Therapists in Brooklyn, NY

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Photo of Dannielle Karise Small - Dannielle K. Beckford , Counselor, LMHC
Dannielle K. Beckford
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor specializing in anxiety, depression, trauma and stress related disorders, psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, and relationship issues. My experience includes work with diverse populations, including adolescents, adults, couples, seniors, and families. And, as a veteran myself, I carry personal insight that allows me to empathize and relate to service members, active or retired.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor specializing in anxiety, depression, trauma and stress related disorders, psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, and relationship issues. My experience includes work with diverse populations, including adolescents, adults, couples, seniors, and families. And, as a veteran myself, I carry personal insight that allows me to empathize and relate to service members, active or retired.
(929) 244-8676 View (929) 244-8676
Photo of Greg Lowder, Psychologist, PhD
Greg Lowder
Psychologist, PhD
Brooklyn, NY 11211
I’ve helped many people who received limited or no help from previous therapists or medications. I work well with people who are skeptical of, or intimidated by, talk therapy. When you are physically ill you turn to your doctor, trusting they can effectively treat your symptoms. Psychological and emotional problems that cause depression, anxiety, excessive anger, low self confidence, guilt/shame, along with relationship and work conflicts, can actually cause more suffering than physical illnesses. I have more than 25 years of experience, and my approach to working with people is thorough, interactive, and practical.
I’ve helped many people who received limited or no help from previous therapists or medications. I work well with people who are skeptical of, or intimidated by, talk therapy. When you are physically ill you turn to your doctor, trusting they can effectively treat your symptoms. Psychological and emotional problems that cause depression, anxiety, excessive anger, low self confidence, guilt/shame, along with relationship and work conflicts, can actually cause more suffering than physical illnesses. I have more than 25 years of experience, and my approach to working with people is thorough, interactive, and practical.
(646) 916-3743 View (646) 916-3743
Photo of Miya Lemond, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Miya Lemond
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Online Only
If you’re reading this I would like to congratulate you on taking your first step towards mental tranquility. I am a licensed therapist with 4 years of experience. I work with both adolescents and adults. I specialize in helping adolescents with behavioral issues. Book with me if you feel like you have been suffering from depression, anxiety, PTSD, oppostional defiant disorder, and/or disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. I am here to help you get through extreme lows so you can feel extreme highs more consistently.
If you’re reading this I would like to congratulate you on taking your first step towards mental tranquility. I am a licensed therapist with 4 years of experience. I work with both adolescents and adults. I specialize in helping adolescents with behavioral issues. Book with me if you feel like you have been suffering from depression, anxiety, PTSD, oppostional defiant disorder, and/or disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. I am here to help you get through extreme lows so you can feel extreme highs more consistently.
(929) 410-5388 View (929) 410-5388
Photo of Adriana Steffens - Mind Matters Regional Neurofeedback Centers, PhD, BCN, QEEGD
I am an Internationally Board Certified Neurotherapist and specialize in Quantitative Electroencephalograph (QEEG) and brainwave regulation training (neurofeedback) for a host of symptoms associated with psychological and psychiatric disorders. We offer heart rate variability and breathing exercises. Neurotherapy is used by any aged individual.
I am an Internationally Board Certified Neurotherapist and specialize in Quantitative Electroencephalograph (QEEG) and brainwave regulation training (neurofeedback) for a host of symptoms associated with psychological and psychiatric disorders. We offer heart rate variability and breathing exercises. Neurotherapy is used by any aged individual.
(929) 640-5113 View (929) 640-5113
Photo of Taina Perez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Taina Perez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I work with adults, adolescents, and children facing a range of challenges, including anxiety, depression, and the impacts of trauma. My approach is rooted in evidence-based practices like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), while also integrating solution-focused, trauma-informed, and strengths-based perspectives. I am particularly passionate about empowering individuals to identify their strengths and build resilience.
