Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Shani Gardner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Shani Gardner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
New York, NY 10022  (Online Only)
You appear to have it all figured out on the outside, but on the inside, you often feel nervous, scared, and overwhelmed. You’re successful and have achieved great things, but you still don’t feel worthy. It’s hard to feel good enough when you always need to please others and be perfect. This has left you questioning yourself, exhausted and anxious. You’re not sure why you’re feeling so anxious. Perhaps it's a fear of failure or rejection. You’ve learned that your successes are what makes you valuable. This mindset has helped you get to where you are today, but it's ruining your mood, your ability to relax and your sense of self.
You appear to have it all figured out on the outside, but on the inside, you often feel nervous, scared, and overwhelmed. You’re successful and have achieved great things, but you still don’t feel worthy. It’s hard to feel good enough when you always need to please others and be perfect. This has left you questioning yourself, exhausted and anxious. You’re not sure why you’re feeling so anxious. Perhaps it's a fear of failure or rejection. You’ve learned that your successes are what makes you valuable. This mindset has helped you get to where you are today, but it's ruining your mood, your ability to relax and your sense of self.
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Photo of Talia Shiovitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Talia Shiovitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10005
I am committed to being your strongest advocate. I believe in your unlimited capacity to grow and change, and my passion is to help you improve your quality of life. Together, we will find solutions and create long-term changes. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who are seeking support for depression, anxiety, college adjustment, life transitions, sexuality/identity, stress management, relationship difficulties, and trauma.
I am committed to being your strongest advocate. I believe in your unlimited capacity to grow and change, and my passion is to help you improve your quality of life. Together, we will find solutions and create long-term changes. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who are seeking support for depression, anxiety, college adjustment, life transitions, sexuality/identity, stress management, relationship difficulties, and trauma.
(914) 353-4691 View (914) 353-4691
Photo of Max Friedmann, Psychologist in New York, NY
Max Friedmann
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Waitlist for new clients
Depression, anxiety, and trauma are teachers and thieves. They point toward the issues we need to work through, but until that happens, they steal our vitality. However, human beings can change. The seeds of your growth are alive in you, including right now in your decision to consider therapy. Those seeds would guide our conversations, which would focus on emotion, recurring themes, and interpersonal relationships. Our collaborative work would strive to bring forward the best parts of you.
Depression, anxiety, and trauma are teachers and thieves. They point toward the issues we need to work through, but until that happens, they steal our vitality. However, human beings can change. The seeds of your growth are alive in you, including right now in your decision to consider therapy. Those seeds would guide our conversations, which would focus on emotion, recurring themes, and interpersonal relationships. Our collaborative work would strive to bring forward the best parts of you.
(332) 334-8898 View (332) 334-8898
Photo of Yes Psychotherapy Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Yes Psychotherapy Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, R, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10036
Iris Yankelevich, Clinical Director of YES Psychotherapy Services and her team work with individuals, families and couples as well as children and adolescents, we are also dealing with a large spectrum of emotional issues: depression, anxiety, adjustment disorder, relationship issues, stress at work, self-esteem, career related issues and others.
Iris Yankelevich, Clinical Director of YES Psychotherapy Services and her team work with individuals, families and couples as well as children and adolescents, we are also dealing with a large spectrum of emotional issues: depression, anxiety, adjustment disorder, relationship issues, stress at work, self-esteem, career related issues and others.
(347) 809-6151 View (347) 809-6151
Photo of CoreStory Psychology Services PC, Psychologist in New York, NY
CoreStory Psychology Services PC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Your life is made up of many stories, and the ones you stay connected to and focus on can impact the way you feel. At CoreStory, we work to help you articulate your narratives to better understand your emotions, your relationships and your life. In the City, life can be hectic, with competing demands at work, home and in relationships often leaving people feel depleted, tired, sad, or stuck. We aim to provide a consistent space each week to tell your story and to help you make progress towards personal, family and career goals with a focus on sustaining wellness.
Your life is made up of many stories, and the ones you stay connected to and focus on can impact the way you feel. At CoreStory, we work to help you articulate your narratives to better understand your emotions, your relationships and your life. In the City, life can be hectic, with competing demands at work, home and in relationships often leaving people feel depleted, tired, sad, or stuck. We aim to provide a consistent space each week to tell your story and to help you make progress towards personal, family and career goals with a focus on sustaining wellness.
