Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Kate Blake, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kate Blake
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical social worker with over eight years of experience providing therapy for adults and couples. I specialize in helping people recover from trauma and have been trained in a variety of techniques including Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. I am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing through EMDRIA. I also specialize in working with young adults as they navigate challenging life transitions. I believe in a collaborative and client-centered approach to therapy that focuses on your goals for your healing and well-being.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with over eight years of experience providing therapy for adults and couples. I specialize in helping people recover from trauma and have been trained in a variety of techniques including Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. I am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing through EMDRIA. I also specialize in working with young adults as they navigate challenging life transitions. I believe in a collaborative and client-centered approach to therapy that focuses on your goals for your healing and well-being.
(415) 903-7944 View (415) 903-7944
Photo of Danielle Spangler, PhD, Psychologist
Danielle Spangler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Though I have limited slots available, I am currently accepting new virtual patients! While we all experience stress, anxiety, and sadness, it is important to have a safe place to express yourself with compassionate guidance. I am a clinical psychologist committed to helping you work through life's challenges, in a warm, supportive, and empathic environment. I specialize in providing evidence-based treatments to adults who experience depression, anxiety, and stress. Further, I aid those facing life transitions, relationship challenges, as well as those who struggle with communication and/or assertiveness.
Though I have limited slots available, I am currently accepting new virtual patients! While we all experience stress, anxiety, and sadness, it is important to have a safe place to express yourself with compassionate guidance. I am a clinical psychologist committed to helping you work through life's challenges, in a warm, supportive, and empathic environment. I specialize in providing evidence-based treatments to adults who experience depression, anxiety, and stress. Further, I aid those facing life transitions, relationship challenges, as well as those who struggle with communication and/or assertiveness.
(805) 317-7963 View (805) 317-7963
Photo of Dr. Raquel Henry, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Raquel Henry
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
I am dedicated to providing a safe place where we can work through your experiences together. I understand that it is a privilege to bear witness to your vulnerability, so I will support you with compassion and a strengths-based approach. You are the expert in your life and my goal is to listen and help you identify the patterns or behaviors you have developed throughout your life that no longer serve you.
I am dedicated to providing a safe place where we can work through your experiences together. I understand that it is a privilege to bear witness to your vulnerability, so I will support you with compassion and a strengths-based approach. You are the expert in your life and my goal is to listen and help you identify the patterns or behaviors you have developed throughout your life that no longer serve you.
(341) 888-6442 View (341) 888-6442
Photo of Ian Silverness, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Ian Silverness
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94703
Are you looking to get in touch with your deepest sense of self and aliveness? When we touch into our depths, there is often a tremendous aliveness and vitality that we awaken. This can be both frightening and exciting. Whether through trauma, the stories we tell ourselves, or just simple habit, more people than ever are feeling disconnected. By our meeting together, we touch into how this aliveness wants to move through you, while being with and gently holding the parts that need support.
Are you looking to get in touch with your deepest sense of self and aliveness? When we touch into our depths, there is often a tremendous aliveness and vitality that we awaken. This can be both frightening and exciting. Whether through trauma, the stories we tell ourselves, or just simple habit, more people than ever are feeling disconnected. By our meeting together, we touch into how this aliveness wants to move through you, while being with and gently holding the parts that need support.
(415) 938-5352 View (415) 938-5352
Photo of Adrienne Skye Roberts, MA, LMFT
Adrienne Skye Roberts
MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Regardless of our histories, healing is possible. I have experienced it myself & have accompanied people in untenable conditions deepen their awareness & access what they need to heal. I provide therapy for people who want to transform limiting beliefs & patterns, heal attachment trauma and abuse, navigate relationships & complex families, & take accountability for past harm. I support people to feel compassion for all parts of themselves & live with more resilience and joy. My clients are queer & transgender people, social justice organizers, survivors, people impacted by the legal system, addiction, and/or violence.
Regardless of our histories, healing is possible. I have experienced it myself & have accompanied people in untenable conditions deepen their awareness & access what they need to heal. I provide therapy for people who want to transform limiting beliefs & patterns, heal attachment trauma and abuse, navigate relationships & complex families, & take accountability for past harm. I support people to feel compassion for all parts of themselves & live with more resilience and joy. My clients are queer & transgender people, social justice organizers, survivors, people impacted by the legal system, addiction, and/or violence.