I work with adults, adolescents, and children facing a range of challenges, including anxiety, depression, and the impacts of trauma. My approach is rooted in evidence-based practices like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), while also integrating solution-focused, trauma-informed, and strengths-based perspectives. I am particularly passionate about empowering individuals to identify their strengths and build resilience.
(929) 512-7738 View (929) 512-7738
Photo of Kaymara Gayle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kaymara Gayle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11233
My ideal client is an adult navigating depression, anxiety, relationship issues, or friendship challenges—often feeling overwhelmed or stuck in patterns they’re ready to break. Many are African-American, first-generation, or of Caribbean descent, seeking a therapist who understands the cultural and generational layers they carry. They want clarity, healing, and tools to manage stress. Most of all, they want to feel seen, supported, and empowered to move forward with peace and confidence.
My ideal client is an adult navigating depression, anxiety, relationship issues, or friendship challenges—often feeling overwhelmed or stuck in patterns they’re ready to break. Many are African-American, first-generation, or of Caribbean descent, seeking a therapist who understands the cultural and generational layers they carry. They want clarity, healing, and tools to manage stress. Most of all, they want to feel seen, supported, and empowered to move forward with peace and confidence.
(929) 460-9864 View (929) 460-9864
Photo of Kelly Holroyd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kelly Holroyd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
People have the capacity to be resilient and grow stronger through challenges, and it can be helpful to have support through life's difficult moments. Therapy can be a space where you can explore your needs and build upon your strengths in a caring, non-judgmental environment. I specialize in helping with young adults, individuals, and families move through life transitions, anxieties, and traumas to feel more confident in themselves, their relationships, and their ability to cope. I enjoy supporting individuals of all walks of life as they discover who are and who they want to be. I am here to hold space for you and your healing.
People have the capacity to be resilient and grow stronger through challenges, and it can be helpful to have support through life's difficult moments. Therapy can be a space where you can explore your needs and build upon your strengths in a caring, non-judgmental environment. I specialize in helping with young adults, individuals, and families move through life transitions, anxieties, and traumas to feel more confident in themselves, their relationships, and their ability to cope. I enjoy supporting individuals of all walks of life as they discover who are and who they want to be. I am here to hold space for you and your healing.
(718) 208-4897 View (718) 208-4897
Photo of Tzipora Schwartz, Licensed Master Social Worker
Tzipora Schwartz
Licensed Master Social Worker
Brooklyn, NY 11218
Tzipora Schwartz/Shapero, LMSW, is a psychotherapist with experience in addiction and trauma recovery. Tzipora sees adults and adolescents who are dealing with a variety of challenges including trauma, anxiety, depression, family conflict, and more. She is dedicated to helping clients heal and grow. With training in EMDR, IFS, DBT, EFT, and motivational interviewing, she creates individualized treatment plans tailored to each client's unique needs.
Tzipora Schwartz/Shapero, LMSW, is a psychotherapist with experience in addiction and trauma recovery. Tzipora sees adults and adolescents who are dealing with a variety of challenges including trauma, anxiety, depression, family conflict, and more. She is dedicated to helping clients heal and grow. With training in EMDR, IFS, DBT, EFT, and motivational interviewing, she creates individualized treatment plans tailored to each client's unique needs.
(929) 732-7464 View (929) 732-7464
Photo of Sasha T Kennedy, Counselor, LMHC
Sasha T Kennedy
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
Sasha Kennedy is an LMHC who creates comfort in challenges. Sasha's approach is rooted in relational therapy; it draws from the psychodynamic approach, which helps facilitate awareness, growth, and positive change. Sasha has experience serving children, adolescents, young adults, and families who have struggled with general mental health, PTSD, trauma, anxiety, and depression. I am on platforms betterhelp which is out of pocket and alma which takes insurance
Sasha Kennedy is an LMHC who creates comfort in challenges. Sasha's approach is rooted in relational therapy; it draws from the psychodynamic approach, which helps facilitate awareness, growth, and positive change. Sasha has experience serving children, adolescents, young adults, and families who have struggled with general mental health, PTSD, trauma, anxiety, and depression. I am on platforms betterhelp which is out of pocket and alma which takes insurance
(718) 750-9945 View (718) 750-9945
Photo of Karen L Fuller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ND
Karen L Fuller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ND
Online Only
Is the past impeding your ability to move forward in the present towards better mental health, greater aliveness, and more satisfying work and relationships? Are you stuck in negativity or affected by past or current trauma, loss, or neglect? Would you like to better understand yourself in order to find more satisfaction in your life? I will assist you to recognize patterns and develop insight and new skills to achieve your life goals. We can address attachment styles, social isolation, work issues, parenting, stress responses to the political climate, or your life's aspirations. Together, we can work on creating the life you want.
