Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Fei Yi, Psychologist, PhD, LP
Fei Yi
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Online Only
Lyra Provider for Adults with Trauma. You may look high-functioning on the outside: successful at work and responsible in relationships, but feel chronically anxious, emotionally exhausted, or disconnected inside. Many of my clients grew up in Asian or bicultural families where emotional needs were minimized, achievement was emphasized, and trauma was endured rather than named. You might struggle with complex PTSD, anxiety, depression, work stress, or a persistent sense of guilt, shame, or “something is wrong with me.” You may want therapy with empathy and insight, from someone who truly understands your cultural context.
Lyra Provider for Adults with Trauma. You may look high-functioning on the outside: successful at work and responsible in relationships, but feel chronically anxious, emotionally exhausted, or disconnected inside. Many of my clients grew up in Asian or bicultural families where emotional needs were minimized, achievement was emphasized, and trauma was endured rather than named. You might struggle with complex PTSD, anxiety, depression, work stress, or a persistent sense of guilt, shame, or “something is wrong with me.” You may want therapy with empathy and insight, from someone who truly understands your cultural context.
(415) 549-9151 View (415) 549-9151
Photo of Daniel Nathan Weiner, Psychologist, PhD
Daniel Nathan Weiner
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Daniel N. Weiner received his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the State University of New York in 1996 with fellowships at Rutgers, Brown, and Stanford Medical Schools. He served as Clinical Assistant Professor at Brown University Medical School for four years. He has been licensed as a Clinical Psychologist since 1997, and has worked in a variety of settings including an independent psychological practice, a private psychiatric hospital, and a medical practice. He is currently an Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley.
Daniel N. Weiner received his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the State University of New York in 1996 with fellowships at Rutgers, Brown, and Stanford Medical Schools. He served as Clinical Assistant Professor at Brown University Medical School for four years. He has been licensed as a Clinical Psychologist since 1997, and has worked in a variety of settings including an independent psychological practice, a private psychiatric hospital, and a medical practice. He is currently an Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley.
(510) 330-2857 View (510) 330-2857
Photo of Samantha Gennuso, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Samantha Gennuso
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
6 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
Welcome. I'm Sam, and I help people who struggle with masking, disconnection, codependency, and attachment wounds finally change how they relate to themselves and others and come out of emotional hiding. Many of my clients describe living what feels like a double life—"holding it all together" while carrying fear, shame, or worry that everything will fall apart if they stop controlling everything. If old roles or attachment wounds are keeping you stuck, I can help you take off the mask without feeling like everything will fall apart. From that place, life starts to feel more manageable, connected, and sustainable.
Welcome. I'm Sam, and I help people who struggle with masking, disconnection, codependency, and attachment wounds finally change how they relate to themselves and others and come out of emotional hiding. Many of my clients describe living what feels like a double life—"holding it all together" while carrying fear, shame, or worry that everything will fall apart if they stop controlling everything. If old roles or attachment wounds are keeping you stuck, I can help you take off the mask without feeling like everything will fall apart. From that place, life starts to feel more manageable, connected, and sustainable.
(415) 639-5024 View (415) 639-5024
Suzanne Merz-Reno
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My name is Suzanne Merz-Reno and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Oakland, CA. I completed my BA in Psychology at San Diego State and Masters in Social Work at Cal State East Bay. I offer telehealth services throughout the state of California. I work with adolescents, adults, and older adults and specifically enjoy serving LGBTQIA+ and those with chronic pain.
My name is Suzanne Merz-Reno and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Oakland, CA. I completed my BA in Psychology at San Diego State and Masters in Social Work at Cal State East Bay. I offer telehealth services throughout the state of California. I work with adolescents, adults, and older adults and specifically enjoy serving LGBTQIA+ and those with chronic pain.