(510) 647-6048 View (510) 647-6048
Photo of Yvette Flores, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Yvette Flores
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
I am passionate about fostering healing spaces for clients that want to reconnect to their authentic selves. I have extensive experience helping families with young children (0-5 years) navigate difficult and traumatic experiences through my use of Child Parent Psychotherapy (CPP). I also have ample experience helping immigrants, children of immigrants, and BIPGM (Black, Indigenous, and People of the Global Majority) heal from institutional, generational, and familial trauma through my use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), internal family systems (IFS), and ketamine assisted psychotherapy (KAP).
I am passionate about fostering healing spaces for clients that want to reconnect to their authentic selves. I have extensive experience helping families with young children (0-5 years) navigate difficult and traumatic experiences through my use of Child Parent Psychotherapy (CPP). I also have ample experience helping immigrants, children of immigrants, and BIPGM (Black, Indigenous, and People of the Global Majority) heal from institutional, generational, and familial trauma through my use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), internal family systems (IFS), and ketamine assisted psychotherapy (KAP).
(341) 999-2691 View (341) 999-2691
Photo of Zara Drapkin, MA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Zara Drapkin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Finding the right therapist can be daunting, and for some, it can be the most difficult step. I offer a free 15 minute phone consultation so that you can assess if we are the right fit. I work with teens and adults presenting with concerns such as depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/ loss, chronic health concerns, relationship issues, and life transitions. In our work together we will explore your strengths and root you in them. We will define your values and explore how to live your life in harmony with them. We will also create space for the areas in your life where you want change and navigate the path to get you there.
Finding the right therapist can be daunting, and for some, it can be the most difficult step. I offer a free 15 minute phone consultation so that you can assess if we are the right fit. I work with teens and adults presenting with concerns such as depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/ loss, chronic health concerns, relationship issues, and life transitions. In our work together we will explore your strengths and root you in them. We will define your values and explore how to live your life in harmony with them. We will also create space for the areas in your life where you want change and navigate the path to get you there.
(510) 422-0057 View (510) 422-0057
Photo of Tim Holtzman, LPCC, MS, Counselor
Tim Holtzman
Counselor, LPCC, MS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Have you previously undergone therapy, but didn’t achieve the results you wanted? Are you a pragmatic person who values a therapeutic approach that establishes well-defined objectives and delivers tangible outcomes? Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy is a potent form of therapy that empowers you the client to directly transform emotions and behaviors that no longer serve you. The greatest advantage of IFS therapy is its establishment of clear, measurable goals right from the start. Which allows you to observe the progress you make.
Have you previously undergone therapy, but didn’t achieve the results you wanted? Are you a pragmatic person who values a therapeutic approach that establishes well-defined objectives and delivers tangible outcomes? Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy is a potent form of therapy that empowers you the client to directly transform emotions and behaviors that no longer serve you. The greatest advantage of IFS therapy is its establishment of clear, measurable goals right from the start. Which allows you to observe the progress you make.
(510) 851-8367 View (510) 851-8367
Photo of Bryan B. Port, PsyD, Psychologist
Bryan B. Port
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709
I am a licensed psychologist providing supportive treatment for individuals and couples. I specialize with those dealing with self-criticism, loneliness, anxiety, sadness, low self-esteem, and substance abuse. Discover your potential.
I am a licensed psychologist providing supportive treatment for individuals and couples. I specialize with those dealing with self-criticism, loneliness, anxiety, sadness, low self-esteem, and substance abuse. Discover your potential.
(925) 695-7933 View (925) 695-7933
Photo of Abbie Gregor, LCSW, PPSC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Abbie Gregor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
Welcome to my practice! I work from a strengths-based approach exploring individual narratives in the context of their family cultures and community experiences. I see myself as a thought partner, a co-pilot, a cheer leader, a consultant to seek creative solutions to the challenges that bring you or your child into therapy. Therapy is a place to feel safe and heard, to feel valued and understood. For parents considering therapy for your child, I look forward to partnering with you in supporting your child to best navigate the challenges they are facing. My practice hours are Mon & Fri for both in-person and virtual appointments
Welcome to my practice! I work from a strengths-based approach exploring individual narratives in the context of their family cultures and community experiences. I see myself as a thought partner, a co-pilot, a cheer leader, a consultant to seek creative solutions to the challenges that bring you or your child into therapy. Therapy is a place to feel safe and heard, to feel valued and understood. For parents considering therapy for your child, I look forward to partnering with you in supporting your child to best navigate the challenges they are facing. My practice hours are Mon & Fri for both in-person and virtual appointments
(341) 444-3774 View (341) 444-3774
Photo of Giancarlo Scherillo, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Giancarlo Scherillo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94703
As a mindfulness and somatic based therapist, my approach is to provide a safe and supportive environment for your therapy process. I have an approach to therapy that includes both self-discovery with educational resources. I believe in supporting the internal process of the client unfolding it at their own pace. We can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your current life. By applying mindfulness techniques with somatic therapy approaches and techniques, we will examine long-standing behavior patterns or negative beliefs that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
As a mindfulness and somatic based therapist, my approach is to provide a safe and supportive environment for your therapy process. I have an approach to therapy that includes both self-discovery with educational resources. I believe in supporting the internal process of the client unfolding it at their own pace. We can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your current life. By applying mindfulness techniques with somatic therapy approaches and techniques, we will examine long-standing behavior patterns or negative beliefs that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(415) 723-4322 View (415) 723-4322
Photo of Rosemary Donalson, PsyD, Psychologist
Rosemary Donalson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Hello and welcome. Thank you for taking the time to consider working together. I am a clinical psychologist. I work with life transitions and people on a journey of self discovery and self improvement. I have specialized training to treat trauma. I have a warm and collaborative style and enjoy working with people from all walks of life.