(646) 762-6330 View (646) 762-6330
Photo of Dr. Wesley D. Willis, Psy.D., LCSW-R, RN, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dr. Wesley D. Willis, Psy.D., LCSW-R, RN
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW, RN
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019  (Online Only)
The focus of my practice utilizes my education and experience in medicine and psychiatry known as "lifestyle medicine" to support my patient's goal to live, work and experience life to the fullest. The majority of my patients are seen weekly via video conferencing. Visit my website and select "online appointment scheduling" in the drop down menu to schedule your appointment today.
The focus of my practice utilizes my education and experience in medicine and psychiatry known as "lifestyle medicine" to support my patient's goal to live, work and experience life to the fullest. The majority of my patients are seen weekly via video conferencing. Visit my website and select "online appointment scheduling" in the drop down menu to schedule your appointment today.
(718) 504-1471 View (718) 504-1471
Photo of Renee Welde, Counselor in New York, NY
Renee Welde
Counselor, MS, LPC, BCC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10013
Healing begins here. I Can Help You Experience Life Differently. Do you feel anxious, depressed, and out of balance in your life and your relationships? Maybe there's a nagging, overwhelming unease that won't go away and you sometimes feel swallowed up by it. How would your life be different if you spoke to a safe, non-judgmental, experienced, therapist? I meet people where they are and work with adults treating a variety of needs. Through deep listening, compassion and understanding, we'll explore what's upsetting you and create a plan on what to do about it. Our crisis points are also our turning points.
Healing begins here. I Can Help You Experience Life Differently. Do you feel anxious, depressed, and out of balance in your life and your relationships? Maybe there's a nagging, overwhelming unease that won't go away and you sometimes feel swallowed up by it. How would your life be different if you spoke to a safe, non-judgmental, experienced, therapist? I meet people where they are and work with adults treating a variety of needs. Through deep listening, compassion and understanding, we'll explore what's upsetting you and create a plan on what to do about it. Our crisis points are also our turning points.
(646) 392-8885 View (646) 392-8885
Photo of Sherry Chowdhury, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Sherry Chowdhury
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003
If you are a queer and/or trans person of color looking to explore the ways that your intersectional identities shape your life, I may be the right fit for you! I'm interested in working with folks who want to move beyond mainstream, Western narratives of mental health and well-being, and connect with the roots and paths that have forged your unique path. How do we define our "best self", and what societal structures may have impacted that idea? How do we move towards being more comfortable and vulnerable at the expense of shattering lifelong ideas of how we are meant to live?
If you are a queer and/or trans person of color looking to explore the ways that your intersectional identities shape your life, I may be the right fit for you! I'm interested in working with folks who want to move beyond mainstream, Western narratives of mental health and well-being, and connect with the roots and paths that have forged your unique path. How do we define our "best self", and what societal structures may have impacted that idea? How do we move towards being more comfortable and vulnerable at the expense of shattering lifelong ideas of how we are meant to live?
(347) 789-7520 View (347) 789-7520
Photo of Linda Larkin, Psychologist in New York, NY
Linda Larkin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10105
Are you unhappy or dissatisfied with your life? Are you feeling anxious or sad? With over 25 years of experience providing psychotherapy and couples therapy, I will collaborate with you to create a safe space within which we can speak openly. We can work together to be mindful and accepting of your true feelings in order to help you accomplish your goals. If problematic behaviors, such as procrastination (for example) contribute to your difficulties, I may also suggest behavioral strategies to help you make the changes you seek.
Are you unhappy or dissatisfied with your life? Are you feeling anxious or sad? With over 25 years of experience providing psychotherapy and couples therapy, I will collaborate with you to create a safe space within which we can speak openly. We can work together to be mindful and accepting of your true feelings in order to help you accomplish your goals. If problematic behaviors, such as procrastination (for example) contribute to your difficulties, I may also suggest behavioral strategies to help you make the changes you seek.
(646) 351-1736 View (646) 351-1736
Photo of Janice Michaelson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Janice Michaelson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
We each want the best life we can make for ourselves. Everyone has potential that has not been developed or utilized enough. Whether one has symptoms of depression, anxiety, problematic relationships or anger difficulties, each one of us can progress to remove symptoms and develop our unique personalities more. That is what keeps me excited about my work after so many years of practice as a psychotherapist. I help people to accomplish their goals and improve their abilities to get more out of life, including their relationships. We are complex beings, filled with so much untapped potential.
We each want the best life we can make for ourselves. Everyone has potential that has not been developed or utilized enough. Whether one has symptoms of depression, anxiety, problematic relationships or anger difficulties, each one of us can progress to remove symptoms and develop our unique personalities more. That is what keeps me excited about my work after so many years of practice as a psychotherapist. I help people to accomplish their goals and improve their abilities to get more out of life, including their relationships. We are complex beings, filled with so much untapped potential.
