Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Alyssa Kushner Trauma C-Ptsd Anxiety Codependency, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Alyssa Kushner Trauma C-Ptsd Anxiety Codependency
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with past trauma that's currently impacting you, anxiety, burn out, people pleasing, codependency, perfectionism, a harsh inner critic, or your relationship w/ alcohol? Or are you a parent of a teen who is struggling with stress and anxiety, low-self esteem, depression, or self-harm? I am passionate about working with teens, adults and their families with the above needs. If you would like to become a more confident and authentic version of yourself, I'd be honored to support you. I fully understand how important the right therapist fit is to feel safe enough to open up.
Are you struggling with past trauma that's currently impacting you, anxiety, burn out, people pleasing, codependency, perfectionism, a harsh inner critic, or your relationship w/ alcohol? Or are you a parent of a teen who is struggling with stress and anxiety, low-self esteem, depression, or self-harm? I am passionate about working with teens, adults and their families with the above needs. If you would like to become a more confident and authentic version of yourself, I'd be honored to support you. I fully understand how important the right therapist fit is to feel safe enough to open up.
(646) 849-3149 x1 View (646) 849-3149 x1
Photo of Cheyenne Skinner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Cheyenne Skinner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Seeking help takes courage. Do you struggle with fear, worry, stress, anger, or confusion? Do you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected from others? Do you or your children struggle with daily functioning? My foundation as a licensed psychotherapist and a life coach is client-centered, and holistically rooted in encouraging clients to tap into their strengths to restore mind-body balance through various modalities. Please feel free to contact me!
Seeking help takes courage. Do you struggle with fear, worry, stress, anger, or confusion? Do you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected from others? Do you or your children struggle with daily functioning? My foundation as a licensed psychotherapist and a life coach is client-centered, and holistically rooted in encouraging clients to tap into their strengths to restore mind-body balance through various modalities. Please feel free to contact me!
(646) 941-7811 View (646) 941-7811
Photo of Orlando Serrano, Counselor in New York, NY
Orlando Serrano
Counselor, LMHC, MDiv
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10038
Necesitas cambiar para seguir adelante? Searching and in need for a breakthrough? La Terapia ayuda evaluar opciones y explorar tu ser integralmente. Psychotherapy is an exploration of your whole self; mind/body/emotions. Gives new insights on vital and difficult areas of life that sometimes present much like depression, anxiety or other vulnerabilities. My positive attitude and focus on wellness helps you go through tough challenges to get ready for important decisions. My therapy helps people to work on issues around substance use/recovery, grief and loses, chronic health, relationships and sexuality, LGBTQ affirmation and trauma.
Necesitas cambiar para seguir adelante? Searching and in need for a breakthrough? La Terapia ayuda evaluar opciones y explorar tu ser integralmente. Psychotherapy is an exploration of your whole self; mind/body/emotions. Gives new insights on vital and difficult areas of life that sometimes present much like depression, anxiety or other vulnerabilities. My positive attitude and focus on wellness helps you go through tough challenges to get ready for important decisions. My therapy helps people to work on issues around substance use/recovery, grief and loses, chronic health, relationships and sexuality, LGBTQ affirmation and trauma.
(347) 935-1311 View (347) 935-1311
Photo of Navah Steiner in New York, NY
Navah Steiner
MA, RDT/BCT, LCAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
I am a psychotherapist with a license in creative arts therapy and certifications in psychodynamic psychotherapy, family therapy and drama therapy. Many of my clients seek help with past and current relationships, life transitions, parenting, identity issues and traumatic experiences. They come to therapy looking not only for relief, but seeking a deeper understanding of who they are and their place in the world. I believe in the ability of everyone to enjoy a more connected and fulfilling life. In my practice, I help clients reconnect with their sense of aliveness through a warm, playful and intellectually curious approach.
I am a psychotherapist with a license in creative arts therapy and certifications in psychodynamic psychotherapy, family therapy and drama therapy. Many of my clients seek help with past and current relationships, life transitions, parenting, identity issues and traumatic experiences. They come to therapy looking not only for relief, but seeking a deeper understanding of who they are and their place in the world. I believe in the ability of everyone to enjoy a more connected and fulfilling life. In my practice, I help clients reconnect with their sense of aliveness through a warm, playful and intellectually curious approach.
(646) 762-4371 View (646) 762-4371
Photo of Namhee Stokivs, Psychologist in New York, NY
Namhee Stokivs
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
Joy of life is always accompanied by pain, and there are times that you feel beaten and defeated. Psychological symptoms can surface and compromise your happiness and functioning during these struggles. Therapy can help you to stay on the right track or find the right directions to minimize unnecessary sufferings.
