Therapists in Plymouth, MN

Photo of Hannah Dufek, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Plymouth, MN
Hannah Dufek
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55446
Transitions in life are often difficult to manage, yet they happen in all sorts of ways. Whether you’re navigating changes in a relationship, looking to change a habit, experiencing different living environments, wanting to get to know new parts of your identity, or more…change can involve a lot of uncertainty and stress, but you don’t have to do it alone. My purpose here is to help you work through all sorts of life changes by reflecting on how you’ve gotten to where you are now while also exploring ways to get you where you’re hoping to go.
Transitions in life are often difficult to manage, yet they happen in all sorts of ways. Whether you’re navigating changes in a relationship, looking to change a habit, experiencing different living environments, wanting to get to know new parts of your identity, or more…change can involve a lot of uncertainty and stress, but you don’t have to do it alone. My purpose here is to help you work through all sorts of life changes by reflecting on how you’ve gotten to where you are now while also exploring ways to get you where you’re hoping to go.
(612) 235-7697 View (612) 235-7697
Photo of Andrea Hutchinson, Psychologist in Plymouth, MN
Andrea Hutchinson
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55446
Through therapy, CARE Counseling’s clinicians work with you to understand the challenges you are facing while establishing a positive therapeutic relationship to help you create and achieve your goals. We have a multidisciplinary team of experts who care and offer personalized mental health counseling from the comfort of your home or in-person at one of our several locations. CARE Counseling is committed to finding, training and retaining the most talented mental health professionals in the field.
Through therapy, CARE Counseling’s clinicians work with you to understand the challenges you are facing while establishing a positive therapeutic relationship to help you create and achieve your goals. We have a multidisciplinary team of experts who care and offer personalized mental health counseling from the comfort of your home or in-person at one of our several locations. CARE Counseling is committed to finding, training and retaining the most talented mental health professionals in the field.
(763) 373-3089 View (763) 373-3089
Photo of Alison Dolan, Psychologist in Plymouth, MN
Alison Dolan
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55446
At some point in all of our lives, we can benefit from support to manage life’s challenging moments. There may be times where we do not feel as though life is going as well as we planned, which can leave us feeling frustrated, depressed, anxious, empty, or hopeless. Seeking support during these times has been shown to help lessen the harmful impacts from these emotions, helping individuals navigate these events is one of the reasons why I chose to pursue my doctorate.
At some point in all of our lives, we can benefit from support to manage life’s challenging moments. There may be times where we do not feel as though life is going as well as we planned, which can leave us feeling frustrated, depressed, anxious, empty, or hopeless. Seeking support during these times has been shown to help lessen the harmful impacts from these emotions, helping individuals navigate these events is one of the reasons why I chose to pursue my doctorate.
(763) 275-9714 View (763) 275-9714
Photo of Curt A Levang, Psychologist in Plymouth, MN
Curt A Levang
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55446
I am passionate about helping people live an authentic life free of the suffering that comes from trauma, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. I use a variety of modalities to determine how your past has defined and directed your life so that together we can create a new narrative for healthy living. If you want to get beyond the pain and begin to live life more fully, I would feel honored to work with you in this transformation.
I am passionate about helping people live an authentic life free of the suffering that comes from trauma, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. I use a variety of modalities to determine how your past has defined and directed your life so that together we can create a new narrative for healthy living. If you want to get beyond the pain and begin to live life more fully, I would feel honored to work with you in this transformation.
(952) 314-5582 View (952) 314-5582
Photo of Kierst Finsand, Psychologist in Plymouth, MN
Kierst Finsand
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55446
In my practice as a therapist, I believe the relationship supports acceptance of the self and stepping into a more authentic, present life. I work collaboratively to develop goals that support clients’ values and work with clients to shift into a more meaningful life balance. I provide a safe, supportive environment that honors my belief that clients know themselves best.
In my practice as a therapist, I believe the relationship supports acceptance of the self and stepping into a more authentic, present life. I work collaboratively to develop goals that support clients’ values and work with clients to shift into a more meaningful life balance. I provide a safe, supportive environment that honors my belief that clients know themselves best.
(785) 407-4847 View (785) 407-4847
Photo of Connie Cohen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Plymouth, MN
Connie Cohen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, AT, CEFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55441
My greatest joy is to help people find their inner voice and personal power. Trained and Certified in Emotionally Focused Therapy, I work with both individuals and couples. Looking at attachment patterns that are unconsciously learned in childhood, we will see where and how those patterns play out in your life and how they hold you in unhealthy beliefs. Together, we will unravel the thought processes that thrive in judgment, scarcity, blame, and fear. I truly believe the healing process toward change occurs once YOU gain insight into yourself.