(646) 863-9416 View (646) 863-9416
Photo of Martine J Byer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Martine J Byer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
Chemistry and wavelength is the essential meeting place in the therapeutic connection. I have an intuitive, empathic ability and work with a wide range of issues. My work in trauma/ child- formative development is my guide to help you locate essential concerns. I have success focusing people on their true desires while addressing practical lifestyle issues. I have a specialty in dual career goals; what a person wants to pursue and how it can be supported in practical terms. This is especially relevant to artists. I work at a deep level of understanding and am creative in getting life to work for and with you.
Chemistry and wavelength is the essential meeting place in the therapeutic connection. I have an intuitive, empathic ability and work with a wide range of issues. My work in trauma/ child- formative development is my guide to help you locate essential concerns. I have success focusing people on their true desires while addressing practical lifestyle issues. I have a specialty in dual career goals; what a person wants to pursue and how it can be supported in practical terms. This is especially relevant to artists. I work at a deep level of understanding and am creative in getting life to work for and with you.
(646) 759-9789 View (646) 759-9789
Photo of Samuel Parton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Samuel Parton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028
Working in schools and foster care settings for years, Sam is an expert in child and adolescent therapy. He utilizes two of the leading therapies, Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). With CBT, Sam helps clients change unhelpful thought processes and behavioral patterns and aids clients in bravely facing their fears. While with DBT, he helps clients learn better emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal skills. He is passionate about building connections and assists clients in finding strengths and skills within themselves to work through any struggles they might be experiencing.
Working in schools and foster care settings for years, Sam is an expert in child and adolescent therapy. He utilizes two of the leading therapies, Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). With CBT, Sam helps clients change unhelpful thought processes and behavioral patterns and aids clients in bravely facing their fears. While with DBT, he helps clients learn better emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal skills. He is passionate about building connections and assists clients in finding strengths and skills within themselves to work through any struggles they might be experiencing.
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Photo of Kayla Elder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Kayla Elder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10009
My name is Kayla Elder and I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of NY. I like to take a client-centered, eclectic approach to therapy and I believe people should be in the drivers seat of their own wellness. My focus areas include working with those who suffer from anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and ADHD. I tend to work with adult individuals who suffer from anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and ADHD.
My name is Kayla Elder and I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of NY. I like to take a client-centered, eclectic approach to therapy and I believe people should be in the drivers seat of their own wellness. My focus areas include working with those who suffer from anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and ADHD. I tend to work with adult individuals who suffer from anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and ADHD.
(646) 845-7814 View (646) 845-7814
Photo of James Merrick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
James Merrick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
I work with adults predominately who struggle with anxiety, depression, and addiction concerns. I utilize a range of therapeutic techniques and approaches to address a variety of challenges including internal and interpersonal conflicts, relationship difficulties, and life transitions. The specific combination of interventions and the duration of therapy will depend on a variety of factors and will reflect our mutual assessment of your unique needs.
I work with adults predominately who struggle with anxiety, depression, and addiction concerns. I utilize a range of therapeutic techniques and approaches to address a variety of challenges including internal and interpersonal conflicts, relationship difficulties, and life transitions. The specific combination of interventions and the duration of therapy will depend on a variety of factors and will reflect our mutual assessment of your unique needs.
(929) 205-5866 View (929) 205-5866
Photo of Melissa Andrea Abreu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Melissa Andrea Abreu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10032  (Online Only)
My clients are as diverse as the city we live in; from adolescents to older adults, my focus is on treating complex trauma, anxiety, and depression. Clients come to me with the intention to heal, and liberate themselves from the cycles that have kept them in a place of insecurity.
My clients are as diverse as the city we live in; from adolescents to older adults, my focus is on treating complex trauma, anxiety, and depression. Clients come to me with the intention to heal, and liberate themselves from the cycles that have kept them in a place of insecurity.
(646) 849-7453 View (646) 849-7453
Photo of Theresa D Linson, Counselor in New York, NY
Theresa D Linson
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017  (Online Only)
There are so many opportunities to feel stuck in life while you are managing the multitude of responsibilities that come along with it. Navigating these challenges on your own can add to the stress you feel, and sometimes you feel helpless coping with these struggles in unhealthy ways. I am a mental health counselor with experience in a variety of issues, including depression, anxiety, substance use, anger management, life transitions, and relationship issues. I utilize elements of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychodynamic theory to address the unhealthy patterns impacting your satisfaction in life.