Joy of life is always accompanied by pain, and there are times that you feel beaten and defeated. Psychological symptoms can surface and compromise your happiness and functioning during these struggles. Therapy can help you to stay on the right track or find the right directions to minimize unnecessary sufferings.
(914) 758-1756 View (914) 758-1756
Photo of Ellen Katz Westrich, Psychologist in New York, NY
Ellen Katz Westrich
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10065
I have great interest in, and years of experience working with people coping with a variety of life issues. In particular, I specialize in working with people who express psychological stress through their bodies. This can include eating issues,anxiety disorders,and post traumatic stress disorder.
I have great interest in, and years of experience working with people coping with a variety of life issues. In particular, I specialize in working with people who express psychological stress through their bodies. This can include eating issues,anxiety disorders,and post traumatic stress disorder.
(646) 606-3963 View (646) 606-3963
Photo of Sydney Rose, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Sydney Rose
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10019
Grief can impact every aspect of life: relationships, behaviors, thoughts and emotions. If you've experienced something that broke your spirit, you can't keep going the way you were before. But major losses and transitions in life can also open up possibilities for big transformations. They can point you towards more meaning, connection and vitality than you've experienced before. If you're stuck in shame, loneliness, fear or doubt that seems immovable, a trauma focused approach to therapy might just be what you need help make a shift.
Grief can impact every aspect of life: relationships, behaviors, thoughts and emotions. If you've experienced something that broke your spirit, you can't keep going the way you were before. But major losses and transitions in life can also open up possibilities for big transformations. They can point you towards more meaning, connection and vitality than you've experienced before. If you're stuck in shame, loneliness, fear or doubt that seems immovable, a trauma focused approach to therapy might just be what you need help make a shift.
(917) 994-6968 View (917) 994-6968
Photo of Angie Aly in New York, NY
Angie Aly
LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
If you have never been to therapy or are hesitant about taking the leap, you can email me for a free first session! While I specialize in OCD and alleviating repetitive thoughts, I also support clients to overcome shame, toxic relationships, eating disorders, depression, and other challenges. I take a lot of inspiration from Jungian psychology- where we may feel the need to put on a mask and perform in society based on the labels we are given and hide who we truly are. Together, we will create a personalized space - where you can feel liberated to explore who you are and meet your goals without having any masks on.
If you have never been to therapy or are hesitant about taking the leap, you can email me for a free first session! While I specialize in OCD and alleviating repetitive thoughts, I also support clients to overcome shame, toxic relationships, eating disorders, depression, and other challenges. I take a lot of inspiration from Jungian psychology- where we may feel the need to put on a mask and perform in society based on the labels we are given and hide who we truly are. Together, we will create a personalized space - where you can feel liberated to explore who you are and meet your goals without having any masks on.
(332) 263-3780 View (332) 263-3780
Photo of Katherine Matheson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Katherine Matheson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025  (Online Only)
I work with clients who are interested in finding a new way to live. Often the past limits our sense of what possibilities are open to us. We need an empathic outsider to help sort out what is deeply true for us in order to continue on in a fresh, grounded way. Ironically we often need to go backwards to move forward. As a psychoanalytically trained therapist, I believe that the brain is inherently conservative and needs new experiences in order to remember, retreat and "reroute". I believe each patient needs to discover their own unique story and to find a way to tell it. Creativity often plays a vital role in this journey.
I work with clients who are interested in finding a new way to live. Often the past limits our sense of what possibilities are open to us. We need an empathic outsider to help sort out what is deeply true for us in order to continue on in a fresh, grounded way. Ironically we often need to go backwards to move forward. As a psychoanalytically trained therapist, I believe that the brain is inherently conservative and needs new experiences in order to remember, retreat and "reroute". I believe each patient needs to discover their own unique story and to find a way to tell it. Creativity often plays a vital role in this journey.
(646) 845-9793 View (646) 845-9793
Photo of Marina Rozenberg in New York, NY
Marina Rozenberg
MD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10075
I work with people who struggle with anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. Others seek help because they suffer with a sense of disconnection or find themselves repeating unhealthy patterns despite their best effort to change. What we fail to realize is that these symptoms and patterns are often trying to tell us about something essential within ourselves that we had to push aside in our effort to get along and succeed, or they can reflect traumatic experiences from our past that had been too overwhelming to assimilate. Often the original meanings are buried deep within our unconscious with only these symptoms as a trace.
I work with people who struggle with anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. Others seek help because they suffer with a sense of disconnection or find themselves repeating unhealthy patterns despite their best effort to change. What we fail to realize is that these symptoms and patterns are often trying to tell us about something essential within ourselves that we had to push aside in our effort to get along and succeed, or they can reflect traumatic experiences from our past that had been too overwhelming to assimilate. Often the original meanings are buried deep within our unconscious with only these symptoms as a trace.
