Therapists in Glendale, NY

Photo of Jason La, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jason La
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I have been practicing psychotherapy for the past ten years, gaining experience in a variety of settings, including mental health clinics and as a contractor. My approach emphasizes collaboration and a holistic perspective, allowing me to build strong rapport with my clients. This foundation enhances my ability to understand and effectively address their mental health challenges.
I have been practicing psychotherapy for the past ten years, gaining experience in a variety of settings, including mental health clinics and as a contractor. My approach emphasizes collaboration and a holistic perspective, allowing me to build strong rapport with my clients. This foundation enhances my ability to understand and effectively address their mental health challenges.
(929) 460-9015 View (929) 460-9015
Photo of Joel Taveras, MA, CRC
Joel Taveras
MA, CRC
Verified Verified
Glendale, NY 11385
I am bilingual Counselor & Therapist with many years of experience in the world of social services, over a decade & half working with clients from all walks of life diagnosed with mental health issues, suicidal ideations, substance abuse, the elderly, veterans, formerly incarcerated, victims of domestic violence, the developmentally disabled, immigrant & the homeless. I am more than happy & open to work with anyone willing to forge ahead & achieve their goals, be they Vocational or Mental Health & Physical Health related. My style is focused on equipping you with the tools needed live a better & healthier life.
I am bilingual Counselor & Therapist with many years of experience in the world of social services, over a decade & half working with clients from all walks of life diagnosed with mental health issues, suicidal ideations, substance abuse, the elderly, veterans, formerly incarcerated, victims of domestic violence, the developmentally disabled, immigrant & the homeless. I am more than happy & open to work with anyone willing to forge ahead & achieve their goals, be they Vocational or Mental Health & Physical Health related. My style is focused on equipping you with the tools needed live a better & healthier life.
(347) 621-7206 View (347) 621-7206
Photo of Honour Odigie, LMSW, PhD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Honour Odigie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you feel like past hurts trigger current patterns in your life? Are you tired of carrying the weight of the past and want increased freedom in how you express yourself to those around you? As a clinician with years of training in post-trauma recovery and growth, I've guided many on their journey of self-discovery, transforming relationship with self/others and healing pain that hinders self-expression. My own journey allows me to understand the pain you are feeling and to offer you the support needed to feel better. Therapy at first glance might seem daunting but together we can create a space where you feel safe, free, and seen.
Do you feel like past hurts trigger current patterns in your life? Are you tired of carrying the weight of the past and want increased freedom in how you express yourself to those around you? As a clinician with years of training in post-trauma recovery and growth, I've guided many on their journey of self-discovery, transforming relationship with self/others and healing pain that hinders self-expression. My own journey allows me to understand the pain you are feeling and to offer you the support needed to feel better. Therapy at first glance might seem daunting but together we can create a space where you feel safe, free, and seen.
(929) 538-3637 View (929) 538-3637
Photo of Bethly C. Abreu, LMHC-D, MSEd, Counselor
Bethly C. Abreu
Counselor, LMHC-D, MSEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Glendale, NY 11385
Waitlist for new clients
Embarking on a journey to self-growth can be uncomfortable and distressing. It can uncover a lot unfamiliar feelings and thoughts. The journey of self-acceptance and growth may be difficult, but it does not have to be done alone. As a licensed mental health counselor, we can work together toward reaching your goals of self-acceptance and personal growth that may be hindered by anxiety, depression, panic, trauma, or stress brought up by significant life changes. Through our therapeutic alliance, we can gain insight into your feelings and reactions to identify relevant goals that facilitate positive change.
Embarking on a journey to self-growth can be uncomfortable and distressing. It can uncover a lot unfamiliar feelings and thoughts. The journey of self-acceptance and growth may be difficult, but it does not have to be done alone. As a licensed mental health counselor, we can work together toward reaching your goals of self-acceptance and personal growth that may be hindered by anxiety, depression, panic, trauma, or stress brought up by significant life changes. Through our therapeutic alliance, we can gain insight into your feelings and reactions to identify relevant goals that facilitate positive change.
(929) 822-6583 View (929) 822-6583
