Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

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Photo of Daniel L Monserud, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Daniel L Monserud
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I look forward to working with people struggling with substance abuse, anxiety disorders and those that are struggling to leave a relationship.
I look forward to working with people struggling with substance abuse, anxiety disorders and those that are struggling to leave a relationship.
(651) 615-9172 View (651) 615-9172
Photo of Joelle L Kallio, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Joelle L Kallio
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116
If you are looking to make a change but are not sure how, therapy can help. Therapy can feel intimidating but it shouldn't be. The process of learning about yourself and evaluating how you think can prove to be a healing one. It also helps you to find ways to cope with the past and to heal from pain related to one's experiences. It's human to get stuck sometimes and it helps to talk things through, to help make sense of it all, and to move toward living a more satisfying life.
If you are looking to make a change but are not sure how, therapy can help. Therapy can feel intimidating but it shouldn't be. The process of learning about yourself and evaluating how you think can prove to be a healing one. It also helps you to find ways to cope with the past and to heal from pain related to one's experiences. It's human to get stuck sometimes and it helps to talk things through, to help make sense of it all, and to move toward living a more satisfying life.
(651) 564-8506 View (651) 564-8506
Photo of Peter Meilahn, MA, LPCC, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Peter Meilahn, MA, LPCC
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
My clients can change anxiety, ADHD, autism, or pain with live heart and brain feedback called biofeedback or neurofeedback in online visits. Clients control music volume on their phones with their calm attention levels with free biofeedback equipment I provide. It is easy mindfulness therapy for kids and adults. It is proven to work as well as medication for anxiety, ADHD, and pain. I have years of experience as a therapist, and have taught clinicians at The University of MN Medical Center and elsewhere. Insurance covers this service. To schedule a 20 minute call, click here: https://neurotherapy.intakeq.com/booking
My clients can change anxiety, ADHD, autism, or pain with live heart and brain feedback called biofeedback or neurofeedback in online visits. Clients control music volume on their phones with their calm attention levels with free biofeedback equipment I provide. It is easy mindfulness therapy for kids and adults. It is proven to work as well as medication for anxiety, ADHD, and pain. I have years of experience as a therapist, and have taught clinicians at The University of MN Medical Center and elsewhere. Insurance covers this service. To schedule a 20 minute call, click here: https://neurotherapy.intakeq.com/booking
(612) 351-4958 View (612) 351-4958
Photo of Mai Bao Xiong, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Mai Bao Xiong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
**I am not accepting new clients at this time** Are you overwhelmed with navigating pressures from family, culture and society? Is it hard to find someone who can understand the intersections of your identity and life experiences? My BIPOC clients often tell me about the emotional fatigue of having to explain their stories to mainstream providers. This takes the focus away from healing. They want strategies that honor their deep narratives and tools that respect their heritage and cultural wisdom. If you see yourself in any of these struggles, I invite you to schedule a free consultation with me to reclaim your story.
**I am not accepting new clients at this time** Are you overwhelmed with navigating pressures from family, culture and society? Is it hard to find someone who can understand the intersections of your identity and life experiences? My BIPOC clients often tell me about the emotional fatigue of having to explain their stories to mainstream providers. This takes the focus away from healing. They want strategies that honor their deep narratives and tools that respect their heritage and cultural wisdom. If you see yourself in any of these struggles, I invite you to schedule a free consultation with me to reclaim your story.
(651) 419-4841 View (651) 419-4841
Photo of Rebecca A Stewart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Rebecca A Stewart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Not accepting new clients
Welcome. The desire to feel seen, heard, and understood is a universal and essential part of human wellness. In my work as a psychotherapist I try to help people understand, both emotionally and intellectually, the deeper roots of their difficulties and reignite their own natural gifts for growth, and resilience. I understand that coming to therapy can be difficult, and I strive to provide a warm, compassionate, and empathetic space for our work together. I am relational in my approach; this means I believe that how well I listen and connect with you matters.
Welcome. The desire to feel seen, heard, and understood is a universal and essential part of human wellness. In my work as a psychotherapist I try to help people understand, both emotionally and intellectually, the deeper roots of their difficulties and reignite their own natural gifts for growth, and resilience. I understand that coming to therapy can be difficult, and I strive to provide a warm, compassionate, and empathetic space for our work together. I am relational in my approach; this means I believe that how well I listen and connect with you matters.
(612) 260-9980 View (612) 260-9980
Photo of Nguyen Vu, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Nguyen Vu
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
When someone lets me sit with them, listen to their stories, and be a witness to their pains, bravery, and strengths, I consider it an honor and a privilege. Through my personal and professional journey, I have learned, and wholeheartedly believe that every person already has what it takes in them to be content and happy. However, life has never been simple or easy, despite its beauty. Often we can lose sight of our unique and intrinsic strengths, beauty, and meanings when surrounded by the busyness of daily life, human suffering, and un-nourishing cultural messages.
