Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

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Photo of Kathryn Kupillas, MA, LMFT, EMDR, RLT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathryn Kupillas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMDR, RLT
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90027
You have an innate sense of wholeness and an ability to heal and grow––therapy is a unique process that facilitates the reconnection and restoration of your authentic self. The suffering we experience can become a gift if we work through it. I'm here to help you uncover what is getting in the way, supporting you in working toward clarity, self-acceptance as well as courageously shed that which no longer serves you. I take a holistic, integrative approach to facilitate the mind-body-spirit connection so that you may live a richer, more meaningful life.
You have an innate sense of wholeness and an ability to heal and grow––therapy is a unique process that facilitates the reconnection and restoration of your authentic self. The suffering we experience can become a gift if we work through it. I'm here to help you uncover what is getting in the way, supporting you in working toward clarity, self-acceptance as well as courageously shed that which no longer serves you. I take a holistic, integrative approach to facilitate the mind-body-spirit connection so that you may live a richer, more meaningful life.
(213) 468-0301 View (213) 468-0301
Photo of Hanne Steen, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Hanne Steen
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90039
I hold space for individual adults, couples, children, and adolescents. From depression and anxiety, to life transitions, addiction, identity and relationship problems, I start wherever the client is and work collaboratively towards understanding. Whatever the obstacles between a client and their sense of meaning, purpose, authenticity or alignment, I help them move towards growth and change. I bring awareness and sensitivity to systemic oppression and intergenerational trauma that affect us all in different ways, and I respect the inherent wisdom of my clients' psyches to strive towards wholeness.
I hold space for individual adults, couples, children, and adolescents. From depression and anxiety, to life transitions, addiction, identity and relationship problems, I start wherever the client is and work collaboratively towards understanding. Whatever the obstacles between a client and their sense of meaning, purpose, authenticity or alignment, I help them move towards growth and change. I bring awareness and sensitivity to systemic oppression and intergenerational trauma that affect us all in different ways, and I respect the inherent wisdom of my clients' psyches to strive towards wholeness.
(323) 612-0141 View (323) 612-0141
Photo of Rick Lepore, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rick Lepore
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90046
Interested in exploring Body Psychotherapy? Somatic interventions can make a difference. Contemporary neuroscience shows how all aspects of our awareness are linked with our physiology and biology. I provide interventions which directly impact these systems, and how you feel and behave. This enhances your capacity for genuine connection with others, and allows you to make Inherently satisfying choices about how you live your life.
Interested in exploring Body Psychotherapy? Somatic interventions can make a difference. Contemporary neuroscience shows how all aspects of our awareness are linked with our physiology and biology. I provide interventions which directly impact these systems, and how you feel and behave. This enhances your capacity for genuine connection with others, and allows you to make Inherently satisfying choices about how you live your life.
(310) 751-7079 View (310) 751-7079
Photo of Nicholas Berry, MS, LMFT, 108674, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nicholas Berry
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, 108674
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90048
Ever wonder what it would be like to get to the root of why you keep struggling? Do you feel like coping skills and distractions are just not enough or that you are always going to have to use them in order to get through your day? I firmly believe that we are trapped by underlying issues such as early childhood experiences, trauma, insecurities, as well as bad relationships. Having gone through the difficult work of identifying how my own past has contributed to continued dysfunction in my day-to-day routine, as well as continued repetition of patterns in relationships, I know first-hand what one experiences.
Ever wonder what it would be like to get to the root of why you keep struggling? Do you feel like coping skills and distractions are just not enough or that you are always going to have to use them in order to get through your day? I firmly believe that we are trapped by underlying issues such as early childhood experiences, trauma, insecurities, as well as bad relationships. Having gone through the difficult work of identifying how my own past has contributed to continued dysfunction in my day-to-day routine, as well as continued repetition of patterns in relationships, I know first-hand what one experiences.
(424) 293-7488 View (424) 293-7488
Photo of Hana Go, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Hana Go
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90029  (Online Only)
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist working primarily with children, teens, and young adults through a wide range of challenges. My specializations include working with individuals experiencing issues related to self-esteem, mild depression, anxiety, and life transitions. I also have extensive experience working with issues that result from traumatic experiences as I am trained in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. My therapeutic goal is to meet you in your unique experience to create a safe space that encourages freedom of self-expression without judgment to promote a sense of being seen, heard, and understood.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist working primarily with children, teens, and young adults through a wide range of challenges. My specializations include working with individuals experiencing issues related to self-esteem, mild depression, anxiety, and life transitions. I also have extensive experience working with issues that result from traumatic experiences as I am trained in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. My therapeutic goal is to meet you in your unique experience to create a safe space that encourages freedom of self-expression without judgment to promote a sense of being seen, heard, and understood.
