Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of April Ella, Counselor in Knoxville, TN
April Ella
Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC, MS
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
Grief counseling, toxic family relationships, narcissistic abuse by family, life transitions, relationship issues, ADHD issues, lack of self-esteem, self-awareness, and boundaries, depression and anxiety, fertility issues, loss of pregnancy, family/relationship trauma, feeling overwhelmed, chronic illness, personal women's issues, aging concerns (health, hair loss, autoimmune, relationship during different stages), sexuality/shame (abuse, emptiness, STD's).
Grief counseling, toxic family relationships, narcissistic abuse by family, life transitions, relationship issues, ADHD issues, lack of self-esteem, self-awareness, and boundaries, depression and anxiety, fertility issues, loss of pregnancy, family/relationship trauma, feeling overwhelmed, chronic illness, personal women's issues, aging concerns (health, hair loss, autoimmune, relationship during different stages), sexuality/shame (abuse, emptiness, STD's).
(865) 351-6215 View (865) 351-6215
Photo of Nina DiTommaso, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Nina DiTommaso
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Dr. Nina DiTommaso is a firm believer in the total health of the individual, including mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual. These four domains represent the different domains included in the wellness model of counseling. Nina's goal is to help her clients become the best possible version of themselves they can be. Nina states, 'Regardless of their past experiences and trauma, I help my clients learn how to process through all the hurt and pain, challenge and reframe their negative cognitions, and regain control over their emotions and behavior, in order to achieve life goals, and ultimately become successful in life.'
Dr. Nina DiTommaso is a firm believer in the total health of the individual, including mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual. These four domains represent the different domains included in the wellness model of counseling. Nina's goal is to help her clients become the best possible version of themselves they can be. Nina states, 'Regardless of their past experiences and trauma, I help my clients learn how to process through all the hurt and pain, challenge and reframe their negative cognitions, and regain control over their emotions and behavior, in order to achieve life goals, and ultimately become successful in life.'
(865) 269-6127 View (865) 269-6127
Photo of Mark Kryter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Mark Kryter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37934
For over three decades, Mark has partnered with individuals, couples, and families on their journey toward happiness, self-understanding, and personal mastery as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. While Mark draws from a deep and diverse well of experience and training, he approaches therapy primarily through an approach called Psychosocial Therapy which combines a clear vision of his clients’ own experience of themselves and the world around them. By exploring the client’s unique past, current struggles, and external stressors, the stage is set for positive change.
For over three decades, Mark has partnered with individuals, couples, and families on their journey toward happiness, self-understanding, and personal mastery as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. While Mark draws from a deep and diverse well of experience and training, he approaches therapy primarily through an approach called Psychosocial Therapy which combines a clear vision of his clients’ own experience of themselves and the world around them. By exploring the client’s unique past, current struggles, and external stressors, the stage is set for positive change.
(865) 505-8143 View (865) 505-8143
Photo of Graham Murray, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Graham Murray
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
Graham Murray is an interactive, solution-focused therapist. His therapeutic approach is to listen and provide a safe place for individuals to process their feelings, and attain their goals by developing coping skills. He integrates several therapy methods to offer a specialized service tailored to each individual. Graham employs empathy and support during therapy to provide a space where individuals can better know themselves, magnify their strengths, and attain their personal goals.
Graham Murray is an interactive, solution-focused therapist. His therapeutic approach is to listen and provide a safe place for individuals to process their feelings, and attain their goals by developing coping skills. He integrates several therapy methods to offer a specialized service tailored to each individual. Graham employs empathy and support during therapy to provide a space where individuals can better know themselves, magnify their strengths, and attain their personal goals.
(865) 236-0442 View (865) 236-0442
Photo of Amanda Whichard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Amanda Whichard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
You may find you're walking through a difficult season of life. But whether you feel sad, stuck, anxious, lost, afraid or just tired of trying to figure things out on your own; I really love the process of walking with people through difficult transitions or as they are stepping into new changes in their lives. I am passionate in working with those who suffer from anxiety, depression, are who are in the middle of life transitions (such as grief, loss of pet/dream/job, moving), and/or are working through their mental health wellbeing in the context of work and career.
You may find you're walking through a difficult season of life. But whether you feel sad, stuck, anxious, lost, afraid or just tired of trying to figure things out on your own; I really love the process of walking with people through difficult transitions or as they are stepping into new changes in their lives. I am passionate in working with those who suffer from anxiety, depression, are who are in the middle of life transitions (such as grief, loss of pet/dream/job, moving), and/or are working through their mental health wellbeing in the context of work and career.
