Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Robyn Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Robyn Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Stress and difficulties can occur throughout the lifespan. I provide client-centered therapy to support wellness in older children and teens, families, and adults, both individually and as couples. Therapy can be a space to develop your strengths and resilience to cope. Together, we can address issues that are getting in the way of feeling satisfied or fulfilled in your life. My areas of clinical interest include anxiety, stress, depression, identity, connection, and trauma. I also facilitate social anxiety groups.
Stress and difficulties can occur throughout the lifespan. I provide client-centered therapy to support wellness in older children and teens, families, and adults, both individually and as couples. Therapy can be a space to develop your strengths and resilience to cope. Together, we can address issues that are getting in the way of feeling satisfied or fulfilled in your life. My areas of clinical interest include anxiety, stress, depression, identity, connection, and trauma. I also facilitate social anxiety groups.
(267) 274-2654 View (267) 274-2654
Photo of Diana Jiorle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Diana Jiorle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Diana Jiorle is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with more than 5 years of experience. She specializes in working with adults and couples suffering from anxiety relationship and marriage problems, depression, low self-esteem, and more. Diana can provide Christian counseling to clients who prefer to incorporate biblical truth and prayer alongside research-backed approaches to therapy, too. Diana completed her Master's Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Regent University-Virginia Beach.
Diana Jiorle is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with more than 5 years of experience. She specializes in working with adults and couples suffering from anxiety relationship and marriage problems, depression, low self-esteem, and more. Diana can provide Christian counseling to clients who prefer to incorporate biblical truth and prayer alongside research-backed approaches to therapy, too. Diana completed her Master's Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Regent University-Virginia Beach.
(484) 759-9441 View (484) 759-9441
Photo of Leah Cash, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Leah Cash
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19122
My diverse background across various settings in healthcare, education, and community engagement allows me to create a safe, comfortable, and inclusive space for individuals seeking support and growth. My goal as a therapist is not only to provide guidance and support but to be a catalyst for positive change, empowering individuals to discover their inner resilience and lead fulfilling lives. Being a therapist is a commitment to understanding, empathy, and growth, with the unwavering belief that every individual has the potential for profound transformation.
My diverse background across various settings in healthcare, education, and community engagement allows me to create a safe, comfortable, and inclusive space for individuals seeking support and growth. My goal as a therapist is not only to provide guidance and support but to be a catalyst for positive change, empowering individuals to discover their inner resilience and lead fulfilling lives. Being a therapist is a commitment to understanding, empathy, and growth, with the unwavering belief that every individual has the potential for profound transformation.
(267) 551-6281 View (267) 551-6281
Photo of Rachel Wolff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Rachel Wolff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19118
Welcome! I’m Rachel, a licensed psychotherapist dedicated to helping adolescents and early adults on their journeys towards well-being and personal growth. The worlds of adolescence and early adulthood can feel exciting, overwhelming, confusing, and empowering all at the same time. During these complicated and transformative years, it can be helpful to have extra support and guidance. I work collaboratively with clients to develop personalized strategies for overcoming challenges related to interpersonal concerns/relational issues, anxiety, self-esteem, post-traumatic stress, grief and loss, depression, and life transitions.
Welcome! I’m Rachel, a licensed psychotherapist dedicated to helping adolescents and early adults on their journeys towards well-being and personal growth. The worlds of adolescence and early adulthood can feel exciting, overwhelming, confusing, and empowering all at the same time. During these complicated and transformative years, it can be helpful to have extra support and guidance. I work collaboratively with clients to develop personalized strategies for overcoming challenges related to interpersonal concerns/relational issues, anxiety, self-esteem, post-traumatic stress, grief and loss, depression, and life transitions.
(215) 372-8759 View (215) 372-8759
Photo of Nicole Lewis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Nicole Lewis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
People generally don't seek therapy because life is going smoothly. I'm sorry you've been struggling. Working together we can identify and highlight your strengths to help you move through the world with less stress and struggle. Building resilience will assist you in managing shame, doubt, guilt, and trauma from your past and help you move forward. Our sessions will generally feel like a conversation with a trusted friend as we navigate stressors and old narratives that are currently affecting you.
People generally don't seek therapy because life is going smoothly. I'm sorry you've been struggling. Working together we can identify and highlight your strengths to help you move through the world with less stress and struggle. Building resilience will assist you in managing shame, doubt, guilt, and trauma from your past and help you move forward. Our sessions will generally feel like a conversation with a trusted friend as we navigate stressors and old narratives that are currently affecting you.
(267) 356-5813 View (267) 356-5813
Photo of Carinthia Bank, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Carinthia Bank
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MSc
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
I view our sessions as opportunities to co-create a warm space where your whole self is welcome to be present for our work. Together, we can explore who you are and how you can build sustainable patterns for a life that feels meaningful and rewarding. I offer support for concerns such as balance in a life of rigorous performance, identity clarification and development, and navigating a variety of challenges and stuck points. While I have specialization in athlete and performing artist career transitions, I also value the opportunity to meet with a variety of people with different life experiences.