Photo of Danielle Newmark, MA, LCAT-P, Art Therapist
Danielle Newmark
Art Therapist, MA, LCAT-P
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Living though a global pandemic, experiencing anxiety in relationships with others, surviving childhood trauma, or feeling lower than you have ever felt can be overwhelming (to say the least). When you prioritize your mental health, you can explore what makes you who you are and who you’d like to be. I understand mental health care in our society, and many cultures, holds stigma. Taking time out of your schedule may seem beyond difficult. If you are curious about therapy, I encourage you to give it a try. If you are a veteran of therapy, I encourage you to continue.
Living though a global pandemic, experiencing anxiety in relationships with others, surviving childhood trauma, or feeling lower than you have ever felt can be overwhelming (to say the least). When you prioritize your mental health, you can explore what makes you who you are and who you’d like to be. I understand mental health care in our society, and many cultures, holds stigma. Taking time out of your schedule may seem beyond difficult. If you are curious about therapy, I encourage you to give it a try. If you are a veteran of therapy, I encourage you to continue.
(347) 765-1240 x1 View (347) 765-1240 x1
Photo of Jason Duncan, PhD, Psychologist
Jason Duncan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Glendale, NY 11385
I am a psychologist providing therapy and assessment services for children through adults. I have extensive clinical experience and am an expert Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I’ve been trained by top therapy institutes, am a board member for well accomplished CBT organizations, and run the official podcast for the national CBT organization. I strive to regularly advance my knowledge and provide leading scientific treatments. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, panic, OCD, trauma, stress, insomnia, ADHD, defiance, and work/school issues. Many of my clients lead busy lives; therefore, I offer evening appointments.
I am a psychologist providing therapy and assessment services for children through adults. I have extensive clinical experience and am an expert Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I’ve been trained by top therapy institutes, am a board member for well accomplished CBT organizations, and run the official podcast for the national CBT organization. I strive to regularly advance my knowledge and provide leading scientific treatments. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, panic, OCD, trauma, stress, insomnia, ADHD, defiance, and work/school issues. Many of my clients lead busy lives; therefore, I offer evening appointments.
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Photo of Jillian Hinton, LCAT-LP
Jillian Hinton
LCAT-LP
Verified Verified
Online Only
I believe in your ability to make the best decisions for yourself and will provide you with tools and skills to support you as you find clarity and make meaning of your life. As a clinician, I offer both talk therapy and art therapy through an interpersonal, psychodynamic lens. I often incorporate approaches such as Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), attachment theory, parts work, and somatic exercises. My clients have described me as warm, caring, and authentic. I deeply value inclusivity and strive to create an anti-racist, neuroaffirming, and LGBTQIA+-celebrating space.
I believe in your ability to make the best decisions for yourself and will provide you with tools and skills to support you as you find clarity and make meaning of your life. As a clinician, I offer both talk therapy and art therapy through an interpersonal, psychodynamic lens. I often incorporate approaches such as Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), attachment theory, parts work, and somatic exercises. My clients have described me as warm, caring, and authentic. I deeply value inclusivity and strive to create an anti-racist, neuroaffirming, and LGBTQIA+-celebrating space.
(929) 590-2513 View (929) 590-2513
Photo of Catherine Marsh, PhD, LCAT, ATR-BC, Psychologist
Catherine Marsh
Psychologist, PhD, LCAT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I have treated emotional dysregulation and panic for over 18 years. This is your chance to become a pro with others and with conflict. To help, I ask a lot of questions and validate your experience. You will become a self-compassionate superstar! I also know that sharing thoughts and feelings brings fears of rejection and judgment, and most people offer oversimplified solutions, but not with me. My goal is to access your strengths and expand self-understanding. We will looking closely at what is going on, find the words to express your experiences, and from there, solutions will come forward. Come be my teammate.