(865) 217-7716 x814 View (865) 217-7716 x814
Photo of Chris Driscoll, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Chris Driscoll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
People tell me that I’m easy to talk to. But I don’t just listen. I help you find out how the ways you are thinking or interacting are causing you problems, and I offer observations and possible solutions. You and I collaborate to figure out what solutions may fit for you, and how to make them work in your life. Together we build an understanding of what you are going through, and together we tackle the issues. Rather than relying on manualized “copy and paste” therapeutic approaches, my suggestions and observations are based on an in-depth understanding of you and your situation.
People tell me that I’m easy to talk to. But I don’t just listen. I help you find out how the ways you are thinking or interacting are causing you problems, and I offer observations and possible solutions. You and I collaborate to figure out what solutions may fit for you, and how to make them work in your life. Together we build an understanding of what you are going through, and together we tackle the issues. Rather than relying on manualized “copy and paste” therapeutic approaches, my suggestions and observations are based on an in-depth understanding of you and your situation.
(865) 630-4026 View (865) 630-4026
Photo of Mark A LeMay, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Mark A LeMay
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37917
Not accepting new clients
I am not accepting new clients at this time. I believe everyone has the ability to live a meaningful and deeply satisfying life. I combine over 30 years experience as a clinical psychologist with Emotionally Focused Therapy for Individuals (EFIT), Positive Psychology, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help others achieve optimal well-being.
I am not accepting new clients at this time. I believe everyone has the ability to live a meaningful and deeply satisfying life. I combine over 30 years experience as a clinical psychologist with Emotionally Focused Therapy for Individuals (EFIT), Positive Psychology, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help others achieve optimal well-being.
(865) 368-9445 View (865) 368-9445
Photo of Jessica Kyle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Jessica Kyle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Jessica Kyle is a Licensed Professional Counselor with a Mental Health Service Provider qualification (LPC-MHSP) with 5 years of experience. Jessica is passionate about helping adolescents, adults, and families address challenges to live a better and more meaningful life. She specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, addiction, behavioral issues in children, and major life changes. Jessica completed her Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Milligan University. Her personal mental health experiences coupled with her education and professional experience enable her to give clients the support they seek.
Jessica Kyle is a Licensed Professional Counselor with a Mental Health Service Provider qualification (LPC-MHSP) with 5 years of experience. Jessica is passionate about helping adolescents, adults, and families address challenges to live a better and more meaningful life. She specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, addiction, behavioral issues in children, and major life changes. Jessica completed her Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Milligan University. Her personal mental health experiences coupled with her education and professional experience enable her to give clients the support they seek.
(865) 518-4165 View (865) 518-4165
Photo of Doug Tyler, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Doug Tyler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Not accepting new clients
I welcome your interest in psychotherapy or psychoanalysis. In addition to being a psychologist, I am also a Jungian Psychoanalyst. I address a wide variety of issues and problems with adults. This range includes: relationships, job stress, and issues of more depth such as depression, anxiety, anger, and conflicts around spirituality and/or trauma. I imagine you are considering or seeking someone to talk with because of some dissatisfaction in your life. We begin by exploring the problem(s) you currently experience. This inevitably leads us to uncovering and exploring the hidden maladaptive patterns in your life.
I welcome your interest in psychotherapy or psychoanalysis. In addition to being a psychologist, I am also a Jungian Psychoanalyst. I address a wide variety of issues and problems with adults. This range includes: relationships, job stress, and issues of more depth such as depression, anxiety, anger, and conflicts around spirituality and/or trauma. I imagine you are considering or seeking someone to talk with because of some dissatisfaction in your life. We begin by exploring the problem(s) you currently experience. This inevitably leads us to uncovering and exploring the hidden maladaptive patterns in your life.
(865) 630-4866 View (865) 630-4866
Photo of Amanda Surdock, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Amanda Surdock
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist specializing in assessment and evaluation across the lifespan. I enjoy working with people of all ages, and I specialize in diagnosis and treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist specializing in assessment and evaluation across the lifespan. I enjoy working with people of all ages, and I specialize in diagnosis and treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression.