My greatest joy is to help people find their inner voice and personal power. Trained and Certified in Emotionally Focused Therapy, I work with both individuals and couples. Looking at attachment patterns that are unconsciously learned in childhood, we will see where and how those patterns play out in your life and how they hold you in unhealthy beliefs. Together, we will unravel the thought processes that thrive in judgment, scarcity, blame, and fear. I truly believe the healing process toward change occurs once YOU gain insight into yourself.
(612) 294-7438 View (612) 294-7438
Photo of Susan B Garfield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Plymouth, MN
Susan B Garfield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSSW
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55447
Should I stay or should I go? Maybe you are considering ...in the middle of...or adjusting to separation or divorce. Are you feeling anxious about how to tell the important people in your life? Is communicating with your soon-to-be ex difficult, painful and near impossible? Are you concerned about attorney costs and influence that can deplete your emotional and financial resources? Do you worry about how this will impact your children's healthy development? As your divorce coach I partner with you to provide experienced practical and emotional support and guidance at every stage of the divorce process.
Should I stay or should I go? Maybe you are considering ...in the middle of...or adjusting to separation or divorce. Are you feeling anxious about how to tell the important people in your life? Is communicating with your soon-to-be ex difficult, painful and near impossible? Are you concerned about attorney costs and influence that can deplete your emotional and financial resources? Do you worry about how this will impact your children's healthy development? As your divorce coach I partner with you to provide experienced practical and emotional support and guidance at every stage of the divorce process.
(952) 746-7894 View (952) 746-7894
Photo of Sonja Benson, Psychologist in Plymouth, MN
Sonja Benson
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55441
I work with teens and adults struggling with anxiety, work/school and relationship issues. My specialization, however, is in marriage & family therapy using a systems approach and many methods introduced by John Gottman. I'm advanced trained in Discernment counseling as well. Finally, I work on the entire spectrum of relationships from dating to pre-marital to transitions or divorce. I also provide parenting coaching. I am also trained as a divorce mediator and help many people with parenting plans.
I work with teens and adults struggling with anxiety, work/school and relationship issues. My specialization, however, is in marriage & family therapy using a systems approach and many methods introduced by John Gottman. I'm advanced trained in Discernment counseling as well. Finally, I work on the entire spectrum of relationships from dating to pre-marital to transitions or divorce. I also provide parenting coaching. I am also trained as a divorce mediator and help many people with parenting plans.
(952) 373-0563 View (952) 373-0563
Photo of Jen Nelson, Counselor in Plymouth, MN
Jen Nelson
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55447
Now accepting Blue Cross BlueShield. I believe that each person is their own healer and is capable of living life fully. My approach to therapy includes exploring our past experience, present circumstances, and future goals. I strive to create a non-judgmental, compassionate, and collaborative space for my clients. I have been a licensed masters level therapist for 6 years. My experience includes anxiety, depression, trauma, EMDR, substance use disorder, eating disorder, self esteem, body image, perinatal mental health, and parenting. Before becoming an LPCC I worked with severe and persistent mental health in residential settings.
Now accepting Blue Cross BlueShield. I believe that each person is their own healer and is capable of living life fully. My approach to therapy includes exploring our past experience, present circumstances, and future goals. I strive to create a non-judgmental, compassionate, and collaborative space for my clients. I have been a licensed masters level therapist for 6 years. My experience includes anxiety, depression, trauma, EMDR, substance use disorder, eating disorder, self esteem, body image, perinatal mental health, and parenting. Before becoming an LPCC I worked with severe and persistent mental health in residential settings.
(952) 900-3403 View (952) 900-3403
Photo of Andrea Undlin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Plymouth, MN
Andrea Undlin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55447
Please note: limited daytime availability. If you're here, I applaud you. I understand the decision to see a therapist has many different starting points and it's not always an easy path getting here. Perhaps this is your first time seeking therapy and perhaps you've sought therapy before. No matter where you may be on your journey, I would be honored to support you. Life can be hard and experiences can feed us many lies that cause us to believe we are broken, crazy, or damaged. It is important to me that all of my clients realize the truth that they are worthy, loveable, capable, and resilient.
Please note: limited daytime availability. If you're here, I applaud you. I understand the decision to see a therapist has many different starting points and it's not always an easy path getting here. Perhaps this is your first time seeking therapy and perhaps you've sought therapy before. No matter where you may be on your journey, I would be honored to support you. Life can be hard and experiences can feed us many lies that cause us to believe we are broken, crazy, or damaged. It is important to me that all of my clients realize the truth that they are worthy, loveable, capable, and resilient.