I have treated emotional dysregulation and panic for over 18 years. This is your chance to become a pro with others and with conflict. To help, I ask a lot of questions and validate your experience. You will become a self-compassionate superstar! I also know that sharing thoughts and feelings brings fears of rejection and judgment, and most people offer oversimplified solutions, but not with me. My goal is to access your strengths and expand self-understanding. We will looking closely at what is going on, find the words to express your experiences, and from there, solutions will come forward. Come be my teammate.
(347) 897-0010 View (347) 897-0010
Photo of Emily Williams
Emily Williams
Verified Verified
Online Only
I work with clients of all ages across a wide spectrum of symptoms and experiences including anxiety and depression, identity exploration, relational difficulties, and life transitions. Much of my work has been focused within the LGBTQ+ community, including identity exploration and expression. Through this work I've learned that healing and growth require playing to our strengths while honoring our intersecting identities. I help clients recognize what they themselves have to offer, while simultaneously supporting the clarification of their identities, goals, and abilities to navigate relationships.
I work with clients of all ages across a wide spectrum of symptoms and experiences including anxiety and depression, identity exploration, relational difficulties, and life transitions. Much of my work has been focused within the LGBTQ+ community, including identity exploration and expression. Through this work I've learned that healing and growth require playing to our strengths while honoring our intersecting identities. I help clients recognize what they themselves have to offer, while simultaneously supporting the clarification of their identities, goals, and abilities to navigate relationships.
(347) 744-9623 View (347) 744-9623
Photo of Daphne St Valliere, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daphne St Valliere
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, PTSD, grief, or traumatic childhood experiences, you're not alone. I believe that every person has a unique story to tell, and I'm here to listen. Together, we can explore changing negative behavior patterns by shifting your perspective towards more positive decision-making. I know that past or current relationships can have a significant impact on your life, and I'm here to help you navigate any challenges that might be hindering the establishment or maintenance of positive relationships.
If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, PTSD, grief, or traumatic childhood experiences, you're not alone. I believe that every person has a unique story to tell, and I'm here to listen. Together, we can explore changing negative behavior patterns by shifting your perspective towards more positive decision-making. I know that past or current relationships can have a significant impact on your life, and I'm here to help you navigate any challenges that might be hindering the establishment or maintenance of positive relationships.
(347) 871-5931 View (347) 871-5931
Photo of Karina Van Brunt, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karina Van Brunt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I've provided services to individuals with experiences of trauma including but not limited to various forms of violence, loss, and other significant life challenges. My ideal client seeks support in processing these experiences and working toward healing, resilience, and personal growth.
I've provided services to individuals with experiences of trauma including but not limited to various forms of violence, loss, and other significant life challenges. My ideal client seeks support in processing these experiences and working toward healing, resilience, and personal growth.
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Photo of Crystal Lucas-Perry, LCAT-P, MA, MFA
Crystal Lucas-Perry
LCAT-P, MA, MFA
Verified Verified
Online Only
Navigating life’s challenges can feel overwhelming—whether you’re experiencing anxiety, healing from trauma, or searching for clarity during a time of change. You might feel stuck or uncertain, longing for relief, understanding, or a deeper connection to yourself and others. Wherever you are on your journey, you deserve support that meets you where you are and helps you move toward the life you envision. I’ll provide a compassionate, supportive space where, together, we’ll explore challenges, celebrate strengths, and work toward meaningful growth.
Navigating life’s challenges can feel overwhelming—whether you’re experiencing anxiety, healing from trauma, or searching for clarity during a time of change. You might feel stuck or uncertain, longing for relief, understanding, or a deeper connection to yourself and others. Wherever you are on your journey, you deserve support that meets you where you are and helps you move toward the life you envision. I’ll provide a compassionate, supportive space where, together, we’ll explore challenges, celebrate strengths, and work toward meaningful growth.
(929) 203-7897 View (929) 203-7897
Photo of Stefan Stanjevic, LMSW, LCSW
Stefan Stanjevic
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
In working with couples I understand the importance of creating a therapeutic space that allows couples to express their thoughts, feelings, concerns and challenges, both openly and honestly. Through therapy, I strive to support couples in better understanding how they experience each other.
