Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Wendy Cheung - Dr. Wendy Cheung, Ph.D, PhD, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Wendy Cheung, Ph.D
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010  (Online Only)
My experience enables me to work with a range of issues including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, OCD, anger, psychosis, stress, trauma, and relationship problems. I also specialize in cultural and intergenerational issues such as culture shock, identity crisis, sense of belonging, and intergenerational and family issues associated with cultural conflicts. My goal is to help you relieve pain and suffering, reconnect you with the environments and people around you. I am devoted to the mission of helping you utilize your full potential for achieving important goals, and ultimately creating a more joyful and meaningful life.
My experience enables me to work with a range of issues including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, OCD, anger, psychosis, stress, trauma, and relationship problems. I also specialize in cultural and intergenerational issues such as culture shock, identity crisis, sense of belonging, and intergenerational and family issues associated with cultural conflicts. My goal is to help you relieve pain and suffering, reconnect you with the environments and people around you. I am devoted to the mission of helping you utilize your full potential for achieving important goals, and ultimately creating a more joyful and meaningful life.
(347) 801-0424 View (347) 801-0424
Photo of Julia Fassler, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julia Fassler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
Knowing where to begin or what the journey will look like can make reaching out for support feel quite daunting. Asking for help can be especially challenging when formative environments have been both diminishing and invalidating of our needs. My goal is to meet you in that moment of outreach and welcome you into a safe and compassionate space where we will deepen insight and develop strategies to help you gain a sense of choice and control in your life.
Knowing where to begin or what the journey will look like can make reaching out for support feel quite daunting. Asking for help can be especially challenging when formative environments have been both diminishing and invalidating of our needs. My goal is to meet you in that moment of outreach and welcome you into a safe and compassionate space where we will deepen insight and develop strategies to help you gain a sense of choice and control in your life.
(347) 983-0591 View (347) 983-0591
Photo of Amy Wilder, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Wilder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
New York, NY 10034  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you a resilient person who is struggling? Have you lived through a traumatic event or childhood, and find yourself frequently stuck in self-destructive patterns and relationships? Or do you help others for a living and often feel anxious, depressed, or overwhelmed and just plain burnt out? Are you in the midst of a significant life transition or loss and not sure what to do next? Finding confidence in your own voice and abilities, and clarity about your own needs can be difficult when you've been through extremely stressful experiences. I'm here to guide you back to yourself and help you reach your goals.
Are you a resilient person who is struggling? Have you lived through a traumatic event or childhood, and find yourself frequently stuck in self-destructive patterns and relationships? Or do you help others for a living and often feel anxious, depressed, or overwhelmed and just plain burnt out? Are you in the midst of a significant life transition or loss and not sure what to do next? Finding confidence in your own voice and abilities, and clarity about your own needs can be difficult when you've been through extremely stressful experiences. I'm here to guide you back to yourself and help you reach your goals.
(347) 491-7737 View (347) 491-7737
Photo of Francisco Vásquez-Martínez (Psicoterapeuta En Español), MA
Francisco Vásquez-Martínez (Psicoterapeuta En Español)
MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10034  (Online Only)
Llevo más de una década como psicólogo clínico online, acompañando personas en su proceso de estabilización y crecimiento personal bajo un enfoque ecléctico. Con amplia experiencia en DEPENDENCIA EMOCIONAL, ANSIEDAD, DEPRESIÓN, PAREJAS, BIPOLARIDAD, obsesiones-compulsiones, violencia de género, duelo, envejecimiento, etc..
Llevo más de una década como psicólogo clínico online, acompañando personas en su proceso de estabilización y crecimiento personal bajo un enfoque ecléctico. Con amplia experiencia en DEPENDENCIA EMOCIONAL, ANSIEDAD, DEPRESIÓN, PAREJAS, BIPOLARIDAD, obsesiones-compulsiones, violencia de género, duelo, envejecimiento, etc..
(718) 717-8757 View (718) 717-8757
Photo of Emma Turner, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Emma Turner
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
I take a person-centered approach to therapy. You, the client, are totally in charge of where this journey takes us. I believe that the core of successful therapy is in the bond between client and therapist. As such, I always meet my clients where they are at and work to build a strong relationship through genuine and honest conversations. I am skilled in CBT/DBT, and I hold a certification in Clinical Trauma Treatment (CCTP). Throughout my career, I have worked extensively with adolescents and young adults to build introspection, curiosity, and compassion in order to address their concerns with anxiety, depression, and trauma.