(818) 514-1293 View (818) 514-1293
Photo of Susan Abdel-Haq, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Susan Abdel-Haq
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90042  (Online Only)
Accepting new Clients! You are finally ready to start therapy again and try something new. You are noticing your anxious attachment style and desire to have more confidence. You have struggled to find a Therapist that you feel understands you and you place a lot of value on your mental health. You struggle with how you feel about yourself and feeling good in your relationships. You find yourself in a lot of one sided relationships and can't understand why. You've been in treatment before and are ready to continue working on yourself.
Accepting new Clients! You are finally ready to start therapy again and try something new. You are noticing your anxious attachment style and desire to have more confidence. You have struggled to find a Therapist that you feel understands you and you place a lot of value on your mental health. You struggle with how you feel about yourself and feeling good in your relationships. You find yourself in a lot of one sided relationships and can't understand why. You've been in treatment before and are ready to continue working on yourself.
(805) 243-1600 View (805) 243-1600
Photo of Emma Ravdin, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Emma Ravdin
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Emma is a compassionate and dedicated therapist specializing in supporting individuals with chronic pain, anxiety, depression and relationship issues. Driven by a deep desire to help individuals regain control over their lives, Emma employs a holistic approach to therapy, addressing both the physical and emotional aspects of chronic pain and overwhelm from life’s ups and downs. She understands that chronic pain can significantly impact every aspect of a person’s life, from relationships to work, and she is committed to providing her clients with the tools and support they need to thrive.
Emma is a compassionate and dedicated therapist specializing in supporting individuals with chronic pain, anxiety, depression and relationship issues. Driven by a deep desire to help individuals regain control over their lives, Emma employs a holistic approach to therapy, addressing both the physical and emotional aspects of chronic pain and overwhelm from life’s ups and downs. She understands that chronic pain can significantly impact every aspect of a person’s life, from relationships to work, and she is committed to providing her clients with the tools and support they need to thrive.
(310) 872-1909 View (310) 872-1909
Photo of Daniel Factor, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Daniel Factor
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90048
Here's what I want you to know: You were born ready and able to be happy, and have a satisfying life--that's natures way. And, yet, at any point in life there can be many 'causes & reasons' for life turning in a different direction; and there can be many kinds of 'symptoms & behaviors’ that emerge when things go sideways; and when this occurs, we all can use some support to get back on track. For right now, just know that reaching for support is itself a sign of strength, and is also built into our human nature.
Here's what I want you to know: You were born ready and able to be happy, and have a satisfying life--that's natures way. And, yet, at any point in life there can be many 'causes & reasons' for life turning in a different direction; and there can be many kinds of 'symptoms & behaviors’ that emerge when things go sideways; and when this occurs, we all can use some support to get back on track. For right now, just know that reaching for support is itself a sign of strength, and is also built into our human nature.
(424) 835-7970 View (424) 835-7970
Photo of Melanie Hall, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melanie Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90016
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I’ve worked in the mental health field in both a hospital and government setting for the past 14 years. I consider it a privilege to work with clients in helping them reach their goals in treatment. Life can be overwhelming for a number of reasons and it's natural to seek help to find clarity and stability. Using Solution Focused Therapy I can help you work through a crisis and better understand your feelings amid struggle. The journey can be hard and very emotional, but it is worth the time and energy you put in.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I’ve worked in the mental health field in both a hospital and government setting for the past 14 years. I consider it a privilege to work with clients in helping them reach their goals in treatment. Life can be overwhelming for a number of reasons and it's natural to seek help to find clarity and stability. Using Solution Focused Therapy I can help you work through a crisis and better understand your feelings amid struggle. The journey can be hard and very emotional, but it is worth the time and energy you put in.
(650) 977-1716 View (650) 977-1716
Photo of Natalie Merlino, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Natalie Merlino
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90045  (Online Only)
The desire for healing is a natural part of the human experience that is felt at all stages of life. I provide a safe, nonjudgmental space for you to share your story with your unique goals and needs in mind. Through an integrative yet family systems-oriented approach to treatment, I am passionate about serving as a fellow traveler on your journey towards growth. My therapeutic background consists of assisting children, adults, couples, and families both in person and virtually. I offer teletherapy services to adolescents, teens, adults, families, and couples while being located in a confidential and quiet environment.