In working with couples I understand the importance of creating a therapeutic space that allows couples to express their thoughts, feelings, concerns and challenges, both openly and honestly. Through therapy, I strive to support couples in better understanding how they experience each other.
(929) 810-2366 View (929) 810-2366
Photo of Amanda Osman, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Amanda Osman
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Glendale, NY 11385
You’re feeling so anxious, overwhelmed and depressed. You are ready to find happiness but you just feel stuck and you don’t know how to get there. You see your relationships suffering and deteriorating. You want to get out of this loop of never-ending anguish. You feel like everyone else has got it all together and that you just don’t have the motivation to keep going. You lack confidence, self-esteem, and a willingness to thrive. You wish things were different, that you could turn your life around, but you don’t know how. You’ve looked for a therapist that understands you, but you feel stressed about the process.
You’re feeling so anxious, overwhelmed and depressed. You are ready to find happiness but you just feel stuck and you don’t know how to get there. You see your relationships suffering and deteriorating. You want to get out of this loop of never-ending anguish. You feel like everyone else has got it all together and that you just don’t have the motivation to keep going. You lack confidence, self-esteem, and a willingness to thrive. You wish things were different, that you could turn your life around, but you don’t know how. You’ve looked for a therapist that understands you, but you feel stressed about the process.
(929) 732-7766 View (929) 732-7766
Photo of Ashley Pecorelli, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Ashley Pecorelli
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Life is an unpredictable series of transitions, each one bringing unique challenges. You may feel vulnerable and isolated in such moments, doubting you are deserving of support. Perhaps you've struggled to find a therapist that affirms your identity and values your safety as a queer/trans person; but if you're reading this, you might still be open to finding the right counselor. I proudly identify as an LGBTQ+ provider, centering non-judgement, empathy, and trust in this work. As your therapist, I am here to help you grow your inner strength while also navigating the ways in which oppressive forces may have touched your life.
Life is an unpredictable series of transitions, each one bringing unique challenges. You may feel vulnerable and isolated in such moments, doubting you are deserving of support. Perhaps you've struggled to find a therapist that affirms your identity and values your safety as a queer/trans person; but if you're reading this, you might still be open to finding the right counselor. I proudly identify as an LGBTQ+ provider, centering non-judgement, empathy, and trust in this work. As your therapist, I am here to help you grow your inner strength while also navigating the ways in which oppressive forces may have touched your life.
(347) 657-5895 View (347) 657-5895
Photo of Breanna Marie Economos, MA, MFT-LP
Breanna Marie Economos
MA, MFT-LP
Verified Verified
Online Only
I’m a compassionate Marriage and Family Therapist dedicated to supporting you on your unique journey. I specialize in helping individuals, couples, and families navigate through anxiety, depression, trauma, significant life changes or challenges, and relationship issues. My approach is entirely client-centered, meaning that I tailor my methods to fit your specific needs. I draw from a toolbox of therapeutic modalities, including Solution-Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Emotionally-Focused Therapy, and Narrative Therapy, to provide a holistic and personalized experience.
I’m a compassionate Marriage and Family Therapist dedicated to supporting you on your unique journey. I specialize in helping individuals, couples, and families navigate through anxiety, depression, trauma, significant life changes or challenges, and relationship issues. My approach is entirely client-centered, meaning that I tailor my methods to fit your specific needs. I draw from a toolbox of therapeutic modalities, including Solution-Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Emotionally-Focused Therapy, and Narrative Therapy, to provide a holistic and personalized experience.
(347) 263-8868 View (347) 263-8868
Photo of Michael Roche - Turning Point Marriage and Family Therapy, PC, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Turning Point Marriage and Family Therapy, PC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
My approach to therapy is a holistic and systemic approach. I work with individuals from the understanding that we are all impacted greatly by our families and the environment in which we live. I also focus on working with families and couples to improve a healthy relationship that is mutually beneficial. I work with my clients on enhancing their strengths and working through challenges to live the life that they deserve.
