Therapists in Pennsylvania

View cities and counties in Pennsylvania
Photo of Ryan O'Laughlin, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ryan O'Laughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19145
Waitlist for new clients
I help those who are feeling stuck, trapped, confused & need help making sense of everything that is going on so that they can put it into words and grow. My therapy is a safe space for those who need support. My practice is trauma informed and non judgemental. My practice is also anti racist, sex positive, LGBTQIA+ competent, and gender affirming. I work with artists, college students, mothers, sex workers, nuerodivergent idividuals, queer and trans community, & people who struggle with anxiety & trauma. I also offer gender affirming surgery letters.
I help those who are feeling stuck, trapped, confused & need help making sense of everything that is going on so that they can put it into words and grow. My therapy is a safe space for those who need support. My practice is trauma informed and non judgemental. My practice is also anti racist, sex positive, LGBTQIA+ competent, and gender affirming. I work with artists, college students, mothers, sex workers, nuerodivergent idividuals, queer and trans community, & people who struggle with anxiety & trauma. I also offer gender affirming surgery letters.
(215) 586-4289 View (215) 586-4289
Photo of Robin Axelrod Sabag, LCSW, MFT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robin Axelrod Sabag
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
As a therapist, I value and create a safe, warm, non-judgmental, and empathetic environment for individuals, couples, and families to explore underlying issues. I realize that coming to see a therapist and opening up is an act of trust and not always easy. In your work with me, I hope you will feel accepted and understood and experience our work as an ongoing process that we co-create. If we work together, you can expect to gain a better understanding of yourself and of meaningful people in your life. My areas of expertise include: eating disorders, relationship issues, anxiety, depression, moodiness, trauma, and addiction.
As a therapist, I value and create a safe, warm, non-judgmental, and empathetic environment for individuals, couples, and families to explore underlying issues. I realize that coming to see a therapist and opening up is an act of trust and not always easy. In your work with me, I hope you will feel accepted and understood and experience our work as an ongoing process that we co-create. If we work together, you can expect to gain a better understanding of yourself and of meaningful people in your life. My areas of expertise include: eating disorders, relationship issues, anxiety, depression, moodiness, trauma, and addiction.
(215) 995-1199 View (215) 995-1199
Photo of Jennifer Constanos - Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15239
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(412) 838-4560 x1 View (412) 838-4560 x1
Photo of Marisa Blashford, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marisa Blashford
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC
Verified Verified
Monroeville, PA 15146
As a pre-licensed professional I am up-to-date on therapeutic approaches and work collaboratively to support you! My ideal client is working with individuals who are looking to address concerns of anxiety, stress management, or life style changes. Looking to make changes to behaviors to improve their overall quality of life. Looking for a space to process life challenges and address them in a non-judgmental, safe environment.
As a pre-licensed professional I am up-to-date on therapeutic approaches and work collaboratively to support you! My ideal client is working with individuals who are looking to address concerns of anxiety, stress management, or life style changes. Looking to make changes to behaviors to improve their overall quality of life. Looking for a space to process life challenges and address them in a non-judgmental, safe environment.
(412) 561-9883 View (412) 561-9883
Photo of Ryan McMillian, MDiv, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ryan McMillian
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, LMFT
Verified Verified
King Of Prussia, PA 19406  (Online Only)
One minute you’re discussing home upgrades, and the next, you’re shouting about feeling alone and unimportant. The bickering now happens in front of your kids. Asking for the same basic needs has worn you out. You express needs that have become a list of letdowns. When you try and talk with your partner, he either shuts down or explodes. Your partner feels like he can’t do anything right. Rather than talk about your feelings, the focus shifts to how unappreciated your partner feels. There is no resolution in sight. After hours of silent treatment, one of your finally breaks the ice. This pattern is draining your relationship.
One minute you’re discussing home upgrades, and the next, you’re shouting about feeling alone and unimportant. The bickering now happens in front of your kids. Asking for the same basic needs has worn you out. You express needs that have become a list of letdowns. When you try and talk with your partner, he either shuts down or explodes. Your partner feels like he can’t do anything right. Rather than talk about your feelings, the focus shifts to how unappreciated your partner feels. There is no resolution in sight. After hours of silent treatment, one of your finally breaks the ice. This pattern is draining your relationship.
(215) 653-8853 View (215) 653-8853
Photo of Kate Haugh, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kate Haugh
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Hope, PA 18938
No matter your life experiences or journey, you are a human being worthy of being seen and supported - a human being who is not their symptoms or their struggles. Therapy will be a safe, empowering space for you to understand yourself and your story, to acquire skills to cope with adversity and build resilience, and to foster your health, well-being, and self-compassion. Together, we will determine a life direction that makes sense for you - that will enable you to be exactly who you are without hesitation and to envision, create, and step into a life that reflects your needs, values, and goals.