(718) 550-1121 View (718) 550-1121
Photo of Hollin Hanau, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Hollin Hanau
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10007  (Online Only)
Hollin Hanau is a compassionate and warm individual with a passion for helping individuals live their most fulfilling lives. She works with a variety of clients, including individuals, couples, and groups, Hollin incorporates theory from various modalities into her work, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Strength Focused Therapy, and Client-Centered Therapy. Clients can expect Hollin to be warm, empathetic, open-minded, and direct. When working with Hollin, clients can expect to take away an increased self-awareness, particularly in terms of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Hollin Hanau is a compassionate and warm individual with a passion for helping individuals live their most fulfilling lives. She works with a variety of clients, including individuals, couples, and groups, Hollin incorporates theory from various modalities into her work, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Strength Focused Therapy, and Client-Centered Therapy. Clients can expect Hollin to be warm, empathetic, open-minded, and direct. When working with Hollin, clients can expect to take away an increased self-awareness, particularly in terms of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
(347) 427-5900 View (347) 427-5900
Photo of Soribel Martinez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Soribel Martinez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10165
Are you a veteran facing the challenges of PTSD, military sexual trauma, depression, anxiety, or co-occurring substance use disorders? Do you feel like you have tried everything you can to dig your way out of the darkness, but the light is still so far away? You want to feel alive again, but it seems too hard to keep going. Beginning your journey to mental well-being is a courageous step worth taking. Vanessa is committed to building strong therapeutic relationships, her approach is tailored to your specific needs, creating a safe and supportive space for you to navigate challenges, set and achieve goals, and develop coping skills.
Are you a veteran facing the challenges of PTSD, military sexual trauma, depression, anxiety, or co-occurring substance use disorders? Do you feel like you have tried everything you can to dig your way out of the darkness, but the light is still so far away? You want to feel alive again, but it seems too hard to keep going. Beginning your journey to mental well-being is a courageous step worth taking. Vanessa is committed to building strong therapeutic relationships, her approach is tailored to your specific needs, creating a safe and supportive space for you to navigate challenges, set and achieve goals, and develop coping skills.
(929) 429-4424 View (929) 429-4424
Photo of Shelly Sadon in New York, NY
Shelly Sadon
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Shelly practices from an empathetic and multiculturally sensitive perspective. Her clinical interests include anxiety, crisis and trauma, sexuality and sexual issues, and substance abuse and addiction.
Shelly practices from an empathetic and multiculturally sensitive perspective. Her clinical interests include anxiety, crisis and trauma, sexuality and sexual issues, and substance abuse and addiction.
(929) 470-6628 View (929) 470-6628
Photo of Mickie Diamond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Mickie Diamond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128
I have had significant success helping clients deal with issues such as relationships, loss, aging, trauma, body image, career development, stress management, depression, anxiety, illness, personal growth and what I call "behavioral decluttering", ( illiminating old and unwanted behaviors). My style as a therapist is to help clients identify those areas of their lives which are most troubling and then develop specific goals to ensure that therapy produces important life changing results. The ultimate goal is for clients to eventually serve as their own therapists, applying what they learned in therapy to lead more fulfilling lives.
I have had significant success helping clients deal with issues such as relationships, loss, aging, trauma, body image, career development, stress management, depression, anxiety, illness, personal growth and what I call "behavioral decluttering", ( illiminating old and unwanted behaviors). My style as a therapist is to help clients identify those areas of their lives which are most troubling and then develop specific goals to ensure that therapy produces important life changing results. The ultimate goal is for clients to eventually serve as their own therapists, applying what they learned in therapy to lead more fulfilling lives.
(347) 679-8780 View (347) 679-8780
Photo of Ellen Levine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Ellen Levine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024
Why do people seek help? I think people in great pain have somehow lost their ability to navigate in the world. Depression, anxiety, and fear renders a person helpless and one cannot summon their old ways of being. Recent trauma or unresolved issues can suddenly alienate a person from themselves. Often people are wrestling with unexamined fears or emotions that have long been dissociated. In the safety of the therapeutic space, the client can confront that which is most difficult with the aim of once again feeling whole, thus able to pursue, with energy and pleasure, their work and relationships.
Why do people seek help? I think people in great pain have somehow lost their ability to navigate in the world. Depression, anxiety, and fear renders a person helpless and one cannot summon their old ways of being. Recent trauma or unresolved issues can suddenly alienate a person from themselves. Often people are wrestling with unexamined fears or emotions that have long been dissociated. In the safety of the therapeutic space, the client can confront that which is most difficult with the aim of once again feeling whole, thus able to pursue, with energy and pleasure, their work and relationships.