View
Photo of Rebecca Connor, Marriage & Family Therapist in Plymouth, MN
Rebecca Connor
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55441
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in private practice in my home office in Plymouth. I was Initially trained in the Bay Area and I've been practicing in the Twin Cities since 2000, a sole practitioner since 2002. At this time I specialize in working with individuals working through grief, complex trauma, & Anxiety. I work with many artists from different disciplines. I earned a certification from UC Berkley in Art Therapy. I also specialize in working with highly sensitive individuals. Although it is not my current focus, I have much experience with couples work, children and anger management.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in private practice in my home office in Plymouth. I was Initially trained in the Bay Area and I've been practicing in the Twin Cities since 2000, a sole practitioner since 2002. At this time I specialize in working with individuals working through grief, complex trauma, & Anxiety. I work with many artists from different disciplines. I earned a certification from UC Berkley in Art Therapy. I also specialize in working with highly sensitive individuals. Although it is not my current focus, I have much experience with couples work, children and anger management.
(612) 324-0366 View (612) 324-0366
Photo of Lenora Lemke Holistic Health and Life Coach, Marriage & Family Therapist in Plymouth, MN
Lenora Lemke Holistic Health and Life Coach
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, MEd
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55446
I'm a Holistic Health & Life Coach, and Somatic Therapist located in Plymouth, and I work with the body, mind and spirit. I help my clients create a clear vision of who they truly are and what they want in life, and I partner with them, empowering them to find within themselves what it takes to make that vision their reality. I integrate coaching, psychotherapy, spirituality, and holistic health based on my client's needs, and I work with emotions, core values, and unconscious beliefs. I greatly respect my clients and feel honored to join them in their path towards personal growth as they uncover their true potential.
I'm a Holistic Health & Life Coach, and Somatic Therapist located in Plymouth, and I work with the body, mind and spirit. I help my clients create a clear vision of who they truly are and what they want in life, and I partner with them, empowering them to find within themselves what it takes to make that vision their reality. I integrate coaching, psychotherapy, spirituality, and holistic health based on my client's needs, and I work with emotions, core values, and unconscious beliefs. I greatly respect my clients and feel honored to join them in their path towards personal growth as they uncover their true potential.
(952) 260-6624 View (952) 260-6624
Photo of Shatera Thorson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Plymouth, MN
Shatera Thorson
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55447
Shatera specializes in a family systems approach to therapy because it is often our closest relationships that bring about the most pain, suffering, and trauma in our lives. She provides a safe place to have authentic, transparent, conversations where you can show up however you need to. Shatera appreciates working with clients who are willing to dig deep and who really desire to heal and grow.
Shatera specializes in a family systems approach to therapy because it is often our closest relationships that bring about the most pain, suffering, and trauma in our lives. She provides a safe place to have authentic, transparent, conversations where you can show up however you need to. Shatera appreciates working with clients who are willing to dig deep and who really desire to heal and grow.
(763) 878-7469 View (763) 878-7469
Photo of Star Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Plymouth, MN
Star Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55447
Healing occurs with an integration of the mind and body. Bringing mindful awareness to how we experience emotions in our bodies can release us from the patterns that are no longer serving us. Together we will discover your own innate ability to heal in a safe, gentle, and welcoming space.
Healing occurs with an integration of the mind and body. Bringing mindful awareness to how we experience emotions in our bodies can release us from the patterns that are no longer serving us. Together we will discover your own innate ability to heal in a safe, gentle, and welcoming space.
(651) 240-2952 View (651) 240-2952
Photo of Tamara Phillips, Marriage & Family Therapist in Plymouth, MN
Tamara Phillips
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55441
Are you or your loved one autistic, feeling misunderstood or experiencing related challenges? Do you need a therapist who understands your family and your unique situation? If you are a neurodivergent adult or parenting an autistic child and are looking for a safe place to process your feelings, address trauma, improve communication or problem solve daily challenges, I would be honored to help. As both an experienced therapist and a parent of an autistic young adult, I understand how autism, anxiety or ADHD impacts you and your family.
Are you or your loved one autistic, feeling misunderstood or experiencing related challenges? Do you need a therapist who understands your family and your unique situation? If you are a neurodivergent adult or parenting an autistic child and are looking for a safe place to process your feelings, address trauma, improve communication or problem solve daily challenges, I would be honored to help. As both an experienced therapist and a parent of an autistic young adult, I understand how autism, anxiety or ADHD impacts you and your family.
(612) 326-3157 View (612) 326-3157
Photo of Caryl E Boehnert, Psychologist in Plymouth, MN
Caryl E Boehnert
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55446  (Online Only)
I believe that therapy can greatly help with coping skills, with dealing with long- standing problems; and with stress and pain management. During COVID, many people have been focused on day to day issues relating to depression, anxiety, and PTSD; and are trying to cope with these in the best possible way. All types of mood disorders, anxiety, chronic pain and illness, and transitions feel more pressing. Some months I have not been able to accept new patients due to high demand for services and a full waiting list; other months I am able to accept 1-2 new patients.