When someone lets me sit with them, listen to their stories, and be a witness to their pains, bravery, and strengths, I consider it an honor and a privilege. Through my personal and professional journey, I have learned, and wholeheartedly believe that every person already has what it takes in them to be content and happy. However, life has never been simple or easy, despite its beauty. Often we can lose sight of our unique and intrinsic strengths, beauty, and meanings when surrounded by the busyness of daily life, human suffering, and un-nourishing cultural messages.
(651) 661-5609 View (651) 661-5609
Photo of Tracy R Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Tracy R Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I am a white, ciswoman, eager to work with adults interested in integrating Somatic Experiencing work into psychotherapy, a body based trauma therapy. If you recognize that your personal struggles are connected to the pervasive impact of the social, political, structural and power dynamics in which we live, working on that connection can be powerful. Embodied psychotherapy can be helful if you are feeling stuck and flat, or anxious and feel like you can't turn off, or if you flip back and forth between anxious and despairing. I hope to support your natural resilience so you can move through the stressors of life with more ease.
I am a white, ciswoman, eager to work with adults interested in integrating Somatic Experiencing work into psychotherapy, a body based trauma therapy. If you recognize that your personal struggles are connected to the pervasive impact of the social, political, structural and power dynamics in which we live, working on that connection can be powerful. Embodied psychotherapy can be helful if you are feeling stuck and flat, or anxious and feel like you can't turn off, or if you flip back and forth between anxious and despairing. I hope to support your natural resilience so you can move through the stressors of life with more ease.
(612) 324-1392 View (612) 324-1392
Photo of Eleanor Porter-Nelson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Eleanor Porter-Nelson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55116  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients. Now accepting BCBS MN and HealthPartners insurance. Feeling stuck in your thoughts? Maybe you have trouble finding joy in day-to-day life or you find yourself spending more time worrying than not. In my work, I help people understand their symptoms, learn what might have gotten them here, and help them find a path to feeling better. I do this by using my knowledge of the brain and body to empower people to build self compassion, change their thought and behavior patterns, and build a balanced life.
Accepting new clients. Now accepting BCBS MN and HealthPartners insurance. Feeling stuck in your thoughts? Maybe you have trouble finding joy in day-to-day life or you find yourself spending more time worrying than not. In my work, I help people understand their symptoms, learn what might have gotten them here, and help them find a path to feeling better. I do this by using my knowledge of the brain and body to empower people to build self compassion, change their thought and behavior patterns, and build a balanced life.
(651) 409-5203 View (651) 409-5203
Photo of Corey Ennis, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Corey Ennis
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55116
An individual often seeks counseling to find new ways to grow, overcome barriers, and be successful in their journey to live the life that they want to live. I believe that my clients are amazing people with the ability to make these changes, but sometimes we all could use some help along the way. It is my goal to offer support in all of these areas to help the people that I work with get wherever they want to go on this journey, be an ally to individuals of all groups and worldviews, and be a guide that can empower them to take the next steps.
An individual often seeks counseling to find new ways to grow, overcome barriers, and be successful in their journey to live the life that they want to live. I believe that my clients are amazing people with the ability to make these changes, but sometimes we all could use some help along the way. It is my goal to offer support in all of these areas to help the people that I work with get wherever they want to go on this journey, be an ally to individuals of all groups and worldviews, and be a guide that can empower them to take the next steps.
(651) 615-0936 View (651) 615-0936
Photo of Carol L Hornbeck, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Carol L Hornbeck
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Waitlist for new clients
I work with couples, individuals, families and children online, via teletherapy, as well as in person. I support my clients across the life span to heal from losses and improve their relationships. I have extensive experience with LGBTQ issues, child development, adoption, sexual abuse, parenting challenges, divorce, suicide, and life transitions. My specialized training includes play therapy, couples therapy, and experience in infant and pregnancy loss, complicated or unplanned pregnancies, and infant/toddler mental health.
I work with couples, individuals, families and children online, via teletherapy, as well as in person. I support my clients across the life span to heal from losses and improve their relationships. I have extensive experience with LGBTQ issues, child development, adoption, sexual abuse, parenting challenges, divorce, suicide, and life transitions. My specialized training includes play therapy, couples therapy, and experience in infant and pregnancy loss, complicated or unplanned pregnancies, and infant/toddler mental health.