No matter your life experiences or journey, you are a human being worthy of being seen and supported - a human being who is not their symptoms or their struggles. Therapy will be a safe, empowering space for you to understand yourself and your story, to acquire skills to cope with adversity and build resilience, and to foster your health, well-being, and self-compassion. Together, we will determine a life direction that makes sense for you - that will enable you to be exactly who you are without hesitation and to envision, create, and step into a life that reflects your needs, values, and goals.
(215) 798-3920 View (215) 798-3920
Photo of Dana L. Kirkpatrick, LPC, CST, CSTS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dana L. Kirkpatrick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CST, CSTS
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15201
Not accepting new clients
******Hello, I am currently not taking any new clients at this time.*******Create the life you want -- let me be your ally. I aim to encourage anyone seeking mental health support to consider therapy. Those looking to make positive changes or better manage life's complexities will benefit from introspection and insight through therapeutic guidance. My clients tend to be busy professionals, often navigating both internal and/or external challenges. I aim to offer goal-oriented, open minded mental health support for those dealing with complex issues and stresses of all kinds.
******Hello, I am currently not taking any new clients at this time.*******Create the life you want -- let me be your ally. I aim to encourage anyone seeking mental health support to consider therapy. Those looking to make positive changes or better manage life's complexities will benefit from introspection and insight through therapeutic guidance. My clients tend to be busy professionals, often navigating both internal and/or external challenges. I aim to offer goal-oriented, open minded mental health support for those dealing with complex issues and stresses of all kinds.
(412) 857-3717 View (412) 857-3717
Photo of Susan R Hansen - Susan R. Hansen LCSW, LCSW, BCD, TEAM L3, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan R. Hansen LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, TEAM L3
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Perkasie, PA 18944
Have you ever wondered; "Are the problems in my life because of the people around me, or is there something wrong with me?" Susan uses "TEAM Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" which is sweeping the world! TEAM does not focus on pathology, it's effort is to teach Mental Health, and how to stabilize your mood to produce confidence and joy! I ask my client's to practice new ways of thinking every week to keep therapeutic momentum and energy high. My current training with the FeelingGoodInstitute.com "TEAM Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" has energized my work and led to faster results and higher levels of client satisfaction.
Have you ever wondered; "Are the problems in my life because of the people around me, or is there something wrong with me?" Susan uses "TEAM Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" which is sweeping the world! TEAM does not focus on pathology, it's effort is to teach Mental Health, and how to stabilize your mood to produce confidence and joy! I ask my client's to practice new ways of thinking every week to keep therapeutic momentum and energy high. My current training with the FeelingGoodInstitute.com "TEAM Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" has energized my work and led to faster results and higher levels of client satisfaction.
(215) 995-0026 View (215) 995-0026
Photo of Julie Anne Pastorius, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie Anne Pastorius
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15234
I believe in client focused therapy. If you come to therapy and talk while I just listen, you may feel better only for a few days. But if you come to therapy and talk, while I offer feedback, tools, insight, and homework, you will feel better overall and for longer. I enjoy giving tools and handouts to strengthen your progress in between sessions
I believe in client focused therapy. If you come to therapy and talk while I just listen, you may feel better only for a few days. But if you come to therapy and talk, while I offer feedback, tools, insight, and homework, you will feel better overall and for longer. I enjoy giving tools and handouts to strengthen your progress in between sessions
(412) 520-3695 View (412) 520-3695
Photo of Shawn Anthony Beard - New U by Design, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
New U by Design
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
When our quality of life suffers, we suffer. We can feel pushed, pulled, stretched, judged, or used by people. We look away from that emotional pain and cope. We lose ourselves and our dreams. If this is you, therapy can help. We live by rules. Not all serve us well. Most likely there are patterns you are repeating. Even if people cause you stress, there's a reason you keep them in your life. There are ways you relate to them that you can change. In turn, perhaps they will treat you differently. You can feel better. I can help.
When our quality of life suffers, we suffer. We can feel pushed, pulled, stretched, judged, or used by people. We look away from that emotional pain and cope. We lose ourselves and our dreams. If this is you, therapy can help. We live by rules. Not all serve us well. Most likely there are patterns you are repeating. Even if people cause you stress, there's a reason you keep them in your life. There are ways you relate to them that you can change. In turn, perhaps they will treat you differently. You can feel better. I can help.
