Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of E Gueron, LCSW, CCC-SLP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
E Gueron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCC-SLP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is E and I am a licensed clinical social worker in New York and Massachusetts. I have worked with a multitude of clients presenting with depression, anxiety, complex trauma, challenges with various life transitions, relationship issues, family issues, & issues related to gender identity and/or sexual orientation. I am passionate about helping people reach their goals and fullest potential, engage in relationships that feel fulfilling and healthy to them, have a deeper understanding of themselves, and to create a life that feels meaningful to them.
Hi! My name is E and I am a licensed clinical social worker in New York and Massachusetts. I have worked with a multitude of clients presenting with depression, anxiety, complex trauma, challenges with various life transitions, relationship issues, family issues, & issues related to gender identity and/or sexual orientation. I am passionate about helping people reach their goals and fullest potential, engage in relationships that feel fulfilling and healthy to them, have a deeper understanding of themselves, and to create a life that feels meaningful to them.
(332) 455-1969 View (332) 455-1969
Photo of Anna M De La Rosa, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anna M De La Rosa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10019  (Online Only)
As humans, we never stop confronting the adversities of life. Although we cannot control the ups of downs of everyday life, we can learn how to respond to and manage stress and tragedy differently than how we have done so throughout our lives in order to survive or tolerate the unbearable. Having a safe and supportive place to address past learned behaviors and coping strategies is crucial for self-healing and growth. As a nonjudgmental and empathetic therapist, I work with clients' strengths which often leaves clients feeling more empowered and with a new sense of self.
As humans, we never stop confronting the adversities of life. Although we cannot control the ups of downs of everyday life, we can learn how to respond to and manage stress and tragedy differently than how we have done so throughout our lives in order to survive or tolerate the unbearable. Having a safe and supportive place to address past learned behaviors and coping strategies is crucial for self-healing and growth. As a nonjudgmental and empathetic therapist, I work with clients' strengths which often leaves clients feeling more empowered and with a new sense of self.
(646) 859-1082 View (646) 859-1082
Photo of Amy Kurzer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Kurzer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
Have you been feeling anxious or depressed? Lacking motivation to take the steps to feel better? Having difficulty handling relationships with family members? Feeling stuck or unfulfilled in your relationships or in your career? Finding a therapist you can trust to sort out these feelings can be a difficult and overwhelming step. But please know that help is available. I help people who feel anxious, sad, and those facing challenges in their personal relationships and careers. My style is empathic and engaged. I create a safe place in which we can work together to bring about lasting joy and transformation in your life!
Have you been feeling anxious or depressed? Lacking motivation to take the steps to feel better? Having difficulty handling relationships with family members? Feeling stuck or unfulfilled in your relationships or in your career? Finding a therapist you can trust to sort out these feelings can be a difficult and overwhelming step. But please know that help is available. I help people who feel anxious, sad, and those facing challenges in their personal relationships and careers. My style is empathic and engaged. I create a safe place in which we can work together to bring about lasting joy and transformation in your life!
(646) 681-2399 View (646) 681-2399
Photo of Michael Burke, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Burke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
Whether you’d like to focus on unresolved parts of your past, current struggles you are grappling with right now, concerns about your future or all of the above, I am here to help. You can count on a warm, open, confidential and non-judgmental place to talk about whatever it is that’s on your mind. For over 20 years, I have successfully helped both individuals and couples on a wide range of issues: anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship difficulties, life transitions, loss, grief, sexuality, chronic illness/pain, existential dilemmas and many other emotional challenges. I also supervise other mental health professionals.
Whether you’d like to focus on unresolved parts of your past, current struggles you are grappling with right now, concerns about your future or all of the above, I am here to help. You can count on a warm, open, confidential and non-judgmental place to talk about whatever it is that’s on your mind. For over 20 years, I have successfully helped both individuals and couples on a wide range of issues: anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship difficulties, life transitions, loss, grief, sexuality, chronic illness/pain, existential dilemmas and many other emotional challenges. I also supervise other mental health professionals.
(332) 263-3907 View (332) 263-3907
Photo of Trish Levine Lcsw Brainspotting And Talk Psychotherapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Trish Levine Lcsw Brainspotting And Talk Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
If you feel overwhelmed and stuck, I am here for you. I am changing the traditional model of therapy and shifting it to meet your needs with Intensive sessions. 3-hour to half day meetings designed to fit into your life and step up the healing process. This is for you if you have been trying to fit weekly sessions into your schedule but find it impossible. Or maybe you need the help RIGHT now and don't want to spend months waiting. Or you have been in talk therapy and have not seen the change you yearn for. I can provide unhurried time to process trauma, PTSD, grief and anxiety and set your life in forward motion.