The desire for healing is a natural part of the human experience that is felt at all stages of life. I provide a safe, nonjudgmental space for you to share your story with your unique goals and needs in mind. Through an integrative yet family systems-oriented approach to treatment, I am passionate about serving as a fellow traveler on your journey towards growth. My therapeutic background consists of assisting children, adults, couples, and families both in person and virtually. I offer teletherapy services to adolescents, teens, adults, families, and couples while being located in a confidential and quiet environment.
(213) 370-5075 View (213) 370-5075
Photo of Brian Carpenter, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Brian Carpenter
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
17 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90048  (Online Only)
I work with individuals and couples. I address such questions as: Are you having difficulties in your relationships? Do you experience anxiety or depression? Do you just want to feel better about yourself and reach your full potential? And I'm especially qualified to help Creative and LGBT people. Are you a Creative person with high standards for yourself or who has a hard time dealing with rejection? As a long-time member of SAG-AFTRA, I help you to recognize that being creative is hard and to strive for excellence instead of "perfection."
I work with individuals and couples. I address such questions as: Are you having difficulties in your relationships? Do you experience anxiety or depression? Do you just want to feel better about yourself and reach your full potential? And I'm especially qualified to help Creative and LGBT people. Are you a Creative person with high standards for yourself or who has a hard time dealing with rejection? As a long-time member of SAG-AFTRA, I help you to recognize that being creative is hard and to strive for excellence instead of "perfection."
(323) 498-1290 View (323) 498-1290
Photo of Stephanie Castillo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Castillo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90024  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I aim to help clients build healthy relationships with themselves and others by promoting authenticity, empathy, self-love, boundaries, and awareness to facilitate positive, lasting change. I focus on establishing a natural and accepting setting where clients can freely express themselves, and work through their challenges, insecurities, and fears while feeling safe and accepted. I use a combination of evidence-based practices, modalities, and interventions customized to each client's specific needs.
As a therapist, I aim to help clients build healthy relationships with themselves and others by promoting authenticity, empathy, self-love, boundaries, and awareness to facilitate positive, lasting change. I focus on establishing a natural and accepting setting where clients can freely express themselves, and work through their challenges, insecurities, and fears while feeling safe and accepted. I use a combination of evidence-based practices, modalities, and interventions customized to each client's specific needs.
(424) 955-6184 View (424) 955-6184
Photo of Michael Latimer, LMFT, CPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michael Latimer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CPCC
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90036
I have been in practice for over 19 years, helping clients to explore and resolve relationship issues, as well as anxiety, depression, trauma, and addiction. My work is client-centered, which attempts to tailor the therapeutic approach to the needs of the client. I incorporate Cognitive-Behavioral techniques, Mindfulness Practice, Narrative Therapy and Attachment Theory, which looks at the ways in which childhood experiences may affect one's relationship to self and others.
I have been in practice for over 19 years, helping clients to explore and resolve relationship issues, as well as anxiety, depression, trauma, and addiction. My work is client-centered, which attempts to tailor the therapeutic approach to the needs of the client. I incorporate Cognitive-Behavioral techniques, Mindfulness Practice, Narrative Therapy and Attachment Theory, which looks at the ways in which childhood experiences may affect one's relationship to self and others.
(424) 294-8893 View (424) 294-8893
Photo of Jean Pappalardo - Be Curious Therapy, Jean Pappalardo, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Be Curious Therapy, Jean Pappalardo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90066  (Online Only)
I work with clients in CA and FL. I provide individual (not couples) therapy to curious people who are ready to get to work! I specialize in working with Black, POC, & LGBTQIA+ individuals and Fat/bigger-bodied people of all genders.
I work with clients in CA and FL. I provide individual (not couples) therapy to curious people who are ready to get to work! I specialize in working with Black, POC, & LGBTQIA+ individuals and Fat/bigger-bodied people of all genders.
(310) 425-3783 View (310) 425-3783
Photo of Anabell Galindo-Guerrero, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anabell Galindo-Guerrero
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90003
Hello, my name is Anabell Galindo-Guerrero. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in working with adults to overcome difficult feelings. Experience in assisting clients process their feelings with new and existing physical conditions, depression, stress, and anxiety. By creating a safe, client-centric space to express existing emotions I work with clients to heal and manage their feelings.
Hello, my name is Anabell Galindo-Guerrero. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in working with adults to overcome difficult feelings. Experience in assisting clients process their feelings with new and existing physical conditions, depression, stress, and anxiety. By creating a safe, client-centric space to express existing emotions I work with clients to heal and manage their feelings.