I take a person-centered approach to therapy. You, the client, are totally in charge of where this journey takes us. I believe that the core of successful therapy is in the bond between client and therapist. As such, I always meet my clients where they are at and work to build a strong relationship through genuine and honest conversations. I am skilled in CBT/DBT, and I hold a certification in Clinical Trauma Treatment (CCTP). Throughout my career, I have worked extensively with adolescents and young adults to build introspection, curiosity, and compassion in order to address their concerns with anxiety, depression, and trauma.
(646) 768-9198 View (646) 768-9198
Photo of Caleb Valentin, MHC-LP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Caleb Valentin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10065  (Online Only)
You are the author of your own story, and you deserve to bring that story to its fullest potential. Whether it’s unpacking your past or moving forward with your best self, we all just want to live our most authentic lives. My hope is to work together to understand the story that you want to tell and provide you with the tools to execute it. There will be bumps along the way, but I hope to provide you with a warm and empathetic space where you can explore and gain the confidence you need to accomplish any goal you want to strive towards together.
You are the author of your own story, and you deserve to bring that story to its fullest potential. Whether it’s unpacking your past or moving forward with your best self, we all just want to live our most authentic lives. My hope is to work together to understand the story that you want to tell and provide you with the tools to execute it. There will be bumps along the way, but I hope to provide you with a warm and empathetic space where you can explore and gain the confidence you need to accomplish any goal you want to strive towards together.
(347) 289-7358 View (347) 289-7358
Photo of Helene Barnett, MA, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Helene Barnett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
I have been a therapist for over 30 years and work mainly from an insight oriented point of view. I have been influenced by humanistic, psychodynamic, interpersonal and Gestalt therapies and I have attended The Gestalt Institute for Psychotherapy. I believe it is important to be clear,non-judgmental and empathic in supporting a person's desire to find meaning and a new way of understanding themselves. Significant change takes place on an emotional level and involves reworking the way we think leading to a change in the way we feel. I have also been trained in EMDR and work with trauma
I have been a therapist for over 30 years and work mainly from an insight oriented point of view. I have been influenced by humanistic, psychodynamic, interpersonal and Gestalt therapies and I have attended The Gestalt Institute for Psychotherapy. I believe it is important to be clear,non-judgmental and empathic in supporting a person's desire to find meaning and a new way of understanding themselves. Significant change takes place on an emotional level and involves reworking the way we think leading to a change in the way we feel. I have also been trained in EMDR and work with trauma
(917) 284-8951 View (917) 284-8951
Photo of Victoria L Rivera - Victoria Rivera, LCSW, Wellness Psychotherapist, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Victoria Rivera, LCSW, Wellness Psychotherapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10120
Suffering with stress, anxiety or grief? If you want to feel better, please feel free to contact me, if I can not help you, I will help you with finding someone who can. Life is too short to suffer.
Suffering with stress, anxiety or grief? If you want to feel better, please feel free to contact me, if I can not help you, I will help you with finding someone who can. Life is too short to suffer.
(646) 791-3392 View (646) 791-3392
Photo of Cherylynn Marino, PhD, Psychologist
Cherylynn Marino
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
Taking that first step to begin therapy can be exciting. You are embarking on a journey of self discovery (and growth), and I strive to be an integral part of that process for you as your therapist. As my client, we will work together towards goals that you come to therapy for, combining this with my expertise of development and healing. In therapy, you can expect to learn more about yourself, including your strengths and your unique personality. You can also expect to reduce less desirable characteristics, behaviors, My training is specialized in the treatment of trauma, mood difficulties, and interpersonal relationship problems.
Taking that first step to begin therapy can be exciting. You are embarking on a journey of self discovery (and growth), and I strive to be an integral part of that process for you as your therapist. As my client, we will work together towards goals that you come to therapy for, combining this with my expertise of development and healing. In therapy, you can expect to learn more about yourself, including your strengths and your unique personality. You can also expect to reduce less desirable characteristics, behaviors, My training is specialized in the treatment of trauma, mood difficulties, and interpersonal relationship problems.
(646) 798-5536 View (646) 798-5536
Photo of Diane M Barnes, LCSW, MBA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Diane M Barnes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Therapy is an art. My patients come to me to paint their life pictures and I am here to guide them in this journey. I work with them to gain insight into themselves and their problems and acquire practical tools to better cope with them. I am a firm believer in the "real relationship". I am NOT a blank screen and the treatment is very much interactive and collaborative.
Therapy is an art. My patients come to me to paint their life pictures and I am here to guide them in this journey. I work with them to gain insight into themselves and their problems and acquire practical tools to better cope with them. I am a firm believer in the "real relationship". I am NOT a blank screen and the treatment is very much interactive and collaborative.
