Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of Curtis B. Freed, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Curtis B. Freed
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSN, LPC, RN
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37938  (Online Only)
We all experience events in our life that exceed our capacity to effectively cope. During those times we may need the support of a friend, or at times, a professional. Are you needing assistance to help you deal with difficulties in relationships, career, or other major decisions, the trauma of abuse, exposure to other traumatic events? Perhaps you are struggling daily with anxiety or depression or simply overwhelmed to the point of not being able to function effectively. If so, I will be glad to help.
We all experience events in our life that exceed our capacity to effectively cope. During those times we may need the support of a friend, or at times, a professional. Are you needing assistance to help you deal with difficulties in relationships, career, or other major decisions, the trauma of abuse, exposure to other traumatic events? Perhaps you are struggling daily with anxiety or depression or simply overwhelmed to the point of not being able to function effectively. If so, I will be glad to help.
(631) 459-4295 View (631) 459-4295
Photo of Krista Hein Bland, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Krista Hein Bland
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37921
Currently accepting new clients, no waitlist! My practice is primarily focused on working with couples that are struggling with their relationship and communication. I also work with individuals who are struggling with relationships. In working with couples, I am careful to ensure that everyone in the room with me feels heard. I work with couples dealing with communication issues and trauma, as well as couples who want to deepen their connection. I am also trained in EMDR and aim to treat trauma within both the individual and couple's context.
Currently accepting new clients, no waitlist! My practice is primarily focused on working with couples that are struggling with their relationship and communication. I also work with individuals who are struggling with relationships. In working with couples, I am careful to ensure that everyone in the room with me feels heard. I work with couples dealing with communication issues and trauma, as well as couples who want to deepen their connection. I am also trained in EMDR and aim to treat trauma within both the individual and couple's context.
(865) 328-2106 View (865) 328-2106
Photo of Elizabeth Oldham, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Elizabeth Oldham
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
Hello! I’m Elizabeth, and my goal is to help you address harmful thought patterns, process emotional wounds, and pursue a way forward that feels authentic and purposeful. I am a mental health therapist in Knoxville who works with pre-teens, adolescents, and young adults. I provide individual counseling for those struggling with: anxiety, the impact of trauma, relationship difficulties, family conflict, grief, self-esteem issues, identity work, religious/spiritual issues, sexual healing, peripartum mood disorders, and life transitions.
Hello! I’m Elizabeth, and my goal is to help you address harmful thought patterns, process emotional wounds, and pursue a way forward that feels authentic and purposeful. I am a mental health therapist in Knoxville who works with pre-teens, adolescents, and young adults. I provide individual counseling for those struggling with: anxiety, the impact of trauma, relationship difficulties, family conflict, grief, self-esteem issues, identity work, religious/spiritual issues, sexual healing, peripartum mood disorders, and life transitions.
(865) 270-4361 x818 View (865) 270-4361 x818
Photo of Susan Stirewalt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Susan Stirewalt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
Waitlist for new clients
Susan is a Licensed Professional Counselor - Mental Health Service Provider (LPC-MHSP) in TN and National Certified Counselor (NCC). She specializes in treating individuals with anxiety, complex trauma, and managing stress and relationship issues. She earned her Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at the Townsend Institute, where she studied the Competence & Character Growth Model, integrating the latest in neuroscience and evidence-based therapeutic interventions with a foundation of Christian faith and Biblical principles.
Susan is a Licensed Professional Counselor - Mental Health Service Provider (LPC-MHSP) in TN and National Certified Counselor (NCC). She specializes in treating individuals with anxiety, complex trauma, and managing stress and relationship issues. She earned her Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at the Townsend Institute, where she studied the Competence & Character Growth Model, integrating the latest in neuroscience and evidence-based therapeutic interventions with a foundation of Christian faith and Biblical principles.
(865) 276-8921 View (865) 276-8921
Photo of Holly Moore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Holly Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37932
Through working with people from all walks of life, I have seen trauma's life-altering impact. Maybe you have experienced an accident, loss, or assault, or maybe you witnessed a horrendous crime or suffered from verbal or emotional abuse. Whatever your experience with trauma has been, and however this may be affecting you now, there is help and hope available for you.
Through working with people from all walks of life, I have seen trauma's life-altering impact. Maybe you have experienced an accident, loss, or assault, or maybe you witnessed a horrendous crime or suffered from verbal or emotional abuse. Whatever your experience with trauma has been, and however this may be affecting you now, there is help and hope available for you.
