Therapists in Brooklyn, NY

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Photo of Anne Stern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Anne Stern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Brooklyn, NY 11242
Working for two decades with individuals and couples has continually shown me the value of therapy, and I have abundant respect for the courage it takes to seek help. I integrate relational, mindfulness, EFT, IFS and other talk therapy perspectives and, when it feels right for my clients, EMDR and Somatic Experiencing. These latter two modalities address trauma as well as many other areas of life. A certified EMDR consultant, I facilitate trainings and provide individual/group supervision for fellow therapists working with EMDR.
Working for two decades with individuals and couples has continually shown me the value of therapy, and I have abundant respect for the courage it takes to seek help. I integrate relational, mindfulness, EFT, IFS and other talk therapy perspectives and, when it feels right for my clients, EMDR and Somatic Experiencing. These latter two modalities address trauma as well as many other areas of life. A certified EMDR consultant, I facilitate trainings and provide individual/group supervision for fellow therapists working with EMDR.
(917) 563-2373 View (917) 563-2373
Photo of Yaritza Waddell, Psychologist, PsyD
Yaritza Waddell
Psychologist, PsyD
Brooklyn, NY 11231
Yaritza Waddell, Psy.D. is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in evaluations and treatments for children, adolescents, and young adults. She earned her doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Roosevelt University and completed her predoctoral training at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Kennedy Krieger Institute. Her expertise extends to addressing the psychological impact of medical conditions, helping individuals and families improve treatment adherence, coping strategies, adjustment, pain and anxiety management, and overall behavioral health outcomes.
Yaritza Waddell, Psy.D. is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in evaluations and treatments for children, adolescents, and young adults. She earned her doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Roosevelt University and completed her predoctoral training at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Kennedy Krieger Institute. Her expertise extends to addressing the psychological impact of medical conditions, helping individuals and families improve treatment adherence, coping strategies, adjustment, pain and anxiety management, and overall behavioral health outcomes.
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Photo of Anne-Sophie Hubschwerlin, Pre-Licensed Professional
Anne-Sophie Hubschwerlin
Pre-Licensed Professional
Online Only
Bilingual in French and English, I help sensitive individuals, often expatriates or in life transitions, break free from repetitive patterns and reclaim their agency by offering a space of deep, analytical listening, turning their emotions into tools for clarity and confidence. I draw on a psychodynamic understanding of difficulties: how unconscious conflicts, often stemming from childhood or past trauma, can replay in the present, in our relationships, emotions, or how we relate to ourselves. The goal is to foster deeper self-awareness, find meaning in recurring patterns, and open a path toward transformation and to feel better.
Bilingual in French and English, I help sensitive individuals, often expatriates or in life transitions, break free from repetitive patterns and reclaim their agency by offering a space of deep, analytical listening, turning their emotions into tools for clarity and confidence. I draw on a psychodynamic understanding of difficulties: how unconscious conflicts, often stemming from childhood or past trauma, can replay in the present, in our relationships, emotions, or how we relate to ourselves. The goal is to foster deeper self-awareness, find meaning in recurring patterns, and open a path toward transformation and to feel better.
(929) 828-7191 View (929) 828-7191
Photo of Moya Heyward, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Moya Heyward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Online Only
Do you find yourself worrying about things you can’t control? Do you act impulsively, reacting without thinking of consequences? Do you find yourself having negative self-talk or low self-worth? Are you finding it a challenge to communicate healthily with your child, family, friends, or partner? Are you someone who is struggling with developing healthy habits? Are you having a hard time resolving conflicts or maintaining healthy relationships? Do you need help setting limits with your children? Feeling stressed out and overwhelmed? If you answered yes to any of the questions above, I welcome an opportunity to work with you.
Do you find yourself worrying about things you can’t control? Do you act impulsively, reacting without thinking of consequences? Do you find yourself having negative self-talk or low self-worth? Are you finding it a challenge to communicate healthily with your child, family, friends, or partner? Are you someone who is struggling with developing healthy habits? Are you having a hard time resolving conflicts or maintaining healthy relationships? Do you need help setting limits with your children? Feeling stressed out and overwhelmed? If you answered yes to any of the questions above, I welcome an opportunity to work with you.
(929) 374-2310 View (929) 374-2310
Photo of Christine Peters, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Christine Peters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brooklyn, NY 11231
Christine has over 10 years of therapy experience, utilizing Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and other approaches. She received her degree from New York University and is also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. She has experience working with children, adolescents, and adults for a variety of issues. These include depression, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, phobias, panic, anger, stress, insomnia, ADHD, autism, developmental delays, and work/home/school issues.
