall life satisfaction.
Clients may seek me out as a therapist because they need support in the areas of their mental health and overall well-being. I enjoy getting to know my clients and helping them on their journey to improved health and happiness, stability, and growth. Adults, families, children and adolescents all have individual needs and challenges in their lives, that may arise from family of origin issues, trauma, disabilities, etc. The goal is to assist people in overcoming these adverse experiences, by learning and growing in their awareness, and developing new ways of more fully engaging in life and improving overall life satisfaction.
(646) 286-5212 View (646) 286-5212
Photo of Dana Lyn Koonce, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Dana Lyn Koonce
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
New York, NY 10005
Do you want to feel greater overall satisfaction in your relationships with both yourself and others? Imagine starting and ending your day feeling confident, content, and focused. My main treatment goal is to help you acquire positive coping skills that you can take with you so that you do not need to remain in therapy forever. I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with eight years of experience providing individual, family, couple, and group therapy to children, adolescents, and adults.
Do you want to feel greater overall satisfaction in your relationships with both yourself and others? Imagine starting and ending your day feeling confident, content, and focused. My main treatment goal is to help you acquire positive coping skills that you can take with you so that you do not need to remain in therapy forever. I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with eight years of experience providing individual, family, couple, and group therapy to children, adolescents, and adults.
(201) 331-9008 View (201) 331-9008
Photo of Sanford Landa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sanford Landa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in New York and Florida with many years of experience with both individual and emotion-focused couples therapy to people of all ages and from various different backgrounds. I typically work with those experiencing depression, anxiety, emotion dysregulation, relationship issues, addiction, OCD, ADHD, life transitions and personality disorders. I also work with clients experiencing complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) or complex trauma, utilizing attachment-based therapy.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in New York and Florida with many years of experience with both individual and emotion-focused couples therapy to people of all ages and from various different backgrounds. I typically work with those experiencing depression, anxiety, emotion dysregulation, relationship issues, addiction, OCD, ADHD, life transitions and personality disorders. I also work with clients experiencing complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) or complex trauma, utilizing attachment-based therapy.
(929) 410-5746 View (929) 410-5746
Photo of Jordan Gaches, MHC-LP
Jordan Gaches
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Hello! It’s wonderful you’re thinking about therapy. I’ve been in your situation before – reading therapist bios can be exhausting – but it’s comforting how, even in the worst of times, considering new perspectives can help us in unexpected ways. I originally moved to New York to be an actor, but after being diagnosed with OCD, I also became passionate about helping others with mental health issues. By respecting your unique backgrounds and beliefs, I strive to create a compassionate and empathetic space where self-reflection feels safe.
Hello! It’s wonderful you’re thinking about therapy. I’ve been in your situation before – reading therapist bios can be exhausting – but it’s comforting how, even in the worst of times, considering new perspectives can help us in unexpected ways. I originally moved to New York to be an actor, but after being diagnosed with OCD, I also became passionate about helping others with mental health issues. By respecting your unique backgrounds and beliefs, I strive to create a compassionate and empathetic space where self-reflection feels safe.
(929) 282-0546 View (929) 282-0546
Photo of Gloriane Roberson - Gloriane Roberson (w/ Mirielle Therapy Practice), Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Gloriane Roberson (w/ Mirielle Therapy Practice)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Mirielle Therapy Practice is a group practice that specializes in helping early and mid-career stage women who are looking to make important changes in their lives. Our purpose is to work collaboratively with you so that you do not feel alone. As our client, it is important that you feel comfortable and accepted. We value working with women from a multitude of religious backgrounds, nationalities, sexual orientations, and ethnic/cultural identities.
Mirielle Therapy Practice is a group practice that specializes in helping early and mid-career stage women who are looking to make important changes in their lives. Our purpose is to work collaboratively with you so that you do not feel alone. As our client, it is important that you feel comfortable and accepted. We value working with women from a multitude of religious backgrounds, nationalities, sexual orientations, and ethnic/cultural identities.
(929) 207-5719 View (929) 207-5719

See more therapy options for New York

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$199

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
60% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
66% Cigna and Evernorth
58% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.