(865) 551-6926 View (865) 551-6926
Photo of Dustin Harvey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Dustin Harvey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Dustin has worked with individuals across the lifespan throughout a variety of treatment settings, including in-home, outpatient, and residential treatment settings. While gaining this experience he has developed a passion for helping people find their way in a world that is rapidly changing. Dustin understands that every person takes a unique path through their development and has a variety of factors that are unique to each of their experiences.
Dustin has worked with individuals across the lifespan throughout a variety of treatment settings, including in-home, outpatient, and residential treatment settings. While gaining this experience he has developed a passion for helping people find their way in a world that is rapidly changing. Dustin understands that every person takes a unique path through their development and has a variety of factors that are unique to each of their experiences.
(865) 344-6715 View (865) 344-6715
Photo of John Mason, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
John Mason
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-MHS, ASDCS, ADDCCSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
Currently offering Autism and ADHD Evaluation for ages 4+. If you or a loved one have questions about development, speech, social skills or other struggles, Autism Testing may be necessary. I would love to serve you through an evaluation and see if a diagnosis of ASD is warranted. If you are struggling at home, school or work and are wondering if you have ADHD-give me a call! If you have trouble with organization, focus, attention or sitting still-give me a call! At this time, I am only taking clients for testing, not for therapy.
Currently offering Autism and ADHD Evaluation for ages 4+. If you or a loved one have questions about development, speech, social skills or other struggles, Autism Testing may be necessary. I would love to serve you through an evaluation and see if a diagnosis of ASD is warranted. If you are struggling at home, school or work and are wondering if you have ADHD-give me a call! If you have trouble with organization, focus, attention or sitting still-give me a call! At this time, I am only taking clients for testing, not for therapy.
(865) 217-1489 View (865) 217-1489
Photo of Austin Lowe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Austin Lowe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Life is an ever changing process. Whether it is the people we surround ourselves with, the classes/job we work, or our own physical well-being, few things remain the same. Sometimes, these changes bring on new challenges we feel unprepared to deal with; this past year, the COVID-19 pandemic left several of us feeling alone and ill-equipped for what it brought. In times like these, therapy can be helpful in working through such issues.
Life is an ever changing process. Whether it is the people we surround ourselves with, the classes/job we work, or our own physical well-being, few things remain the same. Sometimes, these changes bring on new challenges we feel unprepared to deal with; this past year, the COVID-19 pandemic left several of us feeling alone and ill-equipped for what it brought. In times like these, therapy can be helpful in working through such issues.
(423) 481-9436 View (423) 481-9436
Photo of Barrett G Wilson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Barrett G Wilson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37920
Ascending Self is a safe place where we will utilize the most effective, science-based, and relationally sound approaches to helping you heal while gaining understanding of self, communication, and relationships. If you're looking for a safe place to make meaningful changes in relationships with your self or loved ones, this is the place. Barrett offers his clients the best professional help with a balance of connection, support, and efficacy.
Ascending Self is a safe place where we will utilize the most effective, science-based, and relationally sound approaches to helping you heal while gaining understanding of self, communication, and relationships. If you're looking for a safe place to make meaningful changes in relationships with your self or loved ones, this is the place. Barrett offers his clients the best professional help with a balance of connection, support, and efficacy.
(865) 234-9370 View (865) 234-9370
Photo of Mallory Casevechia, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Mallory Casevechia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Have you ever played the game of Life? The board game with the cars and pegs, where you spin the wheel and try to live your best life with all the twists and turns that come with it. I believe we are all driving our little cars around on this journey, and sometimes we need an extra passenger to help us along the way. Whether you need guidance in decision making, a companion to drive away fear and loneliness, or confidence to take control of your life, sometimes we all need that passenger peg. Whatever point in this "game of life" you might be at, I want to join you and help you reach your goals.
Have you ever played the game of Life? The board game with the cars and pegs, where you spin the wheel and try to live your best life with all the twists and turns that come with it. I believe we are all driving our little cars around on this journey, and sometimes we need an extra passenger to help us along the way. Whether you need guidance in decision making, a companion to drive away fear and loneliness, or confidence to take control of your life, sometimes we all need that passenger peg. Whatever point in this "game of life" you might be at, I want to join you and help you reach your goals.