Christine has over 10 years of therapy experience, utilizing Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and other approaches. She received her degree from New York University and is also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. She has experience working with children, adolescents, and adults for a variety of issues. These include depression, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, phobias, panic, anger, stress, insomnia, ADHD, autism, developmental delays, and work/home/school issues.
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Photo of Maha Benkirane, Counselor, LMHC, LP
Maha Benkirane
Counselor, LMHC, LP
Online Only
As a certified school counselor pursuing licensure in mental health counseling, I bring both experience and a deep passion for supporting individuals in finding clarity and confidence on their journey. Taking the step to seek counseling is a powerful act of self-care. Life can present challenges that feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to navigate them alone. My approach is goal-oriented, strengths-based, and is tailored to each individual’s unique needs.
As a certified school counselor pursuing licensure in mental health counseling, I bring both experience and a deep passion for supporting individuals in finding clarity and confidence on their journey. Taking the step to seek counseling is a powerful act of self-care. Life can present challenges that feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to navigate them alone. My approach is goal-oriented, strengths-based, and is tailored to each individual’s unique needs.
(929) 209-3441 View (929) 209-3441
Photo of Adiasha Richards-Thornhill - Growth and Transitions Counseling- Somatic Trauma, Counselor, LMHC-D, LPC
Growth and Transitions Counseling- Somatic Trauma
Counselor, LMHC-D, LPC
11 Endorsed
Online Only
You may have done therapy before but still find yourself feeling stuck, reactive, or disconnected. Maybe your nervous system still goes into overdrive in certain situations. You’ve made progress, but parts of you still carry fear, shame, or protective patterns that feel hard to shift on your own. We’ll work gently and intentionally—using tools like breathwork, body awareness, and shadow work—to explore your inner world and move beyond just coping.
You may have done therapy before but still find yourself feeling stuck, reactive, or disconnected. Maybe your nervous system still goes into overdrive in certain situations. You’ve made progress, but parts of you still carry fear, shame, or protective patterns that feel hard to shift on your own. We’ll work gently and intentionally—using tools like breathwork, body awareness, and shadow work—to explore your inner world and move beyond just coping.
(347) 429-7973 View (347) 429-7973
Photo of Wananan Phualek Wolovsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAPP
Wananan Phualek Wolovsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAPP
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Life transitions and challenges are your opportunity to heal and grow. I specialize in helping romantic couples improve communication and deepen their connections. I help each partner explore their nurturance barriers and learn to relate compassionately to themselves and their partner. I am a certified Imago Relationship therapist, Licensed Master Social Worker, Certified Applied Positive Psychology Practitioner, and Energy Psychology Practitioner.
Life transitions and challenges are your opportunity to heal and grow. I specialize in helping romantic couples improve communication and deepen their connections. I help each partner explore their nurturance barriers and learn to relate compassionately to themselves and their partner. I am a certified Imago Relationship therapist, Licensed Master Social Worker, Certified Applied Positive Psychology Practitioner, and Energy Psychology Practitioner.
(646) 791-3552 View (646) 791-3552
Photo of Magdala Nelson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Magdala Nelson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brooklyn, NY 11236
Self-betterment is an investment that is aligned with self-love and positive reinforcement. I believe that identifying the underlying issues is imperative to effectively manage and increase your resilience against daily stressors. My ultimate goal is to build a trusting client-therapist relationship that will promote change and lead to a positive psychotherapy outcome.
Self-betterment is an investment that is aligned with self-love and positive reinforcement. I believe that identifying the underlying issues is imperative to effectively manage and increase your resilience against daily stressors. My ultimate goal is to build a trusting client-therapist relationship that will promote change and lead to a positive psychotherapy outcome.
(917) 451-7738 View (917) 451-7738
Photo of Amaranta Medina-Seabright, Art Therapist, MPS, LCAT, ATR-BC
Amaranta Medina-Seabright
Art Therapist, MPS, LCAT, ATR-BC
2 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11205
I approach my therapeutic practice through an anti-oppressive lens with a combination of psychodynamic, humanistic, and relational theories. Oftentimes, words alone cannot fully capture a feeling, or experience, nor can they allow us to fully process our traumas. For those who are interested, I offer Art Therapy and EMDR Therapy to facilitate a more wholistic approach to your therapeutic journey. Additionally, as a queer, brown woman, I have a particular interest in supporting others who identify as BIPOC and/or LGBTQ+.
I approach my therapeutic practice through an anti-oppressive lens with a combination of psychodynamic, humanistic, and relational theories. Oftentimes, words alone cannot fully capture a feeling, or experience, nor can they allow us to fully process our traumas. For those who are interested, I offer Art Therapy and EMDR Therapy to facilitate a more wholistic approach to your therapeutic journey. Additionally, as a queer, brown woman, I have a particular interest in supporting others who identify as BIPOC and/or LGBTQ+.