(865) 321-1076 View (865) 321-1076
Photo of Dayle Stewart, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Dayle Stewart
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Not accepting new clients
A warm hello. I work with individuals and couples, helping them navigate life's challenges. I am person-centered and strengths-focused, meeting my clients with genuine, heart-centered quality care. Utilizing Person-Centered Therapy, DBT, CBT, and a variety of other modalities through a relational approach ensures individualized treatment for each person I see. As an EMDR Certified Therapist, I offer additional resources and treatment options for clients as well. I am LGBTQ+ affirming. Sitting with my clients is a journey I’m truly honored to be part of. Don't hesitate to reach out - looking forward to meeting you!
A warm hello. I work with individuals and couples, helping them navigate life's challenges. I am person-centered and strengths-focused, meeting my clients with genuine, heart-centered quality care. Utilizing Person-Centered Therapy, DBT, CBT, and a variety of other modalities through a relational approach ensures individualized treatment for each person I see. As an EMDR Certified Therapist, I offer additional resources and treatment options for clients as well. I am LGBTQ+ affirming. Sitting with my clients is a journey I’m truly honored to be part of. Don't hesitate to reach out - looking forward to meeting you!
(865) 426-1255 View (865) 426-1255
Photo of Bojana Staley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Bojana Staley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Are you feeling the weight of grief, trauma, depression, or anxiety and would like assistance in healing. Do you need someone to listen without judgment? If so, please reach out; I would love to talk. I believe therapy is a collaborative effort, and in this partnership, we will strive to achieve healing and your highest potential together. Our work together will offer insight into past experiences and relationships that may influence the present and provide tangible coping skills to help you move beyond where you currently find yourself.
Are you feeling the weight of grief, trauma, depression, or anxiety and would like assistance in healing. Do you need someone to listen without judgment? If so, please reach out; I would love to talk. I believe therapy is a collaborative effort, and in this partnership, we will strive to achieve healing and your highest potential together. Our work together will offer insight into past experiences and relationships that may influence the present and provide tangible coping skills to help you move beyond where you currently find yourself.
(865) 413-5573 View (865) 413-5573
Photo of Lauren Shockley, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Lauren Shockley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
When you face challenges in your life, it's helpful to have support along the way. My role as a therapist is to work alongside you as a guide, not tell you what to do. Therapy sessions are a collaborative process, and they are aimed at empowering you to better understand yourself and to develop the coping skills necessary to live a more fulfilling life. Together, we will focus on your unique needs and explore meaningful changes you would like to see in your life so that you can be your most authentic self, and live a life of meaning and purpose.
When you face challenges in your life, it's helpful to have support along the way. My role as a therapist is to work alongside you as a guide, not tell you what to do. Therapy sessions are a collaborative process, and they are aimed at empowering you to better understand yourself and to develop the coping skills necessary to live a more fulfilling life. Together, we will focus on your unique needs and explore meaningful changes you would like to see in your life so that you can be your most authentic self, and live a life of meaning and purpose.
(865) 419-7912 View (865) 419-7912
Photo of Charles E Martin, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Charles E Martin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Dr. Charles E. Martin is a licensed clinical psychologist in private practice in Knoxville, TN. He is currently accepting new patients, and both day and evening hours are available, as well as Telehealth sessions. Dr. Martin has been in practice over 40 years working with adults with a wide range of problems. Dr. Martin's treatment approach is solution-oriented. Often described as gentle and easy-going with a good sense of humor, Dr. Martin's counseling style is amiable and courteous. He understands that many people are quite anxious when they begin counseling and he makes the initial sessions comfortable.
Dr. Charles E. Martin is a licensed clinical psychologist in private practice in Knoxville, TN. He is currently accepting new patients, and both day and evening hours are available, as well as Telehealth sessions. Dr. Martin has been in practice over 40 years working with adults with a wide range of problems. Dr. Martin's treatment approach is solution-oriented. Often described as gentle and easy-going with a good sense of humor, Dr. Martin's counseling style is amiable and courteous. He understands that many people are quite anxious when they begin counseling and he makes the initial sessions comfortable.
(865) 320-9901 View (865) 320-9901
Photo of Jillian Creswell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Jillian Creswell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37917
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling with challenges related to daily stressors, past trauma or life transitions? I understand that change can be scary, and I am here to help clients through this process. I enjoy working with adults as they navigate life changes, learn skills for managing stress, and improve relationships. I have experience with teens, college students and young professionals, as they explore self-identity, family conflict, and challenges related to work/life balance. I am also passionate about helping clients heal from childhood trauma and find new ways to manage emotions.