I believe that therapy can greatly help with coping skills, with dealing with long- standing problems; and with stress and pain management. During COVID, many people have been focused on day to day issues relating to depression, anxiety, and PTSD; and are trying to cope with these in the best possible way. All types of mood disorders, anxiety, chronic pain and illness, and transitions feel more pressing. Some months I have not been able to accept new patients due to high demand for services and a full waiting list; other months I am able to accept 1-2 new patients.
(763) 325-8229 View (763) 325-8229
Photo of Jody L Friesen Grande, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Plymouth, MN
Jody L Friesen Grande
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55441
We are each on a personal journey, which is filled with challenges and opportunities ... seeking balance and harmony with our physical, mental, emotional and spiritual dimensions - the full integration of well-being. We often look for answers, but they do not come as quickly as we want. We become impatient, discouraged, frustrated, angry and stuck. Be patient with the process ... Today you are one step closer to a new you where you feel empowered as you walk a positive path towards growth, development and wellness.
We are each on a personal journey, which is filled with challenges and opportunities ... seeking balance and harmony with our physical, mental, emotional and spiritual dimensions - the full integration of well-being. We often look for answers, but they do not come as quickly as we want. We become impatient, discouraged, frustrated, angry and stuck. Be patient with the process ... Today you are one step closer to a new you where you feel empowered as you walk a positive path towards growth, development and wellness.
(763) 334-6412 View (763) 334-6412
Photo of Sally Brinza, Psychologist in Plymouth, MN
Sally Brinza
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plymouth, MN 55446
Deciding to make changes in your life takes courage and motivation. My approach incorporates the latest research in the treatment of a wide range of anxiety, depression and relationship problems. You can expect a straightforward, supportive environment to discuss and implement your treatment goals. While I primarily use cognitive-behavioral approaches, I value the mind-body connection and am open to newer holistic and integrated therapies. I have received specialized training in Exposure/Response Prevention from NOCD. As a psychologist with extensive child, adolescent and adult training and experience I can work with all ages.
Deciding to make changes in your life takes courage and motivation. My approach incorporates the latest research in the treatment of a wide range of anxiety, depression and relationship problems. You can expect a straightforward, supportive environment to discuss and implement your treatment goals. While I primarily use cognitive-behavioral approaches, I value the mind-body connection and am open to newer holistic and integrated therapies. I have received specialized training in Exposure/Response Prevention from NOCD. As a psychologist with extensive child, adolescent and adult training and experience I can work with all ages.
(651) 968-2450 View (651) 968-2450
Photo of Holistic Psychotherapy Practice, Marriage & Family Therapist in Plymouth, MN
Holistic Psychotherapy Practice
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55441  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
You are facing some challenges in your life like trauma, mood disorders, chronic health or pain issues, perhaps with co-occurring diagnoses of mental health & addiction. You might be struggling in your relationships as a spouse, partner or parent. You need a collaborative partnership with a trauma-informed therapist who will customize their approach towards your care, work with you to understand your needs, recognize your strengths and learn to address your challenges. You are looking for a therapist who is responsive to your culture, sexuality & uniqueness. You could work with the therapist as an individual, a couple or a family.
You are facing some challenges in your life like trauma, mood disorders, chronic health or pain issues, perhaps with co-occurring diagnoses of mental health & addiction. You might be struggling in your relationships as a spouse, partner or parent. You need a collaborative partnership with a trauma-informed therapist who will customize their approach towards your care, work with you to understand your needs, recognize your strengths and learn to address your challenges. You are looking for a therapist who is responsive to your culture, sexuality & uniqueness. You could work with the therapist as an individual, a couple or a family.
(763) 265-6352 View (763) 265-6352
Photo of Brian London, Counselor in Plymouth, MN
Brian London
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55447
Brian London is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Minnesota who has been practicing since 2019. He has a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Metropolitan State University and a Master of Arts in Counseling and Psychological Services from Saint Mary's University in Minneapolis. Brian can help clients find the tools they have within themselves to maximize their strengths and overcome their challenges so they can conquer life's adversities to live healthier and more satisfying lives. Outside of work, Brian is a league bowler, and loves to go see movies.
Brian London is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Minnesota who has been practicing since 2019. He has a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Metropolitan State University and a Master of Arts in Counseling and Psychological Services from Saint Mary's University in Minneapolis. Brian can help clients find the tools they have within themselves to maximize their strengths and overcome their challenges so they can conquer life's adversities to live healthier and more satisfying lives. Outside of work, Brian is a league bowler, and loves to go see movies.
(763) 645-8918 View (763) 645-8918

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Plymouth, MN

100+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Plymouth, MN who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
94% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
82% Self Esteem
80% Grief
74% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
76% Aetna
74% UCare

How Therapists in Plymouth, MN see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Plymouth?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.