(510) 892-3930 View (510) 892-3930
Photo of Dr. Maya Florsheim, Psychologist
Dr. Maya Florsheim
Psychologist
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi there, I am a licensed psychologist dedicated to helping teens, adults, and couples achieve greater fulfillment and authenticity through insight-oriented therapy. I specialize in addressing a wide range of concerns, including: anxiety, depression, body image/relationship with food, LGBTQIA+ issues, masculinity, identity development, and relationship concerns. I am a self-reflective, curious, and empathic yet direct clinician, committed to providing a supportive and honest environment where clients feel fully seen and understood.
Hi there, I am a licensed psychologist dedicated to helping teens, adults, and couples achieve greater fulfillment and authenticity through insight-oriented therapy. I specialize in addressing a wide range of concerns, including: anxiety, depression, body image/relationship with food, LGBTQIA+ issues, masculinity, identity development, and relationship concerns. I am a self-reflective, curious, and empathic yet direct clinician, committed to providing a supportive and honest environment where clients feel fully seen and understood.
(510) 369-1522 View (510) 369-1522
Photo of Gene Joseph Grossman, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, CA-MFT
Gene Joseph Grossman
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, CA-MFT
Oakland, CA 94611
Effective psychotherapy should provide an immediate benefit and relief from the first meeting forward. It is the therapist's responsibility to help you see your problems clearly. We are all subject to misperceptions and self-deception. My job is to introduce you to the self that is just outside of your awareness. Through the exploration of your attitudes, communication style, and your defenses, I will help you to significantly reduce your anxiety, anger & depression. Together we will address the issues of shame & guilt that derail your self acceptance. I will guide you to genuine change that is not just possible but attainable.
Effective psychotherapy should provide an immediate benefit and relief from the first meeting forward. It is the therapist's responsibility to help you see your problems clearly. We are all subject to misperceptions and self-deception. My job is to introduce you to the self that is just outside of your awareness. Through the exploration of your attitudes, communication style, and your defenses, I will help you to significantly reduce your anxiety, anger & depression. Together we will address the issues of shame & guilt that derail your self acceptance. I will guide you to genuine change that is not just possible but attainable.
(650) 489-7142 View (650) 489-7142
Photo of Eleanor Broh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Eleanor Broh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
So many of us have been harmed by other people, by systems of oppression, and by experiences of collective trauma. These experiences disconnect us from ourselves and from each other, so that we may blame and attack ourselves, or lash out at those around us, or feel compelled to be perfect at the cost of our wellbeing, or numb our feelings, or feel insecure and unsafe in relationships. People who work with me are curious, wanting to know more about how past experiences are showing up in their feelings, bodies, sense of self, behaviors, values, and relationships today.
So many of us have been harmed by other people, by systems of oppression, and by experiences of collective trauma. These experiences disconnect us from ourselves and from each other, so that we may blame and attack ourselves, or lash out at those around us, or feel compelled to be perfect at the cost of our wellbeing, or numb our feelings, or feel insecure and unsafe in relationships. People who work with me are curious, wanting to know more about how past experiences are showing up in their feelings, bodies, sense of self, behaviors, values, and relationships today.
(510) 945-1464 View (510) 945-1464
Photo of Makalah McElroy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Makalah McElroy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
In life we carry many things; stress, trauma, burnout, joy. Oftentimes, the highs, lows and in-betweens start to feel too heavy to manage alone or a little unbalanced. I am here to support you through these moments. I am deeply committed to offering a supportive environment where you can explore the full range of your experiences and emotions and move toward greater authenticity, fulfillment, meaning and living. I understand that there are layers of you as an individual… all of which matter. You have the capacity, self-knowledge and tools needed for growth & healing already within you, just needing support to continue to uncover.
In life we carry many things; stress, trauma, burnout, joy. Oftentimes, the highs, lows and in-betweens start to feel too heavy to manage alone or a little unbalanced. I am here to support you through these moments. I am deeply committed to offering a supportive environment where you can explore the full range of your experiences and emotions and move toward greater authenticity, fulfillment, meaning and living. I understand that there are layers of you as an individual… all of which matter. You have the capacity, self-knowledge and tools needed for growth & healing already within you, just needing support to continue to uncover.