(917) 970-1985 View (917) 970-1985
Photo of Scott Waltman, Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Scott Waltman
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Brooklyn, NY 11231
Dr. Waltman is a master clinician at the forefront of modern Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). With a wealth of experience as a clinician, international trainer, bestselling author, and researcher who develops the very therapy itself, he brings a unique blend of expertise, insight, and compassion to his work. Specializing in case-conceptualization driven therapy, he tailors his interventions to meet the unique needs of each client and is known for his extensive knowledge of therapy tools and cutting-edge strategies. By creating holistic, individualized treatment plans, he helps clients overcome barriers and achieve lasting change.
Dr. Waltman is a master clinician at the forefront of modern Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). With a wealth of experience as a clinician, international trainer, bestselling author, and researcher who develops the very therapy itself, he brings a unique blend of expertise, insight, and compassion to his work. Specializing in case-conceptualization driven therapy, he tailors his interventions to meet the unique needs of each client and is known for his extensive knowledge of therapy tools and cutting-edge strategies. By creating holistic, individualized treatment plans, he helps clients overcome barriers and achieve lasting change.
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Photo of Maya Williamson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Maya Williamson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brooklyn, NY 11217
The decision to begin therapy is a courageous one, whether you are looking for support during an especially stressful time or are interested in understanding deeply-rooted patterns that no longer serve you. I acknowledge this powerful step forward and pledge to work collaboratively with you to create a safe, gentle space that encourages you to feel grounded and connected to your authentic self.
The decision to begin therapy is a courageous one, whether you are looking for support during an especially stressful time or are interested in understanding deeply-rooted patterns that no longer serve you. I acknowledge this powerful step forward and pledge to work collaboratively with you to create a safe, gentle space that encourages you to feel grounded and connected to your authentic self.
(929) 552-2785 View (929) 552-2785
Photo of Danielle Diegue, Counselor, LMHC
Danielle Diegue
Counselor, LMHC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I have had the privilege of working with a wide variety of clients from all walks of life. I have experience conducting individual, couples, and group therapy. I have worked with clients that struggled with diagnosis that ranged from anxiety/depression to schizophrenia to substance use disorders. I have also worked with clients who have struggled with stress management, self-esteem, and family/work issues.
I have had the privilege of working with a wide variety of clients from all walks of life. I have experience conducting individual, couples, and group therapy. I have worked with clients that struggled with diagnosis that ranged from anxiety/depression to schizophrenia to substance use disorders. I have also worked with clients who have struggled with stress management, self-esteem, and family/work issues.
(347) 514-6695 View (347) 514-6695
Photo of Saul D. Raw - Saul D. Raw, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Saul D. Raw, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
With over 40 years of clinical experience, my practice is located in the Park Slope section of Brooklyn and is convenient to public transportation. Faculty Weill Medical College of Cornell University Department of Psychiatry 1979-2014.Former Professional Associate (Psychiatry), The New York Presbyterian Hospital. My approach is integrative and I do both long and short-term work. I believe that psychotherapy must be adapted to the person and not the other way around. I have extensive experience in the treatment of anxiety and depression, relationship and sexual problems, and fears, phobias, and obsessions.
With over 40 years of clinical experience, my practice is located in the Park Slope section of Brooklyn and is convenient to public transportation. Faculty Weill Medical College of Cornell University Department of Psychiatry 1979-2014.Former Professional Associate (Psychiatry), The New York Presbyterian Hospital. My approach is integrative and I do both long and short-term work. I believe that psychotherapy must be adapted to the person and not the other way around. I have extensive experience in the treatment of anxiety and depression, relationship and sexual problems, and fears, phobias, and obsessions.
(718) 682-7508 View (718) 682-7508
Photo of Khana Kleyn, Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC
Khana Kleyn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC
Brooklyn, NY 11230
Khana hails from Russia, Colorado and New York, she has an excellent sense of humor that is counterbalanced with her deep, existential views on life and life’s processes. Khana specializes in trauma processing, attention disorders, grief counseling, chronic illness support and family (marriage/divorce/coparenting) therapy. Khana is also qualified to provide therapeutic supervised visits and evaluations for learning disabilities and neurodiversity. Khana is experienced and very comfortable working with survivors of emotional, sexual and physical violence and those recovering from narcissistic relationships.
Khana hails from Russia, Colorado and New York, she has an excellent sense of humor that is counterbalanced with her deep, existential views on life and life’s processes. Khana specializes in trauma processing, attention disorders, grief counseling, chronic illness support and family (marriage/divorce/coparenting) therapy. Khana is also qualified to provide therapeutic supervised visits and evaluations for learning disabilities and neurodiversity. Khana is experienced and very comfortable working with survivors of emotional, sexual and physical violence and those recovering from narcissistic relationships.