If you feel overwhelmed and stuck, I am here for you. I am changing the traditional model of therapy and shifting it to meet your needs with Intensive sessions. 3-hour to half day meetings designed to fit into your life and step up the healing process. This is for you if you have been trying to fit weekly sessions into your schedule but find it impossible. Or maybe you need the help RIGHT now and don't want to spend months waiting. Or you have been in talk therapy and have not seen the change you yearn for. I can provide unhurried time to process trauma, PTSD, grief and anxiety and set your life in forward motion.
(646) 466-5842 View (646) 466-5842
Photo of Richard A. Unite, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Richard A. Unite
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10013  (Online Only)
As someone who identifies within both the LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC communities, I intimately understand the challenges we face when trying to find sufficient mental health support. In my approach, I invest in establishing a trusting therapeutic environment where clients feel affirmed, valued, and empowered. My therapy practice also borrows from multiple modalities in order to find the best approach for each client/couple/polycule.
As someone who identifies within both the LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC communities, I intimately understand the challenges we face when trying to find sufficient mental health support. In my approach, I invest in establishing a trusting therapeutic environment where clients feel affirmed, valued, and empowered. My therapy practice also borrows from multiple modalities in order to find the best approach for each client/couple/polycule.
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Photo of Sophia Witheiler, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sophia Witheiler
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10014
I am committed to developing authentic relationships and working together to achieve your goals. I am highly collaborative and use integrative, evidence based strategies to meet your needs. By co-creating a warm, safe environment, you will begin the process of healing and developing a deeper sense of self. I am positive by nature and will demonstrate support & compassion throughout your process, pushing you towards progress and the best version of you.
I am committed to developing authentic relationships and working together to achieve your goals. I am highly collaborative and use integrative, evidence based strategies to meet your needs. By co-creating a warm, safe environment, you will begin the process of healing and developing a deeper sense of self. I am positive by nature and will demonstrate support & compassion throughout your process, pushing you towards progress and the best version of you.
(718) 395-2837 View (718) 395-2837
Photo of Ben Wild, ACCEP, EdM
Ben Wild
ACCEP, EdM
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
We all find ourselves ‘stuck’ in certain moments of life. The right support at the right time is key to getting unstuck and living a joyful and fulfilled life. I offer compassionate support to help you navigate life’s challenges and unlock your potential. You may be experiencing issues such as anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or a general feeling of being overwhelmed and unfulfilled. These are all things we can work on together. I’m here to help you embark on a journey of self-discovery and personal transformation.
We all find ourselves ‘stuck’ in certain moments of life. The right support at the right time is key to getting unstuck and living a joyful and fulfilled life. I offer compassionate support to help you navigate life’s challenges and unlock your potential. You may be experiencing issues such as anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or a general feeling of being overwhelmed and unfulfilled. These are all things we can work on together. I’m here to help you embark on a journey of self-discovery and personal transformation.
(646) 941-7660 View (646) 941-7660
Photo of Dana Tuqan, MA, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Dana Tuqan
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10012
Welcome, and congratulations on taking this courageous step towards connecting with a therapist. In my practice, I offer individual and couples counseling. My approach is empathic, respectful, honest, and collaborative. Together, we will pay attention to past experiences, including family dynamics, as well as work on practical, realistic approaches to dealing with today. I have found that people are more resilient than they think. I work to help you harness that strength and regain hope.
Welcome, and congratulations on taking this courageous step towards connecting with a therapist. In my practice, I offer individual and couples counseling. My approach is empathic, respectful, honest, and collaborative. Together, we will pay attention to past experiences, including family dynamics, as well as work on practical, realistic approaches to dealing with today. I have found that people are more resilient than they think. I work to help you harness that strength and regain hope.
(646) 791-3615 View (646) 791-3615
Photo of Melissa Cruz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Cruz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10027  (Online Only)
Many of my clients struggle in relationships with themselves, family, partners, events from their past, or with certain habits. I often find that at the core of these struggles is the basic need to be understood and accepted. My approach to therapy is collaborative and you-centered; I strive to create a space that invites exploration and curiosity, rather than criticism and shame. With therapy, you'll begin to see yourself and others with less negative, isolating emotions, and in a more balanced and compassionate light.
Many of my clients struggle in relationships with themselves, family, partners, events from their past, or with certain habits. I often find that at the core of these struggles is the basic need to be understood and accepted. My approach to therapy is collaborative and you-centered; I strive to create a space that invites exploration and curiosity, rather than criticism and shame. With therapy, you'll begin to see yourself and others with less negative, isolating emotions, and in a more balanced and compassionate light.