There are so many opportunities to feel stuck in life while you are managing the multitude of responsibilities that come along with it. Navigating these challenges on your own can add to the stress you feel, and sometimes you feel helpless coping with these struggles in unhealthy ways. I am a mental health counselor with experience in a variety of issues, including depression, anxiety, substance use, anger management, life transitions, and relationship issues. I utilize elements of motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychodynamic theory to address the unhealthy patterns impacting your satisfaction in life.
(516) 701-2398 View (516) 701-2398
Photo of Amy Acosta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Amy Acosta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10013  (Online Only)
Stress, anxiety, emotional upheaval - these are a part of everyday life, but therapy and the tools discussed can make each a little easier. I want to support you in navigating your daily life, from talking through unease and finding the best strategies to identifying the root of issues you may be facing. My therapeutic approach is to provide consistent support while challenging and motivating you to explore the multi-faceted human being that you are. In my practice, I utilize a humanistic, multidisciplinary and strengths-based approach. We will collaborate on your goals and progress while always in a safe and confidential space.
Stress, anxiety, emotional upheaval - these are a part of everyday life, but therapy and the tools discussed can make each a little easier. I want to support you in navigating your daily life, from talking through unease and finding the best strategies to identifying the root of issues you may be facing. My therapeutic approach is to provide consistent support while challenging and motivating you to explore the multi-faceted human being that you are. In my practice, I utilize a humanistic, multidisciplinary and strengths-based approach. We will collaborate on your goals and progress while always in a safe and confidential space.
(347) 434-6496 View (347) 434-6496
Photo of Simone Schultz, Counselor in New York, NY
Simone Schultz
Counselor, LMHC, LMSW, LPC, NCC, CASAC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10007  (Online Only)
Do you ever feel that you just want to hide? Everything seems so overwhelming. You forget to breathe. Your friends invite you out and you say no, but what you really want to say is yes. You continue to miss opportunities and always think about excuses to come up with to avoid being in situations that make you feel uncomfortable. You are lonely and often feel isolated, but it feels so scary to put yourself out there. You are not even sure who you really are outside of your worries. You feel that no one can really understand you or what you are going through.
Do you ever feel that you just want to hide? Everything seems so overwhelming. You forget to breathe. Your friends invite you out and you say no, but what you really want to say is yes. You continue to miss opportunities and always think about excuses to come up with to avoid being in situations that make you feel uncomfortable. You are lonely and often feel isolated, but it feels so scary to put yourself out there. You are not even sure who you really are outside of your worries. You feel that no one can really understand you or what you are going through.
(332) 239-6406 View (332) 239-6406
Photo of Mae Jones in New York, NY
Mae Jones
MA, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10036
Milestones like graduating college, having a child, or going through a break up can trigger stress, anxiety, and existentialist thinking. I help people stay centered and connected to themselves as they move into new life stages. During these times, our relationships and identities often come into focus, especially when it comes to forming new friendships, changing family structures, or starting a new romantic relationship. In our work together, we’ll explore all the intersecting parts of your identity and focus on ways to build healthy, nourishing connections with the people around you.
Milestones like graduating college, having a child, or going through a break up can trigger stress, anxiety, and existentialist thinking. I help people stay centered and connected to themselves as they move into new life stages. During these times, our relationships and identities often come into focus, especially when it comes to forming new friendships, changing family structures, or starting a new romantic relationship. In our work together, we’ll explore all the intersecting parts of your identity and focus on ways to build healthy, nourishing connections with the people around you.
(646) 328-6671 View (646) 328-6671
Photo of Danielle Naghi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Danielle Naghi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10004  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in NY currently providing video psychotherapy sessions. I see teens, adults, and couples who are dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, relationship and family issues, academic stressors, and identity development. I approach psychotherapy holistically, integrating models such as Internal Family Systems Theory, The Ackerman Relational Approach, and Trauma Theory. Working in an environment focused on social justice, it is important to me to be able to help clients navigate issues related to experiences of racism, homophobia, transphobia, xenophobia, and sexism.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in NY currently providing video psychotherapy sessions. I see teens, adults, and couples who are dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, relationship and family issues, academic stressors, and identity development. I approach psychotherapy holistically, integrating models such as Internal Family Systems Theory, The Ackerman Relational Approach, and Trauma Theory. Working in an environment focused on social justice, it is important to me to be able to help clients navigate issues related to experiences of racism, homophobia, transphobia, xenophobia, and sexism.
(646) 837-7007 View (646) 837-7007

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.