Is the past impeding your ability to move forward in the present towards better mental health, greater aliveness, and more satisfying work and relationships? Are you stuck in negativity or affected by past or current trauma, loss, or neglect? Would you like to better understand yourself in order to find more satisfaction in your life? I will assist you to recognize patterns and develop insight and new skills to achieve your life goals. We can address attachment styles, social isolation, work issues, parenting, stress responses to the political climate, or your life's aspirations. Together, we can work on creating the life you want.
(646) 718-3147 View (646) 718-3147
Photo of Rashida Gordon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, Casac-t
Rashida Gordon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, Casac-t
Online Only
I like to begin by creating a safe space for you to be vulnerable as you embark on this journey to address things in your life, relationships and from your past that have you feeling “stuck”. My specialty is working with the individual (s) to explore behavioral patterns that lead to problem areas to increase insight, motivation and a sense of agency to take on change. I do not see individuals as problem but rather as people with problems. Problems are temporary. Let’s begin this journey.....to discovering to best version of yourself.
I like to begin by creating a safe space for you to be vulnerable as you embark on this journey to address things in your life, relationships and from your past that have you feeling “stuck”. My specialty is working with the individual (s) to explore behavioral patterns that lead to problem areas to increase insight, motivation and a sense of agency to take on change. I do not see individuals as problem but rather as people with problems. Problems are temporary. Let’s begin this journey.....to discovering to best version of yourself.
(646) 791-4034 View (646) 791-4034
Photo of Kaoru Oguro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kaoru Oguro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
You may be here feeling your emotional pain has been too much for you to hold inside alone any more. You may have tried very hard to feel better but nothing has worked to heal from the pain. You struggle to feel happy and confident no matter how hard you work, and you wish you were like someone else who looks happier and more successful. You notice your constant criticism, guilt, and shame towards yourself, and find it difficult to be compassionate towards yourself. If this resonates with you, I would love to help you get unstuck and heal from this endless pain and feel confident and content with who you truly are.
You may be here feeling your emotional pain has been too much for you to hold inside alone any more. You may have tried very hard to feel better but nothing has worked to heal from the pain. You struggle to feel happy and confident no matter how hard you work, and you wish you were like someone else who looks happier and more successful. You notice your constant criticism, guilt, and shame towards yourself, and find it difficult to be compassionate towards yourself. If this resonates with you, I would love to help you get unstuck and heal from this endless pain and feel confident and content with who you truly are.
(347) 218-9573 View (347) 218-9573
Photo of Dr. Hebah Khalifa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW-R
Dr. Hebah Khalifa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW-R
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am happy to see you via video sessions (only) during this time. My name is Hebah (pronounced Hib-a), and I am excited you found my profile. Therapy is about discussing your problems, but that’s only the beginning. When you develop a relationship with an empathic, attuned therapist, you will find your inherent strength, heal old emotional wounds, discover new ways to solve problems and change how you live your life. I am a bilingual (English/Arabic) therapist with over ten years of psychotherapy experience. I use a straightforward, gentle, respectful, non-blaming, culturally sensitive approach to counseling.