(718) 550-3027 View (718) 550-3027
Photo of Katy Boland, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katy Boland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
My guiding therapeutic belief is that each person is unconditionally valid and worthy of positive regard, no matter what you may be going through. I cultivate an environment where you can show up fully, exactly as you are. From that solid foundation, we can work on untangling distressing symptoms, entrenched patterns, or negative beliefs that may no longer be serving you. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety, depression, gender and sexual identity, trauma history, disordered eating, ADHD, and relationship issues.
My guiding therapeutic belief is that each person is unconditionally valid and worthy of positive regard, no matter what you may be going through. I cultivate an environment where you can show up fully, exactly as you are. From that solid foundation, we can work on untangling distressing symptoms, entrenched patterns, or negative beliefs that may no longer be serving you. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety, depression, gender and sexual identity, trauma history, disordered eating, ADHD, and relationship issues.
(332) 239-1494 View (332) 239-1494
Photo of Kerin Nadler - Kerin Nadler Therapy, MS, LCAT, BC-DMT, CGP, Art Therapist
Kerin Nadler Therapy
Art Therapist, MS, LCAT, BC-DMT, CGP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
Kerin Nadler is a Psychoanalyst, Group Psychotherapist and Creative Arts Therapist. Kerin provides individual and group psychotherapy for people struggling with depression, psychosis, mood disorders, PTSD, personality disorders, anxiety and relationship issues. She received an MS from Pratt Institute. In addition to her private practice, Kerin is an individual and group therapist at Mt. Sinai Hospital and the Institute for Contemporary Psychotherapy. Kerin has been a guest lecturer at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine and Albert Einstein College of Medicine. She has also presented at local and national group psychotherapy conferences.
Kerin Nadler is a Psychoanalyst, Group Psychotherapist and Creative Arts Therapist. Kerin provides individual and group psychotherapy for people struggling with depression, psychosis, mood disorders, PTSD, personality disorders, anxiety and relationship issues. She received an MS from Pratt Institute. In addition to her private practice, Kerin is an individual and group therapist at Mt. Sinai Hospital and the Institute for Contemporary Psychotherapy. Kerin has been a guest lecturer at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine and Albert Einstein College of Medicine. She has also presented at local and national group psychotherapy conferences.
(917) 563-4932 View (917) 563-4932
Photo of Zainab Ghadban, LMSW
Zainab Ghadban
Master Social Work, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Zainab’s approach is person-centered and strengths-based, influenced by empathy, empowerment, and collaboration. Zainab aspires to supersede barriers that limit individual growth and progression. She is motivated to support each individual as they build on their strengths, enhance necessary skills, and foster resilience to promote growth and success.
Zainab’s approach is person-centered and strengths-based, influenced by empathy, empowerment, and collaboration. Zainab aspires to supersede barriers that limit individual growth and progression. She is motivated to support each individual as they build on their strengths, enhance necessary skills, and foster resilience to promote growth and success.
(929) 556-4407 View (929) 556-4407
Photo of Nicole Reynoso, MSEd, LMHC
Nicole Reynoso
MSEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
I have experience providing bilingual services (English/Spanish) to children, teens and adults managing depression, anxiety, mood disorders, grief, life transitions, and interpersonal relationships. I understand how difficult it can be to manage multiple stressors while also exploring your identity in this ever changing world. I utilize an trauma-informed eclectic approach often tapping into CBT, DBT, ACT, mindfulness, play therapy, somatic healing and other modalities as needed.
I have experience providing bilingual services (English/Spanish) to children, teens and adults managing depression, anxiety, mood disorders, grief, life transitions, and interpersonal relationships. I understand how difficult it can be to manage multiple stressors while also exploring your identity in this ever changing world. I utilize an trauma-informed eclectic approach often tapping into CBT, DBT, ACT, mindfulness, play therapy, somatic healing and other modalities as needed.
(929) 357-2085 View (929) 357-2085
Photo of Lydia Valentin-Lane, LMSW
Lydia Valentin-Lane
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10128  (Online Only)
I specialize in addressing low self-esteem and negative body image. Throughout the course of treatment, we will work together to identify the contributing factors and take the steps to overcome it. I seek to provide support for clients who struggle with managing stress, anxiety, and depression. Life transitions can be difficult, and my job is to provide guidance in identifying roadblocks and finding the best way to remove them. If you are looking to obtain assistance in managing relationships or struggle with conflict resolution, we will analyze the problem and establish a course of action.
I specialize in addressing low self-esteem and negative body image. Throughout the course of treatment, we will work together to identify the contributing factors and take the steps to overcome it. I seek to provide support for clients who struggle with managing stress, anxiety, and depression. Life transitions can be difficult, and my job is to provide guidance in identifying roadblocks and finding the best way to remove them. If you are looking to obtain assistance in managing relationships or struggle with conflict resolution, we will analyze the problem and establish a course of action.