(323) 784-1774 View (323) 784-1774
Photo of Sarah Stevens, PsyD, Psychologist
Sarah Stevens
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90004
As Clinical Director of a specialized anxiety institute in Los Angeles that served individuals from all over the world, I have worked for years to improve the lives of those affected by various manifestations of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Today, I individually tailor the most innovative, research-validated treatments for anxiety in my private practice in Los Angeles, CA.
As Clinical Director of a specialized anxiety institute in Los Angeles that served individuals from all over the world, I have worked for years to improve the lives of those affected by various manifestations of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Today, I individually tailor the most innovative, research-validated treatments for anxiety in my private practice in Los Angeles, CA.
(310) 893-0513 View (310) 893-0513
Photo of Michelle Torres, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Torres
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I earned my Master of Social Work from California State University, Fullerton. With nine years of professional experience, I have assisted patients dealing with anxiety, depression, identity issues, and trauma. Additionally, I have experience supporting LGBTQIA+ individuals through their transition process. I have worked with adults and worked in outpatient settings.
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I earned my Master of Social Work from California State University, Fullerton. With nine years of professional experience, I have assisted patients dealing with anxiety, depression, identity issues, and trauma. Additionally, I have experience supporting LGBTQIA+ individuals through their transition process. I have worked with adults and worked in outpatient settings.
(562) 268-0919 View (562) 268-0919
Photo of Stephanie Colantonio, MD
Stephanie Colantonio
MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
I am a board certified medical doctor in Los Angeles offering integrative care to young adults and adolescents, with a focus on reproductive health. We work together as a team to examine the root cause of illness. This means learning who you are as a whole person - body, spirit, and mind. I combine conventional medicine with a focus on nutrition, mind-body medicine, and herbalism. Prescriptions are used as appropriate, but not as bandaids to mask problems. We are excited to announce that we are now offering ketamine assisted psychotherapy to patients who are interested, as part of a holistic approach to medicine.
I am a board certified medical doctor in Los Angeles offering integrative care to young adults and adolescents, with a focus on reproductive health. We work together as a team to examine the root cause of illness. This means learning who you are as a whole person - body, spirit, and mind. I combine conventional medicine with a focus on nutrition, mind-body medicine, and herbalism. Prescriptions are used as appropriate, but not as bandaids to mask problems. We are excited to announce that we are now offering ketamine assisted psychotherapy to patients who are interested, as part of a holistic approach to medicine.
(818) 350-5325 View (818) 350-5325
Photo of Robert Fitzgerald, Marriage & Family Therapist
Robert Fitzgerald
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90048
My goal is to build a collaborative, therapeutic relationship to help you achieve your goals and to live with greater happiness, fulfillment, and peace. I believe that you are the expert in your life- what I can offer is nonjudgmental presence, empathy, and unconditional positive regard to create a safe place and accompany you in exploring difficult emotions, past traumas, stressors - whatever is coming up for you (or at you! ). You can bring it here. I look forward to joining you. I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have worked in a variety of settings and with diverse client populations.
My goal is to build a collaborative, therapeutic relationship to help you achieve your goals and to live with greater happiness, fulfillment, and peace. I believe that you are the expert in your life- what I can offer is nonjudgmental presence, empathy, and unconditional positive regard to create a safe place and accompany you in exploring difficult emotions, past traumas, stressors - whatever is coming up for you (or at you! ). You can bring it here. I look forward to joining you. I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have worked in a variety of settings and with diverse client populations.
(323) 940-5955 View (323) 940-5955
Photo of Dr. Doug Polster, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Doug Polster
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90034
My clients come to me for practical, tangible guidance and support on how to overcome the challenges they face. I use an evidenced based approach, combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, that helps clients regain control of their lives, reduce unhelpful racing thoughts, and develop resiliency and confidence. Unlike traditional "talk therapy," where much your time is spent discussing vague concepts, my approach is to create realistic, attainable solutions and help you identify the roadmap to achieve them. About half of my practice involves working with teens/young adults and half with adults.
My clients come to me for practical, tangible guidance and support on how to overcome the challenges they face. I use an evidenced based approach, combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, that helps clients regain control of their lives, reduce unhelpful racing thoughts, and develop resiliency and confidence. Unlike traditional "talk therapy," where much your time is spent discussing vague concepts, my approach is to create realistic, attainable solutions and help you identify the roadmap to achieve them. About half of my practice involves working with teens/young adults and half with adults.
(424) 384-1533 View (424) 384-1533
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Los Angeles, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
73% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Los Angeles, CA see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Los Angeles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.