Hello and welcome. Thank you for taking the time to consider working together. I am a clinical psychologist. I work with life transitions and people on a journey of self discovery and self improvement. I have specialized training to treat trauma. I have a warm and collaborative style and enjoy working with people from all walks of life.
(925) 633-5629 View (925) 633-5629
Photo of Norma Lee Myers, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Norma Lee Myers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94703
Not accepting new clients
There are usually two types of reasons people come into therapy. One is that find themselves making the same mistakes over and over again and they want to do something different, but are just not sure how. The other is that they have been carrying around a deep pain in their life that they want to resolve. Often these things are connected. This is why I work with you on two levels. I help you change the current unwanted behavior, while also helping you resolve issues from your past that may be effecting your reactions.
There are usually two types of reasons people come into therapy. One is that find themselves making the same mistakes over and over again and they want to do something different, but are just not sure how. The other is that they have been carrying around a deep pain in their life that they want to resolve. Often these things are connected. This is why I work with you on two levels. I help you change the current unwanted behavior, while also helping you resolve issues from your past that may be effecting your reactions.
(510) 878-4296 View (510) 878-4296
Photo of Kathleen Wonacott, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathleen Wonacott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Most of us experience anxiety at some point in our lives. It becomes a problem when we get so stuck in this feeling we have a hard time seeing things for what they really are. Maybe you are feeling anxiety physically, or you are noticing it by where your mind trails off to. On paper, you may look like you are doing well, but underneath it all, things are falling apart. With anxiety and any other emotional concern you may have, I like to look deeper at what’s going on underneath it. When we bring to the surface what is underneath the feeling, we can often feel better and can show up in a way that feels more like ourselves.
Most of us experience anxiety at some point in our lives. It becomes a problem when we get so stuck in this feeling we have a hard time seeing things for what they really are. Maybe you are feeling anxiety physically, or you are noticing it by where your mind trails off to. On paper, you may look like you are doing well, but underneath it all, things are falling apart. With anxiety and any other emotional concern you may have, I like to look deeper at what’s going on underneath it. When we bring to the surface what is underneath the feeling, we can often feel better and can show up in a way that feels more like ourselves.
(510) 519-3037 View (510) 519-3037
Photo of Cici Kinsman, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cici Kinsman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Affirming, experiential, attachment-based, mind-body psychotherapy — Feeling accompanied, supported and understood helps inspire healing. I bring experience, curiosity and an authentic presence. Together we attend to what’s challenging, while honoring the strengths and capacity to heal that you innately possess. We face your present (and past) difficulties and space opens within to listen to your body, trust yourself and claim your own emotional intelligence. Sticky and painful places can find pathways to transformation, allowing for self-compassion and vitality. I work with adult individuals, couples & other relationship systems.
Affirming, experiential, attachment-based, mind-body psychotherapy — Feeling accompanied, supported and understood helps inspire healing. I bring experience, curiosity and an authentic presence. Together we attend to what’s challenging, while honoring the strengths and capacity to heal that you innately possess. We face your present (and past) difficulties and space opens within to listen to your body, trust yourself and claim your own emotional intelligence. Sticky and painful places can find pathways to transformation, allowing for self-compassion and vitality. I work with adult individuals, couples & other relationship systems.