I am happy to see you via video sessions (only) during this time. My name is Hebah (pronounced Hib-a), and I am excited you found my profile. Therapy is about discussing your problems, but that’s only the beginning. When you develop a relationship with an empathic, attuned therapist, you will find your inherent strength, heal old emotional wounds, discover new ways to solve problems and change how you live your life. I am a bilingual (English/Arabic) therapist with over ten years of psychotherapy experience. I use a straightforward, gentle, respectful, non-blaming, culturally sensitive approach to counseling.
(718) 751-0298 View (718) 751-0298
Photo of Shanda Oliver - Hope Springs Psychotherapy - Shanda Oliver, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Hope Springs Psychotherapy - Shanda Oliver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Brooklyn, NY 11205
Create Lasting Change with Compassionate, Solution-Focused Therapy. Are you feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges, struggling with stress, or looking for a deeper sense of fulfillment? Whether you're navigating career pressures, past trauma, relationship struggles, or personal growth, therapy can help you gain clarity, build resilience, and create lasting change. I work with professionals, high-achievers, and individuals seeking support with stress, anxiety, and burnout from demanding careers, Healing from trauma, abuse, and addiction recovery, Navigating major life transitions with confidence. Building self-love and acceptance.
Create Lasting Change with Compassionate, Solution-Focused Therapy. Are you feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges, struggling with stress, or looking for a deeper sense of fulfillment? Whether you're navigating career pressures, past trauma, relationship struggles, or personal growth, therapy can help you gain clarity, build resilience, and create lasting change. I work with professionals, high-achievers, and individuals seeking support with stress, anxiety, and burnout from demanding careers, Healing from trauma, abuse, and addiction recovery, Navigating major life transitions with confidence. Building self-love and acceptance.
(646) 921-6827 View (646) 921-6827
Photo of R. Abby Spilka, Counselor, MA, LMHC, FT
R. Abby Spilka
Counselor, MA, LMHC, FT
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11215
I focus on loss, both death-related and non-death-related. I have devoted my work to supporting grievers, explaining the nuanced and complex grief process, as well as identifying strategies to help navigate the new abnormal. I also work with clients at end-of-life to help them and their families talk about what comes next. Whether you have experienced the death of a sibling, parent or parent-figure, spouse/partner, an adult child, friend or colleague or pregnancy loss, or are struggling with the loss of identity, loss of a job, loss of a romantic relationship, retirement, or other life transitions, I'm here for it.
I focus on loss, both death-related and non-death-related. I have devoted my work to supporting grievers, explaining the nuanced and complex grief process, as well as identifying strategies to help navigate the new abnormal. I also work with clients at end-of-life to help them and their families talk about what comes next. Whether you have experienced the death of a sibling, parent or parent-figure, spouse/partner, an adult child, friend or colleague or pregnancy loss, or are struggling with the loss of identity, loss of a job, loss of a romantic relationship, retirement, or other life transitions, I'm here for it.
(929) 419-4549 View (929) 419-4549
Photo of Charoula Smyrou, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Charoula Smyrou
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Online Only
Therapy is a positive step towards becoming a more self-aware, healthier version of yourself. I would like to welcome and support you on this journey by forming a relationship based on empathy and understanding of your unique situation and creating a safe and supportive space for you to connect with your inner self, heal, and unlock your potential. I aim to be your greatest supporter when it comes to facing any obstacle life throws at you, and in helping you to discover your inner strength along the path that you choose.
Therapy is a positive step towards becoming a more self-aware, healthier version of yourself. I would like to welcome and support you on this journey by forming a relationship based on empathy and understanding of your unique situation and creating a safe and supportive space for you to connect with your inner self, heal, and unlock your potential. I aim to be your greatest supporter when it comes to facing any obstacle life throws at you, and in helping you to discover your inner strength along the path that you choose.
(929) 581-8649 View (929) 581-8649
Photo of Rachel Fernbach, Counselor, LMHC, LCAT
Rachel Fernbach
Counselor, LMHC, LCAT
Online Only
Are you living with chronic illness or pain that most people don’t understand? Perhaps you’re struggling with the anxiety, depression, or emotional overwhelm that can accompany a complex health condition. Or maybe you’re experiencing symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, or pain that simply make daily life more challenging. I know how you feel, and I want to help.