(212) 587-7618 View (212) 587-7618
Photo of Haley Kastner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Haley Kastner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10005
Haley provides evidence-based therapy for children, teens, and adults. She has had the opportunity to provide care in private practice, school, and medical settings. This array of experiences has fostered her ability to understand clients through a multi-disciplinary lens and draw upon a multitude of evidence-based treatments, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Behavioral Activation, Prevention-Focused Care, Crisis Intervention, Trauma-Focused CBT, and Exposure and Response Prevention. She utilizes these therapies to target anxiety, stress, depression, OCD, trauma, and executive functioning deficits.
Haley provides evidence-based therapy for children, teens, and adults. She has had the opportunity to provide care in private practice, school, and medical settings. This array of experiences has fostered her ability to understand clients through a multi-disciplinary lens and draw upon a multitude of evidence-based treatments, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Behavioral Activation, Prevention-Focused Care, Crisis Intervention, Trauma-Focused CBT, and Exposure and Response Prevention. She utilizes these therapies to target anxiety, stress, depression, OCD, trauma, and executive functioning deficits.
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Photo of Kiera Muscara, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kiera Muscara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
Clients often begin therapy from an overwhelmed, entangled headspace, knowing innately there’s something they would like to work towards, but feeling unsure of what that journey may look like. I strive to join you where you’re at, providing a safe, non-judgmental space to be heard. We will work together to uncover insights and gain clarity, drawing upon your strengths, capabilities, and sense of self. My approach is warm, conversational, and collaborative, beginning with your goals and hopes for treatment, and incorporating creative methods to work together in this pursuit. Our sessions are tailored to best suit your unique needs.
Clients often begin therapy from an overwhelmed, entangled headspace, knowing innately there’s something they would like to work towards, but feeling unsure of what that journey may look like. I strive to join you where you’re at, providing a safe, non-judgmental space to be heard. We will work together to uncover insights and gain clarity, drawing upon your strengths, capabilities, and sense of self. My approach is warm, conversational, and collaborative, beginning with your goals and hopes for treatment, and incorporating creative methods to work together in this pursuit. Our sessions are tailored to best suit your unique needs.
(347) 826-6721 View (347) 826-6721
Photo of Nayeli Azul Salazar, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nayeli Azul Salazar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I provide a warm and non-judgmental space so you can speak openly about your experiences. I bring understanding working with LGBTQ+ individuals, first and second-generation immigrants, sex workers, and those in non-monogamous relationships. As a Latina transgender woman, I understand the importance of receiving affirming care that honors your unique identity and experiences. I want to hear your values and goals to help guide the direction of therapy.
I provide a warm and non-judgmental space so you can speak openly about your experiences. I bring understanding working with LGBTQ+ individuals, first and second-generation immigrants, sex workers, and those in non-monogamous relationships. As a Latina transgender woman, I understand the importance of receiving affirming care that honors your unique identity and experiences. I want to hear your values and goals to help guide the direction of therapy.
(332) 244-1248 View (332) 244-1248
Photo of Dalit R Gross, PsyD, Psychologist
Dalit R Gross
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Therapy should be a safe place where you can open up and speak freely and honestly. If you feel that your daily life is a struggle, I will work with you to help you understand your difficulty. We will work together to discover new ways of coping and understanding to alleviate your distress so that you can begin to live the the most rewarding and fulfilling life possible. My patients have commented they appreciate my warm nature and creativity I bring into sessions.
Therapy should be a safe place where you can open up and speak freely and honestly. If you feel that your daily life is a struggle, I will work with you to help you understand your difficulty. We will work together to discover new ways of coping and understanding to alleviate your distress so that you can begin to live the the most rewarding and fulfilling life possible. My patients have commented they appreciate my warm nature and creativity I bring into sessions.
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Photo of Erica Mantell Hamilton, PsyD, Psychologist
Erica Mantell Hamilton
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017  (Online Only)
Do you feel you are riding an emotional rollercoaster? Alternatively, do you feel like you are living in auto-pilot, going through the motions in life without finding much satisfaction? Or maybe you are experiencing anxiety, depression, difficulty coping with past traumas, relationship or work difficulties, or are just feeling stuck. Although we may find ourselves surrounded by supportive family and friends, we may still feel alone and isolated in our distress. Pain in life may be unavoidable, but you don’t need to go through it alone.
Do you feel you are riding an emotional rollercoaster? Alternatively, do you feel like you are living in auto-pilot, going through the motions in life without finding much satisfaction? Or maybe you are experiencing anxiety, depression, difficulty coping with past traumas, relationship or work difficulties, or are just feeling stuck. Although we may find ourselves surrounded by supportive family and friends, we may still feel alone and isolated in our distress. Pain in life may be unavoidable, but you don’t need to go through it alone.