(646) 351-1577 View (646) 351-1577
Photo of Judy Steinfeld, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Judy Steinfeld
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW, CCH
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
Discover practical and empowering strategies to open up the possibility of loving life again. If you want more than traditional therapy, if you’re stuck in an emotional pattern and feel like you can’t get free, if you want help and support, it’s the perfect time to explore what you really desire in your life, what will bring you happiness and joy. And take a look at how your old tapes and programming have been “driving” and creating separation, pain, fear, anxieties and suffering.
Discover practical and empowering strategies to open up the possibility of loving life again. If you want more than traditional therapy, if you’re stuck in an emotional pattern and feel like you can’t get free, if you want help and support, it’s the perfect time to explore what you really desire in your life, what will bring you happiness and joy. And take a look at how your old tapes and programming have been “driving” and creating separation, pain, fear, anxieties and suffering.
(845) 630-0767 View (845) 630-0767
Photo of Julia Lesh, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Julia Lesh
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
In my practice, I place a strong emphasis on the therapeutic relationship, creating a safe and supportive environment. I believe that humans are inherently social creatures, and that our sense of self is shaped by our interactions with others. With warmth and curiosity, we will explore your feelings, your relationships, your past, and what's happening in the here and now. My work is based on relational psychodynamic psychotherapy, but incorporates IFS, DBT, and CBT.
In my practice, I place a strong emphasis on the therapeutic relationship, creating a safe and supportive environment. I believe that humans are inherently social creatures, and that our sense of self is shaped by our interactions with others. With warmth and curiosity, we will explore your feelings, your relationships, your past, and what's happening in the here and now. My work is based on relational psychodynamic psychotherapy, but incorporates IFS, DBT, and CBT.
(332) 244-3906 View (332) 244-3906
Photo of Lucie Gibson, Counselor in New York, NY
Lucie Gibson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10023  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing low mood, no joy and lack of motivation, anxious thoughts, or uncontrollable worries? Are your emotions feeling distressing or overwhelming? Is your transition into motherhood not what you expected? Are you seeking support through a divorce or a separation? Do you need help navigating a significant loss, or perhaps you are seeking healing from a trauma? Or maybe you are just feeling “not quite right” and would like help figuring out what is going on and how to move into a better place? If your answer was yes to any of the above, therapy can help you.
Are you experiencing low mood, no joy and lack of motivation, anxious thoughts, or uncontrollable worries? Are your emotions feeling distressing or overwhelming? Is your transition into motherhood not what you expected? Are you seeking support through a divorce or a separation? Do you need help navigating a significant loss, or perhaps you are seeking healing from a trauma? Or maybe you are just feeling “not quite right” and would like help figuring out what is going on and how to move into a better place? If your answer was yes to any of the above, therapy can help you.
(845) 318-1203 View (845) 318-1203
Photo of John Krachenfels, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
John Krachenfels
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10022
Have you wondered whether you would benefit from in-person therapy? I offer a phone consultation to answer any questions you may have. I can assist you in resolving challenges and becoming your own therapist by teaching you how to overcome obstacles to succeed. I am skilled at helping high-functioning adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, career issues, addiction issues, academic issues, and goal attainment. My approach is solution-focused. Sessions are tailored to your specific needs. I am approachable and genuine. My clients usually see reduced symptoms and improved well-being early on in treatment.
Have you wondered whether you would benefit from in-person therapy? I offer a phone consultation to answer any questions you may have. I can assist you in resolving challenges and becoming your own therapist by teaching you how to overcome obstacles to succeed. I am skilled at helping high-functioning adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, career issues, addiction issues, academic issues, and goal attainment. My approach is solution-focused. Sessions are tailored to your specific needs. I am approachable and genuine. My clients usually see reduced symptoms and improved well-being early on in treatment.
(646) 760-3654 View (646) 760-3654
Photo of Katherine Lee, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Katherine Lee, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
I have been working in private practice for the last ten years. A common type of client I see is someone who did quite well academically as a student and faces challenges when it comes to the more nebulous and messy arenas of adult life, particularly in careers and relationships. Oftentimes, the questions and choices one faces with no clear roadmap can feel overwhelming and isolating. I specialize in areas such as dating, attachment issues, polyamory, struggling with a break-up/divorce, infidelity, boundary setting with loved ones, job stress and confusion around career path, sexual identity, and generalized anxiety and depression.
I have been working in private practice for the last ten years. A common type of client I see is someone who did quite well academically as a student and faces challenges when it comes to the more nebulous and messy arenas of adult life, particularly in careers and relationships. Oftentimes, the questions and choices one faces with no clear roadmap can feel overwhelming and isolating. I specialize in areas such as dating, attachment issues, polyamory, struggling with a break-up/divorce, infidelity, boundary setting with loved ones, job stress and confusion around career path, sexual identity, and generalized anxiety and depression.
(347) 830-7088 View (347) 830-7088

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.