(612) 444-7232 x317413 View (612) 444-7232 x317413
Photo of Kait Nolte, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Kait Nolte
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
My approach to therapy is relational, attachment focused, systems based, and trauma informed as I believe how we experience the world is through an eclectic lens of our relational and developmental histories, genetic and biological make-up, experiences with others, and the communities in which we live. I believe that sometimes healing is best ignited through connection, support, and exploration. I practice primarily with adult individuals, families, and couples navigating the effects of stress, PTSD/trauma, identity exploration and self-esteem, life transitions, oppression, and dual-diagnosis.
My approach to therapy is relational, attachment focused, systems based, and trauma informed as I believe how we experience the world is through an eclectic lens of our relational and developmental histories, genetic and biological make-up, experiences with others, and the communities in which we live. I believe that sometimes healing is best ignited through connection, support, and exploration. I practice primarily with adult individuals, families, and couples navigating the effects of stress, PTSD/trauma, identity exploration and self-esteem, life transitions, oppression, and dual-diagnosis.
(651) 615-4657 View (651) 615-4657
Photo of Oliver Ross, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Oliver Ross
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Waitlist for new clients
Despite the fact that therapy often requires facing some painful realities, for many of the people I work with therapy is a lot of fun. I bring my compassion, training, experience, and dedication to therapy, and in exchange I ask that you take chances: trying something different even if it makes you feel uncomfortable, being vulnerable even if it hasn't always worked for you in the past, and being honest even when it might be a difficult truth to face. (See website for more info stptherapy.org or DrOliverRoss.com)
Despite the fact that therapy often requires facing some painful realities, for many of the people I work with therapy is a lot of fun. I bring my compassion, training, experience, and dedication to therapy, and in exchange I ask that you take chances: trying something different even if it makes you feel uncomfortable, being vulnerable even if it hasn't always worked for you in the past, and being honest even when it might be a difficult truth to face. (See website for more info stptherapy.org or DrOliverRoss.com)
(612) 361-3867 View (612) 361-3867
Photo of Paula Anderson, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Paula Anderson
Counselor, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Paula Anderson is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Minnesota who has been practicing since 2022. Paula enjoys working with people making life changes, getting free from substance use, repairing relationships (couples), and finding themselves in a new or unexpected life position. Many of her clients have been stalled by grief or trauma. Paula is a champion of recognizing and appreciating the trauma and grief of people in later life and believes society has ignored our elders' mental health. Outside of work, Paula's dogs are a big part of her life, she enjoys attending training classes and exercising them.
Paula Anderson is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Minnesota who has been practicing since 2022. Paula enjoys working with people making life changes, getting free from substance use, repairing relationships (couples), and finding themselves in a new or unexpected life position. Many of her clients have been stalled by grief or trauma. Paula is a champion of recognizing and appreciating the trauma and grief of people in later life and believes society has ignored our elders' mental health. Outside of work, Paula's dogs are a big part of her life, she enjoys attending training classes and exercising them.
(651) 615-0940 View (651) 615-0940
Photo of Rebecca Rathjen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Rebecca Rathjen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Sometimes we need a little extra support. Maybe you feel like something just isn’t quite right, but you’re not sure what it is. Maybe you know what is causing some difficulty, like a big change, a loss, being hurt in a relationship, or trauma. Or maybe you have been feeling a lot of anxiety or stress lately. Life can bring challenges. In our work together I will help you uncover your strengths and capacity to heal.
Sometimes we need a little extra support. Maybe you feel like something just isn’t quite right, but you’re not sure what it is. Maybe you know what is causing some difficulty, like a big change, a loss, being hurt in a relationship, or trauma. Or maybe you have been feeling a lot of anxiety or stress lately. Life can bring challenges. In our work together I will help you uncover your strengths and capacity to heal.
(651) 433-6411 x704 View (651) 433-6411 x704
Photo of Tiffany Ogden, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Tiffany Ogden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
What would you say if I told you that you could hope again? That your relationships with your spouse, your family, and your friends could be improved? That you don't need to be controlled by your fears and that you could find relief from worry? Taking the first steps to explore these challenges can be the most difficult. I understand how fear and doubt can keep you from finding the courage to seek healing. I am willing to walk by your side as you face the concerns that have kept you from enjoying your life to its fullest.
What would you say if I told you that you could hope again? That your relationships with your spouse, your family, and your friends could be improved? That you don't need to be controlled by your fears and that you could find relief from worry? Taking the first steps to explore these challenges can be the most difficult. I understand how fear and doubt can keep you from finding the courage to seek healing. I am willing to walk by your side as you face the concerns that have kept you from enjoying your life to its fullest.