(510) 681-0002 View (510) 681-0002
Photo of Maya Cheek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Maya Cheek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Oakland, CA 94611
My name is Maya Cheek, LCSW. I practice trauma and emotionally focused therapy to help you access healing and support you in bringing your deep inner self into alignment with your truth. I feel that it is important to look at how racial, gender & sexual identity interact with systems of oppression within the experience of trauma. Understanding your response to life experiences is an important journey that requires trust, safety, patience, and the willingness to explore parts of ourselves that have been wounded and are asking for healing.
My name is Maya Cheek, LCSW. I practice trauma and emotionally focused therapy to help you access healing and support you in bringing your deep inner self into alignment with your truth. I feel that it is important to look at how racial, gender & sexual identity interact with systems of oppression within the experience of trauma. Understanding your response to life experiences is an important journey that requires trust, safety, patience, and the willingness to explore parts of ourselves that have been wounded and are asking for healing.
(424) 404-8330 View (424) 404-8330
Photo of Emily Overstreet, Psychologist, PsyD
Emily Overstreet
Psychologist, PsyD
Oakland, CA 94618
It takes a great deal of courage to begin therapy, and thus I strive to create a space in which individuals feel truly seen, heard, and deeply understood. I believe that people are intrinsically resilient, and I will work with you to gain a deeper understanding of yourself so that you can make meaningful changes in your life. Together, we will work toward navigating difficult transitions, improving the quality of your relationships, and developing more effective coping skills. My style is warm and collaborative, and I always tailor treatment to individual needs.
It takes a great deal of courage to begin therapy, and thus I strive to create a space in which individuals feel truly seen, heard, and deeply understood. I believe that people are intrinsically resilient, and I will work with you to gain a deeper understanding of yourself so that you can make meaningful changes in your life. Together, we will work toward navigating difficult transitions, improving the quality of your relationships, and developing more effective coping skills. My style is warm and collaborative, and I always tailor treatment to individual needs.
(510) 345-5042 View (510) 345-5042
Photo of Susan Raeburn, Psychologist, PhD
Susan Raeburn
Psychologist, PhD
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Not accepting new clients
Choosing a therapist involves mind, heart and spirit as well as commitment, time and money. With over thirty-five years of experience, I know that doing the work of psychotherapy is a unique privilege, so thank you for your interest in my practice.
Choosing a therapist involves mind, heart and spirit as well as commitment, time and money. With over thirty-five years of experience, I know that doing the work of psychotherapy is a unique privilege, so thank you for your interest in my practice.
(510) 404-8802 View (510) 404-8802
Bret Fimiani
Psychologist, PsyD
Oakland, CA 94618
I am a licensed clinical psychologist working in Oakland, CA in a private practice setting. I have 20 years of clinical experience working with adults in short and long-term psychotherapy with a range of issues including depression, work related stress, anxiety, relationship issues, substance abuse/dependence issues, issues related to sexuality and sexual orientation, and emotional issues related to the challenge of adapting to chronic medical problems.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist working in Oakland, CA in a private practice setting. I have 20 years of clinical experience working with adults in short and long-term psychotherapy with a range of issues including depression, work related stress, anxiety, relationship issues, substance abuse/dependence issues, issues related to sexuality and sexual orientation, and emotional issues related to the challenge of adapting to chronic medical problems.
(510) 746-8676 View (510) 746-8676
Photo of Myra Altenau - DBT certified: Myra Altenau, PhD, Psychologist, PhD
DBT certified: Myra Altenau, PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Oakland, CA 94612
I am accepting clients for: Accelerated Resolution Therapy (A.R.T) offers several benefits, including the potential for rapid results within a few sessions, allowing clients to control how much they share about their trauma, a highly interactive approach with therapist support, and the ability to lower or stop symptoms, gain new perspectives and build confidence. Dialectical Behavior Therapy program. Combining distress tolerance practice, mindfulness skill building, emotional regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness skill building, healing the effects of trauma, depression and anxiety and replace that with well-being.