(718) 395-6899 View (718) 395-6899
Photo of Elora Silver, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Elora Silver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with individuals who are seeking to build healthy relationships, manage anxiety and emotional dysregulation, improve self-esteem, and heal from trauma. I care about centering justice and inclusivity in my work, and have experience working with queer, bipoc, nonmonogamous, poly, kinky, fat, and disabled individuals.
I work with individuals who are seeking to build healthy relationships, manage anxiety and emotional dysregulation, improve self-esteem, and heal from trauma. I care about centering justice and inclusivity in my work, and have experience working with queer, bipoc, nonmonogamous, poly, kinky, fat, and disabled individuals.
(646) 564-1954 View (646) 564-1954
Piaget Griffin
Licensed Master Social Worker
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
“And you? When will you begin that long journey into yourself?” - Rumi. Somewhere under all of your life’s layers, trauma and many responsibilities lie an undiscovered you. Life often presents us with transition or even crises that force us into rediscovery. Are you ready? My name is Piaget, and I would like to partner with you along your new journey. As a licensed therapist, I am purposed and committed to provide a secure yet unbounded space where we explore your past, present, and everything in between at the right pace.
“And you? When will you begin that long journey into yourself?” - Rumi. Somewhere under all of your life’s layers, trauma and many responsibilities lie an undiscovered you. Life often presents us with transition or even crises that force us into rediscovery. Are you ready? My name is Piaget, and I would like to partner with you along your new journey. As a licensed therapist, I am purposed and committed to provide a secure yet unbounded space where we explore your past, present, and everything in between at the right pace.
(929) 470-3394 View (929) 470-3394
Photo of Jennifer A. Gutmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jennifer A. Gutmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I am deeply committed to supporting individuals on their journey towards healing, growth, and empowerment. With a holistic and client-centered approach, I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental space where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Drawing from various therapeutic modalities, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based approaches, trauma-informed care, and narrative therapy, I tailor my interventions to meet the specific needs of each individual. I believe in empowering clients to cultivate self-awareness, build coping skills, and develop healthy coping mechanisms.
I am deeply committed to supporting individuals on their journey towards healing, growth, and empowerment. With a holistic and client-centered approach, I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental space where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Drawing from various therapeutic modalities, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based approaches, trauma-informed care, and narrative therapy, I tailor my interventions to meet the specific needs of each individual. I believe in empowering clients to cultivate self-awareness, build coping skills, and develop healthy coping mechanisms.
(929) 528-5119 View (929) 528-5119
Photo of Anna Reyes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Anna Reyes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
6 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with queer and BIPOC adults who are tired of performing competence while feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or disconnected underneath. You may be highly capable, driven, and successful, yet still rely on shape-shifting, self-abandonment, or overfunctioning in ways that once helped you survive. Now those patterns are creating strain in your body, your relationships, and your daily life. You want a deeper kind of healing—one that helps you feel more clear, grounded, more honest, and more authentically yourself.
I work with queer and BIPOC adults who are tired of performing competence while feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or disconnected underneath. You may be highly capable, driven, and successful, yet still rely on shape-shifting, self-abandonment, or overfunctioning in ways that once helped you survive. Now those patterns are creating strain in your body, your relationships, and your daily life. You want a deeper kind of healing—one that helps you feel more clear, grounded, more honest, and more authentically yourself.
(646) 956-5597 View (646) 956-5597
Photo of Alissa Trepman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MPH, MA, RYT
Alissa Trepman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MPH, MA, RYT
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11242
Do you feel stuck in your relationship—or in yourself—despite putting in real effort to make things work? On the outside, life may look stable or even successful, but internally you might feel disconnected, overwhelmed, or caught in patterns that aren’t shifting. I work with individuals and couples seeking deeper clarity, connection, and emotional understanding. Together, we look beneath the surface to support more honest communication, stronger relationships, and a more grounded sense of self. My approach is warm, thoughtful, and tailored to you.
Do you feel stuck in your relationship—or in yourself—despite putting in real effort to make things work? On the outside, life may look stable or even successful, but internally you might feel disconnected, overwhelmed, or caught in patterns that aren’t shifting. I work with individuals and couples seeking deeper clarity, connection, and emotional understanding. Together, we look beneath the surface to support more honest communication, stronger relationships, and a more grounded sense of self. My approach is warm, thoughtful, and tailored to you.
(845) 583-0335 View (845) 583-0335

See more therapy options for Brooklyn

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Brooklyn, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$179

Therapists in Brooklyn, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
59% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
72% Cigna and Evernorth
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Brooklyn, NY see their clients

53% Online Only
47% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Brooklyn?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.