(651) 964-1880 View (651) 964-1880
Photo of Amanda Stranko, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Amanda Stranko
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55101  (Online Only)
Since entering the field five years ago, I have worked with clients around general mental health concerns and healthy sexuality, especially the impacts this can have on a person's mental health. Our goals will be to discover healthy and appropriate coping skills to managing mental health concerns. In doing so, you will have a better understanding of yourself and the concerns that bought you to see me.
Since entering the field five years ago, I have worked with clients around general mental health concerns and healthy sexuality, especially the impacts this can have on a person's mental health. Our goals will be to discover healthy and appropriate coping skills to managing mental health concerns. In doing so, you will have a better understanding of yourself and the concerns that bought you to see me.
(651) 427-1137 x100 View (651) 427-1137 x100
Photo of Mariah Lord, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Saint Paul, MN
Mariah Lord
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LAMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Not accepting new clients
Whether this is the first time you're embarking on your therapy journey, or you're revisiting the search for a therapist who truly sees and understands you, this process can be so overwhelming. But you're taking this leap into therapy for a reason. Maybe you're feeling disconnected with yourself or those around you and you're ready to reimagine what your life could look like. Maybe you're ready to take the courageous step to begin healing from past emotional wounds that have been keeping you from living in the present. Maybe the weight of the world and its systemic injustices feels inescapable.
Whether this is the first time you're embarking on your therapy journey, or you're revisiting the search for a therapist who truly sees and understands you, this process can be so overwhelming. But you're taking this leap into therapy for a reason. Maybe you're feeling disconnected with yourself or those around you and you're ready to reimagine what your life could look like. Maybe you're ready to take the courageous step to begin healing from past emotional wounds that have been keeping you from living in the present. Maybe the weight of the world and its systemic injustices feels inescapable.
(651) 615-3320 View (651) 615-3320
Photo of Cornerstone Therapy and Recovery Center, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Cornerstone Therapy and Recovery Center
Psychologist, MA, LP
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Waitlist for new clients
I've been counseling men and couples for over 40 years. My specialties are men with compulsive/addictive sexual behaviors, unresolved childhood abuse/trauma/neglect, anxiety/depression, relationship problems and intimacy issues. I also do couple's therapy teaching and helping couples in good communication and conflict management and how to heal from infidelity. Cornerstone has 5 outpatient treatment groups for men with sexual addiction. We also have very skilled therapist who treat childhood trauma and neglect with very highly regarded therapeutic methods and approaches including EMDR, Sensorimotor and Pesso Psychomotor Therapy.
I've been counseling men and couples for over 40 years. My specialties are men with compulsive/addictive sexual behaviors, unresolved childhood abuse/trauma/neglect, anxiety/depression, relationship problems and intimacy issues. I also do couple's therapy teaching and helping couples in good communication and conflict management and how to heal from infidelity. Cornerstone has 5 outpatient treatment groups for men with sexual addiction. We also have very skilled therapist who treat childhood trauma and neglect with very highly regarded therapeutic methods and approaches including EMDR, Sensorimotor and Pesso Psychomotor Therapy.
(651) 964-0945 View (651) 964-0945
Photo of Namu Integrative Therapy Services, LLC, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Namu Integrative Therapy Services, LLC
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55105
Namu Integrative Therapy Services, LLC is a private practice dedicated to working with individuals around healing traumas and oppression through a holistic and decolonized lens. Our providers have experience working with BIPOC and LGBTQIA+ communities, marginalization, adoption (domestic, transnational, and transracial), foster care, complex and developmental trauma, grief, self-esteem, identity, spirituality, depression, anxiety, attachment, racial trauma and oppression, and somatic work.
Namu Integrative Therapy Services, LLC is a private practice dedicated to working with individuals around healing traumas and oppression through a holistic and decolonized lens. Our providers have experience working with BIPOC and LGBTQIA+ communities, marginalization, adoption (domestic, transnational, and transracial), foster care, complex and developmental trauma, grief, self-esteem, identity, spirituality, depression, anxiety, attachment, racial trauma and oppression, and somatic work.
(651) 888-8259 View (651) 888-8259
Photo of Alycia Novotny, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Alycia Novotny
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55126
Not accepting new clients
Living a human life is a heroically weird journey and experiencing it with all of its challenges and joys can be overwhelming. With compassionate, knowledgeable care, it can also be enlightening and a catalyst for positive changes and peaceful living. I value people’s stories and strengths while holding space for the places that are struggling.
Living a human life is a heroically weird journey and experiencing it with all of its challenges and joys can be overwhelming. With compassionate, knowledgeable care, it can also be enlightening and a catalyst for positive changes and peaceful living. I value people’s stories and strengths while holding space for the places that are struggling.
(651) 424-0389 View (651) 424-0389

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% UCare
68% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Saint Paul, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.