(865) 401-9361 View (865) 401-9361
Photo of Robin Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Robin Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Dr. Robin C. Campbell is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2012. Dr. Campbell has extensive training in marital and family therapy, grief counseling, cognitive therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples, and Couples with Trauma and Addiction issues; she also has experience leading Celebrate Recovery which started under Pastor Rick Warren. Additionally, she has worked for the department of corrections for incarcerated drug offenders, where she conducted individual counseling and group 12-Step meetings.
Dr. Robin C. Campbell is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2012. Dr. Campbell has extensive training in marital and family therapy, grief counseling, cognitive therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples, and Couples with Trauma and Addiction issues; she also has experience leading Celebrate Recovery which started under Pastor Rick Warren. Additionally, she has worked for the department of corrections for incarcerated drug offenders, where she conducted individual counseling and group 12-Step meetings.
(865) 830-3194 View (865) 830-3194
Photo of Jarrod L Justice, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Jarrod L Justice
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, NCC, CST
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Hello! I am a licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT) and a National Certified Counselor (NCC) in the heart of Knoxville who works with college students, young professionals, dating couples, marriages, and families. I provide counseling for both men and women, who need help with: anxiety, depression, stress, new romantic relationships, relational problems, communication, conflict resolution, physical intimacy issues, sexual health concerns, parenting concerns, family dynamics, addictions, career-path decisions, premarital counseling, and life transitions.
Hello! I am a licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT) and a National Certified Counselor (NCC) in the heart of Knoxville who works with college students, young professionals, dating couples, marriages, and families. I provide counseling for both men and women, who need help with: anxiety, depression, stress, new romantic relationships, relational problems, communication, conflict resolution, physical intimacy issues, sexual health concerns, parenting concerns, family dynamics, addictions, career-path decisions, premarital counseling, and life transitions.
(865) 269-6516 x803 View (865) 269-6516 x803
Photo of Sean M Ridge, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Sean M Ridge
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37902
Life isn’t always easy - in fact, sometimes it is downright painful, evil, and overwhelming. It is good to have people to lean into during these difficult times. And sometimes, it is good to reach out to a professional to help along the way. I seek to be that type of helper. Whether you struggle with anxiety or depression, identity distress or relationship problems, "Big T" trauma or "little t" trauma... whatever your situation - I hope you have hope for a better tomorrow. And if I can walk with you for a time along the way, please let me know.
Life isn’t always easy - in fact, sometimes it is downright painful, evil, and overwhelming. It is good to have people to lean into during these difficult times. And sometimes, it is good to reach out to a professional to help along the way. I seek to be that type of helper. Whether you struggle with anxiety or depression, identity distress or relationship problems, "Big T" trauma or "little t" trauma... whatever your situation - I hope you have hope for a better tomorrow. And if I can walk with you for a time along the way, please let me know.
(865) 344-2495 View (865) 344-2495
Photo of Carol Lucas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Carol Lucas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37932
Carol Lucas is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 25 years of experience in the mental health field. She graduated from the University of Tennessee with a Master's in Social Work in 1999. She has worked with adolescents, adults, and geriatrics in a variety of settings such as inpatient, intensive outpatient, residential, school based, and community mental health. Carol uses a compassionate, non-judgmental approach to empower clients to deal with whatever they are facing, such as depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, substance abuse, life changes, grief, loss, or executive skills deficits.
Carol Lucas is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 25 years of experience in the mental health field. She graduated from the University of Tennessee with a Master's in Social Work in 1999. She has worked with adolescents, adults, and geriatrics in a variety of settings such as inpatient, intensive outpatient, residential, school based, and community mental health. Carol uses a compassionate, non-judgmental approach to empower clients to deal with whatever they are facing, such as depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, substance abuse, life changes, grief, loss, or executive skills deficits.
(865) 685-8834 View (865) 685-8834
Photo of Margaret Anthony, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Margaret Anthony
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
I have worked with adolescents, adults and 65 and up patients for years. Have also worked in juvenile and adult court in the past as well as in intensive outpatient and in mental health at a hospital setting. I attended the University of Tennessee and graduated in 1997 with my Masters in Social Work. I have experience with trauma, depression, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder. I work with Cognitive processing therapy, Cognitive Behavior therapy, Mindfulness, Exposure therapy, and behavioral therapy as well as couple's therapy.