(646) 813-4263 View (646) 813-4263
Photo of Lindsey Wirht, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lindsey Wirht
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10013  (Online Only)
Lindsey is a holistic, relational psychotherapist working with both, individuals and couples, seeking healthier relationships. With an understanding that relationships take intentional work, she helps her clients address unresolved issues, communicate clearly, and increase empathy for themselves and others. She believes it is possible to change your dysfunctional patterns with enough curiosity and compassion. Whether it’s concerns about dating, career, self-image, or family, Lindsey takes time to listen, understand, and address the core feelings that lead to long-lasting relief.
Lindsey is a holistic, relational psychotherapist working with both, individuals and couples, seeking healthier relationships. With an understanding that relationships take intentional work, she helps her clients address unresolved issues, communicate clearly, and increase empathy for themselves and others. She believes it is possible to change your dysfunctional patterns with enough curiosity and compassion. Whether it’s concerns about dating, career, self-image, or family, Lindsey takes time to listen, understand, and address the core feelings that lead to long-lasting relief.
(347) 657-5242 View (347) 657-5242
Photo of Philbert C Chow, MSEd, LMHC
Philbert C Chow
MSEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10027  (Online Only)
Phil Chow graduated from the Mental Health Counseling program at St. John's University and joined the team at Katarzyna Dlugosz Mental Health Counseling, PLLC in 2022. He has developed a unique combination of experience in healthcare and psychotherapy skills polished at KDMHC, which together allow him to work with each client holistically and integratively.
Phil Chow graduated from the Mental Health Counseling program at St. John's University and joined the team at Katarzyna Dlugosz Mental Health Counseling, PLLC in 2022. He has developed a unique combination of experience in healthcare and psychotherapy skills polished at KDMHC, which together allow him to work with each client holistically and integratively.
(646) 687-8327 View (646) 687-8327
Photo of Melissa Andrea Abreu, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Andrea Abreu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10032  (Online Only)
The clients I work with are as diverse as the city we live in; from adolescents to older adults, my focus is on treating complex trauma, anxiety, and depression. Clients come to me with the intention to heal, and liberate themselves from the cycles that have kept them in a place of insecurity.
The clients I work with are as diverse as the city we live in; from adolescents to older adults, my focus is on treating complex trauma, anxiety, and depression. Clients come to me with the intention to heal, and liberate themselves from the cycles that have kept them in a place of insecurity.
(646) 849-7453 View (646) 849-7453
Photo of Jonathan Alpert, LPC, LMHC, Counselor
Jonathan Alpert
Counselor, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
I am a results-oriented psychotherapist, executive coach, and author of Be Fearless: Change Your Life in 28 Days. I work with individuals and couples on a range of issues including anxiety, depression, relationships, career/workplace, performance, stress/time management, and more. I'm licensed in NY, PA, DC, CT, and MD and provide sessions remotely to these locations and coaching sessions across the U.S. and globally. My patients come from all walks of life including executives, professionals, actors, musicians, athletes, etc. I have flexible hours that includes days, evenings, nights, and weekends.
I am a results-oriented psychotherapist, executive coach, and author of Be Fearless: Change Your Life in 28 Days. I work with individuals and couples on a range of issues including anxiety, depression, relationships, career/workplace, performance, stress/time management, and more. I'm licensed in NY, PA, DC, CT, and MD and provide sessions remotely to these locations and coaching sessions across the U.S. and globally. My patients come from all walks of life including executives, professionals, actors, musicians, athletes, etc. I have flexible hours that includes days, evenings, nights, and weekends.
(202) 841-3458 View (202) 841-3458
Karlista Peralta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10013  (Online Only)
Hola tambien hablo Espanol! If you are feeling like your emotions are too much to handle I am glad you are seeking help. We all have feelings that we need to process and understand to make us feel more empowered. Whether you are feeling overwhelming feelings of sadness, confusion, anxiety or extreme changes in your life its important to work on these so that you can begin to feel yourself again. I love helping people that want to feel in control again. Are you ready for this challenging yet rewarding step?
Hola tambien hablo Espanol! If you are feeling like your emotions are too much to handle I am glad you are seeking help. We all have feelings that we need to process and understand to make us feel more empowered. Whether you are feeling overwhelming feelings of sadness, confusion, anxiety or extreme changes in your life its important to work on these so that you can begin to feel yourself again. I love helping people that want to feel in control again. Are you ready for this challenging yet rewarding step?
(929) 628-2035 View (929) 628-2035
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.