I am accepting clients for: Accelerated Resolution Therapy (A.R.T) offers several benefits, including the potential for rapid results within a few sessions, allowing clients to control how much they share about their trauma, a highly interactive approach with therapist support, and the ability to lower or stop symptoms, gain new perspectives and build confidence. Dialectical Behavior Therapy program. Combining distress tolerance practice, mindfulness skill building, emotional regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness skill building, healing the effects of trauma, depression and anxiety and replace that with well-being.
(707) 709-8039 View (707) 709-8039
Photo of Andrea Weicker, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Andrea Weicker
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Hello there. I offer specialized therapy services tailored to adults, teens, and children battling OCD and anxiety. As a therapist with expertise in treating anxiety and OCD, I understand the unique challenges you face and am committed to providing effective support. Here's what you can expect from our sessions: Compassionate Understanding: Validation in a safe, non-judgmental environment.
Hello there. I offer specialized therapy services tailored to adults, teens, and children battling OCD and anxiety. As a therapist with expertise in treating anxiety and OCD, I understand the unique challenges you face and am committed to providing effective support. Here's what you can expect from our sessions: Compassionate Understanding: Validation in a safe, non-judgmental environment.
(510) 694-1783 View (510) 694-1783
Photo of Patricia Burke, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Patricia Burke
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Online Only
In 30 years experience serving diverse population, I have developed compassioon for client issues. I invite you to bring your experiences and your pain. I work most effectively with clients open to alternative modalities, and who have a spiritual practice that opens into deeper realms. I believe the body holds secrets and trapped emotions which can cause physical pain. Body knows things conscious mind barely glimpses. Our work together will involved body, mind and soul. I can guide you into light or deep regression for insight and healing.
In 30 years experience serving diverse population, I have developed compassioon for client issues. I invite you to bring your experiences and your pain. I work most effectively with clients open to alternative modalities, and who have a spiritual practice that opens into deeper realms. I believe the body holds secrets and trapped emotions which can cause physical pain. Body knows things conscious mind barely glimpses. Our work together will involved body, mind and soul. I can guide you into light or deep regression for insight and healing.
(510) 876-4241 View (510) 876-4241
Photo of Diana Justl - Trauma, Psychedelic Integration,Ketamine, Somatics, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT , CHP, EMDR
Trauma, Psychedelic Integration,Ketamine, Somatics
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT , CHP, EMDR
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Have you tried everything but are still struggling? Experiential approaches can be more effective than talk alone. Mindfulness-based therapy offers solutions while navigating depression, anxiety, stress, transitions, and challenges with authentic self-expression. I offer a grounded, compassionate and directive presence in a trusted therapeutic relationship where clients can effectively explore their inner wisdom. Drawing on 10 years of post graduate training in Hakomi somatic therapy and Family Constellations, I help clients uncover the roots causes while staying attuned to present-moment experience where change can occur.
Have you tried everything but are still struggling? Experiential approaches can be more effective than talk alone. Mindfulness-based therapy offers solutions while navigating depression, anxiety, stress, transitions, and challenges with authentic self-expression. I offer a grounded, compassionate and directive presence in a trusted therapeutic relationship where clients can effectively explore their inner wisdom. Drawing on 10 years of post graduate training in Hakomi somatic therapy and Family Constellations, I help clients uncover the roots causes while staying attuned to present-moment experience where change can occur.
(415) 236-9025 View (415) 236-9025
Photo of Stephanie McWoods, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Stephanie McWoods
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you ever feel like you’re moving so fast that you’ve lost touch with yourself? Many of my clients come to me during seasons of transition—grieving a loss, shifting careers, navigating relationships, or realizing the life they’ve built no longer feels like home. Together we slow down, listen inward, and begin to imagine something different: a life that feels more easeful, authentic, and aligned. My work blends deep healing with forward movement, helping you release old narratives, reconnect with your body’s wisdom, and practice new ways of living that honor who you are becoming.