(855) 234-0626 View (855) 234-0626
Photo of Maddie Budreau, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maddie Budreau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19106
I hope to collaboratively explore the layers of your inner world by building a safe-enough space through our relationship. Therapy can be (and is almost always) a painful and vulnerable experience, yet also immensely rewarding. My therapy process seeks to identify how all internal and external forces throughout our life shape who we are and how we navigate the world today, to enact change. Non-judgmental curiosity and compassion are essential in this process. I primarily practice from a trauma-informed, relational psychodynamic lens, but often integrate components of CBT, humanism, somatic awareness, and family systems theory.
I hope to collaboratively explore the layers of your inner world by building a safe-enough space through our relationship. Therapy can be (and is almost always) a painful and vulnerable experience, yet also immensely rewarding. My therapy process seeks to identify how all internal and external forces throughout our life shape who we are and how we navigate the world today, to enact change. Non-judgmental curiosity and compassion are essential in this process. I primarily practice from a trauma-informed, relational psychodynamic lens, but often integrate components of CBT, humanism, somatic awareness, and family systems theory.
(267) 692-8265 View (267) 692-8265
Photo of Jeremy Atkins, PsyD, Psychologist
Jeremy Atkins
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Phoenixville, PA 19460
Since starting in the field about 20 years ago, I have had the privilege of working therapeutically with diverse populations in various clinics, hospitals, and schools. Over the past several years I have focused on treating clinical and forensic clients through my private practice. I am currently accepting new clients to be seen either virtually or in person at my office in Phoenixville, PA.
Since starting in the field about 20 years ago, I have had the privilege of working therapeutically with diverse populations in various clinics, hospitals, and schools. Over the past several years I have focused on treating clinical and forensic clients through my private practice. I am currently accepting new clients to be seen either virtually or in person at my office in Phoenixville, PA.
(610) 697-9818 View (610) 697-9818
Photo of Kiva Fisher-Green - Sanant Counseling & Wellness, LLC, LCSW, LPC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sanant Counseling & Wellness, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monroeville, PA 15146
Sanant Counseling & Wellness, LLC is a Black owned, women-led private mental health practice. The owners have 36 years combined community mental health and support services experience. Sanant Counseling & Wellness LLC is a premier culturally humble, client-focused, evidenced-informed, and data-driven private practice that provides affordable counseling, holistic care and supportive services to remove barriers to accessing health and wellness care.
Sanant Counseling & Wellness, LLC is a Black owned, women-led private mental health practice. The owners have 36 years combined community mental health and support services experience. Sanant Counseling & Wellness LLC is a premier culturally humble, client-focused, evidenced-informed, and data-driven private practice that provides affordable counseling, holistic care and supportive services to remove barriers to accessing health and wellness care.
(412) 214-7120 View (412) 214-7120
Photo of Hannah Badawy, LPCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hannah Badawy
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147
I support clients who aim to live a meaningful life by weaving together psychotherapy, mindfulness, and spirituality. Various modalities are applied to explore the clients desires, including somatic (body-centered) psychotherapy (hakomi), parts work (IFS), trauma informed somatics, and relational somatic healing.
I support clients who aim to live a meaningful life by weaving together psychotherapy, mindfulness, and spirituality. Various modalities are applied to explore the clients desires, including somatic (body-centered) psychotherapy (hakomi), parts work (IFS), trauma informed somatics, and relational somatic healing.
(610) 831-4632 View (610) 831-4632
Photo of Jessica Peluso, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Peluso
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Wexford, PA 15090
Therapy is something that we can all benefit from at some point in our lives, yet the prospect of it can be overwhelming. I strive to provide a therapeutic environment that is non-judgmental, safe, supportive, and healing. I am person-centered, which means that you will drive the goals of treatment and we will work together to help you reach those goals. Whether your concerns are related to anxiety, depression, grief/loss, family or other life stressors, I welcome the opportunity to help you navigate them and take the steps to bring about change.
Therapy is something that we can all benefit from at some point in our lives, yet the prospect of it can be overwhelming. I strive to provide a therapeutic environment that is non-judgmental, safe, supportive, and healing. I am person-centered, which means that you will drive the goals of treatment and we will work together to help you reach those goals. Whether your concerns are related to anxiety, depression, grief/loss, family or other life stressors, I welcome the opportunity to help you navigate them and take the steps to bring about change.