My approach to therapy is a holistic and systemic approach. I work with individuals from the understanding that we are all impacted greatly by our families and the environment in which we live. I also focus on working with families and couples to improve a healthy relationship that is mutually beneficial. I work with my clients on enhancing their strengths and working through challenges to live the life that they deserve.
(347) 263-8868 View (347) 263-8868
Photo of Michael Roche, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michael Roche
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. By searching for a therapist you have taken the first step to exploring your story. My approach to therapy is a wholistic and systemic approach. I work with individuals from the understanding that we are all impacted greatly by our families and the environment in which we live. I also focus on working with families and couples to improve a healthy relationship that is mutually beneficial. I work with my clients on enhancing their strengths and working through challenges to live the life that they deserve.
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. By searching for a therapist you have taken the first step to exploring your story. My approach to therapy is a wholistic and systemic approach. I work with individuals from the understanding that we are all impacted greatly by our families and the environment in which we live. I also focus on working with families and couples to improve a healthy relationship that is mutually beneficial. I work with my clients on enhancing their strengths and working through challenges to live the life that they deserve.
(347) 263-8868 View (347) 263-8868
Maria Genna
MSW, CLC, BA-Psyc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
**EMAIL IS BEST* You and I will work together to face the challenges you may have. As a Social Worker & Certified Life Coach, I am committed to helping you find your strength and motivation so you can accomplish your goals. I adapt my work method to meet the needs for each of my patients. Together we will make changes and work to achieve a less anxious life. Everyone feels anxious at times. Worrying can be helpful when it spurs you to take action and solve a problem. But if you're preoccupied with "what ifs" and worst-case scenarios, worry becomes a problem. Anxiety and constant worry maybe holding you back from your goals.
**EMAIL IS BEST* You and I will work together to face the challenges you may have. As a Social Worker & Certified Life Coach, I am committed to helping you find your strength and motivation so you can accomplish your goals. I adapt my work method to meet the needs for each of my patients. Together we will make changes and work to achieve a less anxious life. Everyone feels anxious at times. Worrying can be helpful when it spurs you to take action and solve a problem. But if you're preoccupied with "what ifs" and worst-case scenarios, worry becomes a problem. Anxiety and constant worry maybe holding you back from your goals.
(332) 900-3526 View (332) 900-3526
Photo of Jennifer Braren, LMHC, Counselor
Jennifer Braren
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Taking the steps toward beginning your therapy journey is a courageous move. I understand that entering therapy can be both daunting and challenging, especially if you've had previous experiences that were less than ideal. My goal is to create a safe and supportive space for you where you can feel free to express yourself without fear of judgment. In our work together, you are the driver of your therapeutic journey. We will move at a pace that feels comfortable for you, and I am here to support and guide you as you work towards the goals you set for yourself.
Taking the steps toward beginning your therapy journey is a courageous move. I understand that entering therapy can be both daunting and challenging, especially if you've had previous experiences that were less than ideal. My goal is to create a safe and supportive space for you where you can feel free to express yourself without fear of judgment. In our work together, you are the driver of your therapeutic journey. We will move at a pace that feels comfortable for you, and I am here to support and guide you as you work towards the goals you set for yourself.
(929) 309-2615 View (929) 309-2615
1

See more therapy options for Glendale

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Glendale, NY

30+

Average cost per session

$155

Therapists in Glendale, NY who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
86% Relationship Issues
86% Depression
83% Coping Skills
83% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
67% Women's Issues

Average years in practice

5 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
85% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Glendale, NY see their clients

83% Online Only
17% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

60% Female
31% Male
9% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Glendale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.