(516) 701-2789 View (516) 701-2789
Photo of Pam Skop- Eating Disorders And Perinatal Mental Health, LMHC, RYT, CEDS, Counselor
Pam Skop- Eating Disorders And Perinatal Mental Health
Counselor, LMHC, RYT, CEDS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
We all face challenging times in our lives trying to fit into a mold created for us and can benefit from a space to explore who we truly are. As a therapist, I work collaboratively with my clients to create a warm, open, and trusting space helping you to fulfill your goals. I specialize in treating eating disorders, anxiety, trauma and PTSD, pregnancy, and postpartum challenges, and relational issues.
We all face challenging times in our lives trying to fit into a mold created for us and can benefit from a space to explore who we truly are. As a therapist, I work collaboratively with my clients to create a warm, open, and trusting space helping you to fulfill your goals. I specialize in treating eating disorders, anxiety, trauma and PTSD, pregnancy, and postpartum challenges, and relational issues.
(646) 921-7222 View (646) 921-7222
Photo of Michael J Mailloux, LMSW, LSW
Michael J Mailloux
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10007  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Social Worker in New York and New Jersey, and graduated from Fordham University where I earned my master’s degree in social work. I am passionate about helping my clients get to know and navigate their inner world. I work with individuals who have struggled with addiction, anxiety, depression, and trauma. In addition, I enjoy couples work, focusing on communication, negative patterns in relational conflict, and issues of infidelity. I decided to go back to school to earn my doctoral degree in social work at Capella University.
I am a Licensed Social Worker in New York and New Jersey, and graduated from Fordham University where I earned my master’s degree in social work. I am passionate about helping my clients get to know and navigate their inner world. I work with individuals who have struggled with addiction, anxiety, depression, and trauma. In addition, I enjoy couples work, focusing on communication, negative patterns in relational conflict, and issues of infidelity. I decided to go back to school to earn my doctoral degree in social work at Capella University.
(332) 249-8309 View (332) 249-8309
Photo of Alexis J Sturnick, LCSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexis J Sturnick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10013
Each individual's journey is filled with unique challenges and experiences. We all deserve a supportive space to navigate and overcome those obstacles. By working together in a cohesive and collaborative manner, we can help you become your best, most authentic self. Let us be part of your journey to healing and personal growth.
Each individual's journey is filled with unique challenges and experiences. We all deserve a supportive space to navigate and overcome those obstacles. By working together in a cohesive and collaborative manner, we can help you become your best, most authentic self. Let us be part of your journey to healing and personal growth.
(646) 917-8174 View (646) 917-8174
Photo of Chloe Yuetong Li, LCSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chloe Yuetong Li
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Let’s talk about what we do here and how we make healing happen. First and foremost, this is a collaboration between you and me. Why are you here and who are you? For many people, finding the answers to those two questions are already comforting enough that they might complete their therapy journey right there and then. But for others, knowing is not enough. You still need the tools to work through a depressive episode, or anxiety, or to deal with some relationship issues. That’s what we will do together – understanding the cause of your suffering, accepting its existence and finding ways to make it more bearable.
Let’s talk about what we do here and how we make healing happen. First and foremost, this is a collaboration between you and me. Why are you here and who are you? For many people, finding the answers to those two questions are already comforting enough that they might complete their therapy journey right there and then. But for others, knowing is not enough. You still need the tools to work through a depressive episode, or anxiety, or to deal with some relationship issues. That’s what we will do together – understanding the cause of your suffering, accepting its existence and finding ways to make it more bearable.
(929) 492-4269 View (929) 492-4269
Photo of Megan Romano, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Megan Romano
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
I use my sense of humor, most of all, and self-disclosure when I think it will help. I pride myself on trying to make therapy enjoyable. I have been a therapist for almost 20 years and have worked with so many different populations. I love what I do. Because I am a licensed Marriage family and child therapist, I can treat many people. My experience ranges from inpatient to outpatient as well as schools and foster homes. I specifically focus on trauma because we all have unresolved things that need to be resolved.
I use my sense of humor, most of all, and self-disclosure when I think it will help. I pride myself on trying to make therapy enjoyable. I have been a therapist for almost 20 years and have worked with so many different populations. I love what I do. Because I am a licensed Marriage family and child therapist, I can treat many people. My experience ranges from inpatient to outpatient as well as schools and foster homes. I specifically focus on trauma because we all have unresolved things that need to be resolved.
(646) 687-7254 View (646) 687-7254
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.