(878) 313-2323 View (878) 313-2323
Photo of Rhondene Miller, PsyD, BCB, Psychologist
Rhondene Miller
Psychologist, PsyD, BCB
Verified Verified
Media, PA 19063
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling stuck? Or perhaps you are struggling with difficult emotions, distressing thoughts, or a sense of disconnection from yourself and/or others. Are coping skills that worked in the past failing to make a difference or are now part of the problem? I believe that therapy can provide a unique space to work through difficult life experiences. My goal is to provide you with a safe, supportive, collaborative space that fosters long-term change by helping you understand the underlying thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that get you off track.
Are you feeling stuck? Or perhaps you are struggling with difficult emotions, distressing thoughts, or a sense of disconnection from yourself and/or others. Are coping skills that worked in the past failing to make a difference or are now part of the problem? I believe that therapy can provide a unique space to work through difficult life experiences. My goal is to provide you with a safe, supportive, collaborative space that fosters long-term change by helping you understand the underlying thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that get you off track.
(484) 443-2709 View (484) 443-2709
Photo of Matt Kramer - Tangents Therapy, Matt Kramer, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tangents Therapy, Matt Kramer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
York, PA 17403
Congratulations! You've taken this first, courageous step toward creating a new direction for your life. No doubt you may be feeling a bit anxious about attending therapy if this is a new experience for you. That's perfectly understandable. I want to assure you that you'll be treated with empathy, kindness and respect no matter what issues you may be facing. I am experienced and committed to assisting individuals, couples and families with issues such as anxiety, depression, marital conflict, infidelity, sexual dysfunction, addiction, trauma, abuse, and behavior issues and would welcome the opportunity to collaborate with you.
Congratulations! You've taken this first, courageous step toward creating a new direction for your life. No doubt you may be feeling a bit anxious about attending therapy if this is a new experience for you. That's perfectly understandable. I want to assure you that you'll be treated with empathy, kindness and respect no matter what issues you may be facing. I am experienced and committed to assisting individuals, couples and families with issues such as anxiety, depression, marital conflict, infidelity, sexual dysfunction, addiction, trauma, abuse, and behavior issues and would welcome the opportunity to collaborate with you.
(717) 527-7626 View (717) 527-7626
Photo of Melanie Eddy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melanie Eddy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Media, PA 19063
Are you experiencing anxiety and overwhelm? Are you experiencing a life transition, grief and loss, surviving the narcissist or navigating past trauma experiences for the first time? With over 20 years of experience as a trauma therapist, I will assist you in calming and managing anxious parts so that the calm, confident, courageous self-leader of your life can emerge. Together, we will focus on what is missing in your life as opposed to focusing on what is wrong with your life. Clarity and healing is possible when we give ourselves a safe space to process.
Are you experiencing anxiety and overwhelm? Are you experiencing a life transition, grief and loss, surviving the narcissist or navigating past trauma experiences for the first time? With over 20 years of experience as a trauma therapist, I will assist you in calming and managing anxious parts so that the calm, confident, courageous self-leader of your life can emerge. Together, we will focus on what is missing in your life as opposed to focusing on what is wrong with your life. Clarity and healing is possible when we give ourselves a safe space to process.
(484) 258-2026 View (484) 258-2026
Photo of Roger Sealy, PsyD, Psychologist
Roger Sealy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Media, PA 19063
What's important to me is working with others to find meaning in life, to help bring about a greater happiness that's shared. I believe it's possible to do this is we are able to understand ourselves better - we can then understand others and our connections become deeper and more alive.
What's important to me is working with others to find meaning in life, to help bring about a greater happiness that's shared. I believe it's possible to do this is we are able to understand ourselves better - we can then understand others and our connections become deeper and more alive.
(610) 915-8777 View (610) 915-8777
Photo of Dr. Kris Halsey, PhD , MDiv, LMFPT, Pastoral Counselor
Dr. Kris Halsey
Pastoral Counselor, PhD , MDiv, LMFPT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19135  (Online Only)
As a Board Certified Pastoral Counselor and a Licensed Marriage & Family Pastoral Therapist with over two decades of ministry and professional experience I offer Grief/Bereavement Support, Christian Life Coaching Solutions and Pre-marital & Marriage Support Sessions. I’m here to help you! To schedule a session click on the Website Link.
As a Board Certified Pastoral Counselor and a Licensed Marriage & Family Pastoral Therapist with over two decades of ministry and professional experience I offer Grief/Bereavement Support, Christian Life Coaching Solutions and Pre-marital & Marriage Support Sessions. I’m here to help you! To schedule a session click on the Website Link.
(267) 452-2051 x5 View (267) 452-2051 x5
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See more therapy options for Pennsylvania

How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Pennsylvania who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
67% Highmark
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pennsylvania see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pennsylvania?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.