Are you living with chronic illness or pain that most people don’t understand? Perhaps you’re struggling with the anxiety, depression, or emotional overwhelm that can accompany a complex health condition. Or maybe you’re experiencing symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, or pain that simply make daily life more challenging. I know how you feel, and I want to help.
(332) 239-7186 View (332) 239-7186
Photo of Dina Lebovic, Counselor, LMHC, Anxiety, EMDR, DBT , somatic
Dina Lebovic
Counselor, LMHC, Anxiety, EMDR, DBT , somatic
Brooklyn, NY 11213
Challenge negative beliefs. I’m certified in personality disorders. i work at noticing your body and thought reactions. Assess calm healthy attachment within. Recover. Nurture the "child within" while gaining understanding and self love. I do multiple therapies, help you move towards better relationships ( including the one with yourself). I work with those experiencing anxiety, trauma and those living with narcissism. I work at listening without judgement. Guiding towards change with a self acceptance hug. Inhale light and the easing of burdens. Focus on the here and now. I work from a resilient looking perspective.
Challenge negative beliefs. I’m certified in personality disorders. i work at noticing your body and thought reactions. Assess calm healthy attachment within. Recover. Nurture the "child within" while gaining understanding and self love. I do multiple therapies, help you move towards better relationships ( including the one with yourself). I work with those experiencing anxiety, trauma and those living with narcissism. I work at listening without judgement. Guiding towards change with a self acceptance hug. Inhale light and the easing of burdens. Focus on the here and now. I work from a resilient looking perspective.
(646) 553-3234 View (646) 553-3234
Photo of Beverly Rohlehr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Beverly Rohlehr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Are you struggling with the difficult task of finding a psychotherapist for yourself or someone else? I am a skilled and seasoned, culturally competent therapist offering sensitive, unbiased psychotherapy in a safe, supportive environment. In our work together you will have the opportunity to reach greater self-awareness and an improved ability to make the changes that will enhance your life. Whether or not you have been in therapy before, we will explore who, what and where you are in your life now. My style is interactive and I welcome your thoughts, feelings and concerns as I guide you through the process.
Are you struggling with the difficult task of finding a psychotherapist for yourself or someone else? I am a skilled and seasoned, culturally competent therapist offering sensitive, unbiased psychotherapy in a safe, supportive environment. In our work together you will have the opportunity to reach greater self-awareness and an improved ability to make the changes that will enhance your life. Whether or not you have been in therapy before, we will explore who, what and where you are in your life now. My style is interactive and I welcome your thoughts, feelings and concerns as I guide you through the process.
(646) 600-5151 View (646) 600-5151
Photo of Lana Lorenzo - Hold Space Therapy LCSW, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Hold Space Therapy LCSW, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
A warm welcome to you. It is a deeply personal commitment to show up for and engage in the therapeutic process, especially when what had worked in the past no longer feels helpful in the present, and it feels hard to reimagine a different future. For some of us, we do life experiencing a disconnect within ourselves despite our best intentions for more vital, and fulfilling experiences. Together we will define what healing looks like, with you as the driver of your journey. I offer transparency, thoughtfulness and collaboration. Together we will process your experiences, give dignity to the hurt, discover what works for you.
A warm welcome to you. It is a deeply personal commitment to show up for and engage in the therapeutic process, especially when what had worked in the past no longer feels helpful in the present, and it feels hard to reimagine a different future. For some of us, we do life experiencing a disconnect within ourselves despite our best intentions for more vital, and fulfilling experiences. Together we will define what healing looks like, with you as the driver of your journey. I offer transparency, thoughtfulness and collaboration. Together we will process your experiences, give dignity to the hurt, discover what works for you.
(347) 851-1260 View (347) 851-1260

See more therapy options for Brooklyn

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Brooklyn, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Brooklyn, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
69% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Brooklyn, NY see their clients

53% Online Only
47% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Brooklyn?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.