(510) 594-4344 View (510) 594-4344
Photo of Yagmur Akay, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Yagmur Akay
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Hello, I am a licensed psychotherapist who works with both individuals and couples. As a multilingual practitioner, I am specifically attuned to cultural delineations. I have numerous years of experience specializing in complex trauma, PTSD, anxiety disorders, relational challenges, identity and self-esteem struggles. People come to therapy with unique experiences and goals. I listen and strive to have a deep understanding of each client.
Hello, I am a licensed psychotherapist who works with both individuals and couples. As a multilingual practitioner, I am specifically attuned to cultural delineations. I have numerous years of experience specializing in complex trauma, PTSD, anxiety disorders, relational challenges, identity and self-esteem struggles. People come to therapy with unique experiences and goals. I listen and strive to have a deep understanding of each client.
(510) 826-5713 View (510) 826-5713
Photo of Letteria Fletcher, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Letteria Fletcher
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California with over 12 years of counseling and community mental health experience. I have a Masters in Counseling Psychology and a Masters in Forensic psychology from Holy Names University. I combine my clinical counseling expertise with personal knowledge to offer clients a unique perspective for problem solving. Rather than focus on deficits, I prefer to focus on the client's resources, strength, and talents.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California with over 12 years of counseling and community mental health experience. I have a Masters in Counseling Psychology and a Masters in Forensic psychology from Holy Names University. I combine my clinical counseling expertise with personal knowledge to offer clients a unique perspective for problem solving. Rather than focus on deficits, I prefer to focus on the client's resources, strength, and talents.
(510) 683-5931 View (510) 683-5931
Photo of Zoe Machado, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Zoe Machado
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
My approach aims to celebrate and encourage open exploration of the self while identifying achievable, concrete goals. The essence of my work is informed by DBT philosophies of balancing acceptance and change in order to build a life more worth living. I believe in the therapeutic relationship being the grounding force for healing and work very collaboratively with my clients to find that anchor. I have worked in a wide range of settings (community mental health, residential, private practice) and use these varying experiences to tailor treatment needs to the client.
My approach aims to celebrate and encourage open exploration of the self while identifying achievable, concrete goals. The essence of my work is informed by DBT philosophies of balancing acceptance and change in order to build a life more worth living. I believe in the therapeutic relationship being the grounding force for healing and work very collaboratively with my clients to find that anchor. I have worked in a wide range of settings (community mental health, residential, private practice) and use these varying experiences to tailor treatment needs to the client.
(650) 750-0618 View (650) 750-0618
Photo of Hannah Wedgley Nystrom, PhD, Analyst, Psychologist
Hannah Wedgley Nystrom
Psychologist, PhD, Analyst
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
Has Covid changed you? Are you looking at 2023 and wanting to make significant life changes, but aren't sure how? Perhaps it feels too big, too overwhelming, to even begin. You may find yourself frustrated with yourself, knowing you need to make changes but not sure how to start. Good therapy can be the floor under your feet to get yourself unstuck, and to begin to really understand what has been been holding you back!
Has Covid changed you? Are you looking at 2023 and wanting to make significant life changes, but aren't sure how? Perhaps it feels too big, too overwhelming, to even begin. You may find yourself frustrated with yourself, knowing you need to make changes but not sure how to start. Good therapy can be the floor under your feet to get yourself unstuck, and to begin to really understand what has been been holding you back!
(650) 209-7805 View (650) 209-7805
Photo of Judy Kendall, MA, LMFT, PPS-C, Marriage & Family Therapist
Judy Kendall
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PPS-C
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
Since 1991, I've counseled both those who have been hurting and those who have had healthy lives and wanted more; the juvenile offender and the diplomat; migrants or multi-generational Americans. Each individual was uniquely capable of compassion and love, each had his/her own times of strife, and each was capable of flourishing with warm support and a willing ear. My role is to ensure that the work done in the therapy room endures beyond our time together and fosters resilient, warm, supportive relationships indefinitely. I welcome all wanting to heal...to overcome obstacles to a rich, happy, peaceful, and love-filled life.
Since 1991, I've counseled both those who have been hurting and those who have had healthy lives and wanted more; the juvenile offender and the diplomat; migrants or multi-generational Americans. Each individual was uniquely capable of compassion and love, each had his/her own times of strife, and each was capable of flourishing with warm support and a willing ear. My role is to ensure that the work done in the therapy room endures beyond our time together and fosters resilient, warm, supportive relationships indefinitely. I welcome all wanting to heal...to overcome obstacles to a rich, happy, peaceful, and love-filled life.
(415) 630-2585 View (415) 630-2585
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$195

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
72% Grief
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

53% Aetna
43% Cigna and Evernorth
37% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
22% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.