I have worked with adolescents, adults and 65 and up patients for years. Have also worked in juvenile and adult court in the past as well as in intensive outpatient and in mental health at a hospital setting. I attended the University of Tennessee and graduated in 1997 with my Masters in Social Work. I have experience with trauma, depression, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder. I work with Cognitive processing therapy, Cognitive Behavior therapy, Mindfulness, Exposure therapy, and behavioral therapy as well as couple's therapy.
(865) 328-4926 View (865) 328-4926
Photo of Jenee Justice Tate, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Jenee Justice Tate
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
There is no greater pain than watching your child struggle. You've read the blogs, asked your doctor, consulted with friends, but you feel no closer to understanding what is going on or how to help. You need answers and you need a roadmap to stop the suffering and get things back on track. I'm here to guide you through the darkness and uncover what your child needs to achieve their true potential. My unique approach involves identifying your child's strengths in addition to their areas of vulnerability so you know exactly what they need to thrive.
There is no greater pain than watching your child struggle. You've read the blogs, asked your doctor, consulted with friends, but you feel no closer to understanding what is going on or how to help. You need answers and you need a roadmap to stop the suffering and get things back on track. I'm here to guide you through the darkness and uncover what your child needs to achieve their true potential. My unique approach involves identifying your child's strengths in addition to their areas of vulnerability so you know exactly what they need to thrive.
(865) 737-2787 View (865) 737-2787
Photo of Holly Christianson, Licensed Master Social Worker in Knoxville, TN
Holly Christianson
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
As a therapist with a passion for attachment, child development and family support, I understand the importance of early interventions and nurturing connections within the family. My child-centered, play-based approach is grounded in evidence-based techniques tailored to meet the unique needs of your family. Whether you're experiencing challenges related to behavior, emotional regulation, parent-child interactions or trauma, I'm here to provide guidance and support every step of the way.
As a therapist with a passion for attachment, child development and family support, I understand the importance of early interventions and nurturing connections within the family. My child-centered, play-based approach is grounded in evidence-based techniques tailored to meet the unique needs of your family. Whether you're experiencing challenges related to behavior, emotional regulation, parent-child interactions or trauma, I'm here to provide guidance and support every step of the way.
(865) 351-2948 View (865) 351-2948
Photo of Tango Trails Counseling Michelle L. Jester, Ph.D., Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Tango Trails Counseling Michelle L. Jester, Ph.D.
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
At Tango Trails, Traditional and Equine-Assisted Counseling are combined to help our clients. We believe that interaction with the natural world, and especially horses, is a great way to promote healing. Both riding and non-riding activities are used in therapy sessions. No horse experience necessary.
At Tango Trails, Traditional and Equine-Assisted Counseling are combined to help our clients. We believe that interaction with the natural world, and especially horses, is a great way to promote healing. Both riding and non-riding activities are used in therapy sessions. No horse experience necessary.
(865) 830-1725 View (865) 830-1725
Photo of Candace L Huddleston, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Candace L Huddleston
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
In a society that has increasingly more information about mental health issues along with increasing openness to discuss mental health concerns, are you someone who would like to develop that even further with the help of a mental health professional? I work alongside my clients to help them understand all this information in the context of their own experiences. We then work together to identify ways to integrate that, brainstorm skills and implement tools to improve overall quality of life.
In a society that has increasingly more information about mental health issues along with increasing openness to discuss mental health concerns, are you someone who would like to develop that even further with the help of a mental health professional? I work alongside my clients to help them understand all this information in the context of their own experiences. We then work together to identify ways to integrate that, brainstorm skills and implement tools to improve overall quality of life.
(865) 426-1492 View (865) 426-1492
Photo of Elizabeth A Woodward, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Elizabeth A Woodward
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Not accepting new clients
I work with adults, teens, preteens, and children starting at 6 years old. Many of my clients are looking for coping skills to aid with mood disorders, conduct issues, or impulse-control disorders, such as anxiety, depression, behavior problems, and ADHD. Some want to work through trauma or grief. Others have less common problems. However, all are looking to make a change, but they do not know how to or do not want to do it on their own.
I work with adults, teens, preteens, and children starting at 6 years old. Many of my clients are looking for coping skills to aid with mood disorders, conduct issues, or impulse-control disorders, such as anxiety, depression, behavior problems, and ADHD. Some want to work through trauma or grief. Others have less common problems. However, all are looking to make a change, but they do not know how to or do not want to do it on their own.
(865) 213-7707 View (865) 213-7707

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

600+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
68% Optum

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.