Are you struggling with challenges related to daily stressors, past trauma or life transitions? I understand that change can be scary, and I am here to help clients through this process. I enjoy working with adults as they navigate life changes, learn skills for managing stress, and improve relationships. I have experience with teens, college students and young professionals, as they explore self-identity, family conflict, and challenges related to work/life balance. I am also passionate about helping clients heal from childhood trauma and find new ways to manage emotions.
(865) 270-4729 View (865) 270-4729
Photo of Catherine E. Zook-Bell, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Catherine E. Zook-Bell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
For more than twenty years I have had the privilege of working as a psychologist. My clients come to therapy with a number of different concerns and needs including mood disorders, trauma, relationship and family issues, transitions and personal growth. My intent is to work collaboratively with my clients toward symptom reduction and an improved sense of wellbeing and personal and relational healing.
For more than twenty years I have had the privilege of working as a psychologist. My clients come to therapy with a number of different concerns and needs including mood disorders, trauma, relationship and family issues, transitions and personal growth. My intent is to work collaboratively with my clients toward symptom reduction and an improved sense of wellbeing and personal and relational healing.
(865) 745-5041 View (865) 745-5041
Photo of Alexandra Harrell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Alexandra Harrell
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Often times life can be confusing, uncertain, and uneasy, which may cause daily tasks to feel unmanageable. We can experience stress, anxiety, withdrawal from friends or family, etc. As a therapist, I want to walk alongside of you and help you process, heal, and grow into the person you want to be.
Often times life can be confusing, uncertain, and uneasy, which may cause daily tasks to feel unmanageable. We can experience stress, anxiety, withdrawal from friends or family, etc. As a therapist, I want to walk alongside of you and help you process, heal, and grow into the person you want to be.
(865) 432-6946 View (865) 432-6946
Photo of Regina Reed-Davis Counseling Services , Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Regina Reed-Davis Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37934
FOCUS: Trauma Recovery, Divorce Recovery, Marriage Counseling, Christian Counseling, Premarital Counseling. I am trained in Gottman's Couples therapy, EMDR-Trauma, EFIT-Emotional, CBT-Cognitive Behavioral, Biblical counseling, and Prepare & Enrich Premarital Counseling.
FOCUS: Trauma Recovery, Divorce Recovery, Marriage Counseling, Christian Counseling, Premarital Counseling. I am trained in Gottman's Couples therapy, EMDR-Trauma, EFIT-Emotional, CBT-Cognitive Behavioral, Biblical counseling, and Prepare & Enrich Premarital Counseling.
(865) 217-2051 View (865) 217-2051
Photo of Katie Wheeler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Katie Wheeler
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Have you experienced a trauma in your life which you are finding to be difficult to cope with? Are you noticing your past wounds are impacting who you are today? Moving forward after a traumatic event can be difficult. I aim to provide my clients with a secure and accepting environment. My ideal client would come to session ready to process difficult things while they curl up on my couch and feel at home in my office space. Although I have seen clients of all ages and diagnoses, I feel the most comfortable with teen and adult aged clients who are currently experiencing PTSD, anxiety, and/or depression.
Have you experienced a trauma in your life which you are finding to be difficult to cope with? Are you noticing your past wounds are impacting who you are today? Moving forward after a traumatic event can be difficult. I aim to provide my clients with a secure and accepting environment. My ideal client would come to session ready to process difficult things while they curl up on my couch and feel at home in my office space. Although I have seen clients of all ages and diagnoses, I feel the most comfortable with teen and adult aged clients who are currently experiencing PTSD, anxiety, and/or depression.
(865) 217-0931 View (865) 217-0931
Photo of Amy Canfield, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Amy Canfield
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Not accepting new clients
Amy is a Licensed Professional Counselor/Mental Health Services Provider. For almost 20 years, she has worked with adults and teens in a variety of settings in Texas and Tennessee. Amy believes in the mind-body connection, and the fact that our bodies carry our stories. Amy has experience working with individuals who’ve experienced complex trauma and complicated family histories, and understands the complexity of these experiences. She also has experience working with individuals with relationship issues, anxiety and depression, and adjusting to life changes.
Amy is a Licensed Professional Counselor/Mental Health Services Provider. For almost 20 years, she has worked with adults and teens in a variety of settings in Texas and Tennessee. Amy believes in the mind-body connection, and the fact that our bodies carry our stories. Amy has experience working with individuals who’ve experienced complex trauma and complicated family histories, and understands the complexity of these experiences. She also has experience working with individuals with relationship issues, anxiety and depression, and adjusting to life changes.
(865) 672-0536 View (865) 672-0536

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

700+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
67% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.