Do you ever feel like you’re moving so fast that you’ve lost touch with yourself? Many of my clients come to me during seasons of transition—grieving a loss, shifting careers, navigating relationships, or realizing the life they’ve built no longer feels like home. Together we slow down, listen inward, and begin to imagine something different: a life that feels more easeful, authentic, and aligned. My work blends deep healing with forward movement, helping you release old narratives, reconnect with your body’s wisdom, and practice new ways of living that honor who you are becoming.
(510) 491-0339 View (510) 491-0339
Photo of Benjamin David Steinman, Psychologist, PsyD
Benjamin David Steinman
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
I specialize in helping people with depression, anxiety, and past trauma. There are many people that try to sell a cure all or a quick fix for mental health and happiness. As a therapist, it's my mission to avoid gimmicks and rely on proven and well established methods for change. True self-care is not simply salt baths and distractions, but building a life that you don't regularly need to escape from in the first place. I enjoy working with people who want to get closer to the truth of who they are, wish to learn how to set boundaries with ongoing worry, reflect on relationships, and who crave authentic and meaningful change.
I specialize in helping people with depression, anxiety, and past trauma. There are many people that try to sell a cure all or a quick fix for mental health and happiness. As a therapist, it's my mission to avoid gimmicks and rely on proven and well established methods for change. True self-care is not simply salt baths and distractions, but building a life that you don't regularly need to escape from in the first place. I enjoy working with people who want to get closer to the truth of who they are, wish to learn how to set boundaries with ongoing worry, reflect on relationships, and who crave authentic and meaningful change.
(415) 449-7145 View (415) 449-7145
Photo of Irma Y Romero, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Irma Y Romero
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Oakland, CA 94612
I am passionate and committed to working with clients interested in changing their life circumstances. I possess an expertise in the fields of Domestic Violence and Child Welfare. But, also specialize in working with individuals experiencing Anxiety, Depression, Gambling Problems, and or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. I believe it is my purpose to support you in a non-judgemental manner as you undergo a metamorphic shift and make sense of your life. As both a native English and Spanish speaker, I am able to comfortably communicate with individuals who may otherwise be bound by language or cultural barriers.
I am passionate and committed to working with clients interested in changing their life circumstances. I possess an expertise in the fields of Domestic Violence and Child Welfare. But, also specialize in working with individuals experiencing Anxiety, Depression, Gambling Problems, and or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. I believe it is my purpose to support you in a non-judgemental manner as you undergo a metamorphic shift and make sense of your life. As both a native English and Spanish speaker, I am able to comfortably communicate with individuals who may otherwise be bound by language or cultural barriers.
(510) 592-5320 View (510) 592-5320
Photo of Amy Kelly - Licensed Therapist & Founder Revive Health Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Licensed Therapist & Founder Revive Health Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Oakland, CA 94611
You have built a successful life, but inside you feel exhausted, disconnected, and quietly empty. Your marriage feels strained or distant, parenting feels heavy with guilt and pressure, or you are navigating divorce and questioning everything you thought was stable. You function well on the outside while feeling anxious, lonely, or spiritually disconnected on the inside. You want peace, clarity, and deeper connection. You want to stop white-knuckling through life and begin living with intention, meaning, and emotional honesty.
You have built a successful life, but inside you feel exhausted, disconnected, and quietly empty. Your marriage feels strained or distant, parenting feels heavy with guilt and pressure, or you are navigating divorce and questioning everything you thought was stable. You function well on the outside while feeling anxious, lonely, or spiritually disconnected on the inside. You want peace, clarity, and deeper connection. You want to stop white-knuckling through life and begin living with intention, meaning, and emotional honesty.
(415) 524-0645 View (415) 524-0645

See more therapy options for Oakland

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$193

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
67% Grief
62% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
58% Cigna and Evernorth
50% Anthem

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
21% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.