I view our sessions as opportunities to co-create a warm space where your whole self is welcome to be present for our work. Together, we can explore who you are and how you can build sustainable patterns for a life that feels meaningful and rewarding. I offer support for concerns such as balance in a life of rigorous performance, identity clarification and development, and navigating a variety of challenges and stuck points. While I have specialization in athlete and performing artist career transitions, I also value the opportunity to meet with a variety of people with different life experiences.
(267) 296-8282 View (267) 296-8282
Photo of Ellise Milburn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Ellise Milburn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NBCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19154  (Online Only)
I help adults gain a sense of relief and peace from symptoms caused by difficult life situations. I work with you to feel safe in experiencing your feelings and reactions using strategies that help you regulate the nervous system by opening your awareness to connect the mind and body. I will guide you through the processes of connecting with others in more healthy ways by creating safe and healthy boundaries, discovering ways to enjoy day to day activities, and strengthening your voice!
I help adults gain a sense of relief and peace from symptoms caused by difficult life situations. I work with you to feel safe in experiencing your feelings and reactions using strategies that help you regulate the nervous system by opening your awareness to connect the mind and body. I will guide you through the processes of connecting with others in more healthy ways by creating safe and healthy boundaries, discovering ways to enjoy day to day activities, and strengthening your voice!
(215) 774-5017 View (215) 774-5017
Photo of Peter Andrew Danzig, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Peter Andrew Danzig
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, MSS, MA, CTP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Psychotherapist, toy analyst, Senior Leadership Strategist, and Diversity and Inclusion Professional in the Greater Philadelphia region. Peter’s research and practice interests are invested in community mental health, theories on adult play and the ways it frames our social interactions, and trauma informed work with clients and artists/creatives. Peter’s clinical approach is rooted in holistic, relational and humanistic theory. Peter’s research and Op-Eds have been featured in the ​Psychology Today, The Wall Street Journal, Philadelphia Gay News, The Mighty, and others.
Psychotherapist, toy analyst, Senior Leadership Strategist, and Diversity and Inclusion Professional in the Greater Philadelphia region. Peter’s research and practice interests are invested in community mental health, theories on adult play and the ways it frames our social interactions, and trauma informed work with clients and artists/creatives. Peter’s clinical approach is rooted in holistic, relational and humanistic theory. Peter’s research and Op-Eds have been featured in the ​Psychology Today, The Wall Street Journal, Philadelphia Gay News, The Mighty, and others.
(610) 632-1303 View (610) 632-1303
Photo of Kristin M Jackson, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Kristin M Jackson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing difficulty moving forward with life after trauma, loss or unanticipated setbacks in life? Do anxiety and worry prevent you from fully engaging and living the life you want to live? I enjoy helping survivors of trauma and loss and those struggling with anxiety, depression and adjustment disorders heal from past experiences and develop confidence and courage to navigate life's challenges. I treat individuals of all ages with a variety of backgrounds and experiences. I especially enjoy working with children and adolescents who are struggling with anxiety.
Are you experiencing difficulty moving forward with life after trauma, loss or unanticipated setbacks in life? Do anxiety and worry prevent you from fully engaging and living the life you want to live? I enjoy helping survivors of trauma and loss and those struggling with anxiety, depression and adjustment disorders heal from past experiences and develop confidence and courage to navigate life's challenges. I treat individuals of all ages with a variety of backgrounds and experiences. I especially enjoy working with children and adolescents who are struggling with anxiety.
(484) 261-1215 View (484) 261-1215
Photo of Michael Sugar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Michael Sugar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106  (Online Only)
My therapeutic approach utilizes a Narrative perspective while blending Cognitive and Mindfulness models. I use these perspectives to tailor a wellness plan that fits your needs. I emphasize expression and a holistic approach.
My therapeutic approach utilizes a Narrative perspective while blending Cognitive and Mindfulness models. I use these perspectives to tailor a wellness plan that fits your needs. I emphasize expression and a holistic approach.
(215) 458-5680 View (215) 458-5680
Photo of Ariana Zeno Individual And Couples Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Ariana Zeno Individual And Couples Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MCP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146  (Online Only)
You may find yourself feeling stuck, struggling with unsatisfying relationships, or wanting to feel more connected to yourself and others. Together we will work on co-creating an environment most conducive to what you need to feel safe and heard to heal and grow. My approach is compassionate, humorous and committed to helping you to live your life more fully. I enjoy working with adults and couples. I specialize in working with people experiencing anxiety, depression, ADHD, and queer folks exploring questions of gender identity and sexuality. Expertise working with parents/families of transgender folks.
You may find yourself feeling stuck, struggling with unsatisfying relationships, or wanting to feel more connected to yourself and others. Together we will work on co-creating an environment most conducive to what you need to feel safe and heard to heal and grow. My approach is compassionate, humorous and committed to helping you to live your life more fully. I enjoy working with adults and couples. I specialize in working with people experiencing anxiety, depression, ADHD, and queer folks exploring questions of gender identity and sexuality. Expertise working with parents/families of transgender folks.
(215) 660-3937 View (215) 660-3937
Photo of Merin Wexler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Merin Wexler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19128
We all have untapped resilience. Adversity can be a gift. As a therapist my goal is to help you live your life with better relationships, increased agency and more joy. Change is possible at any stage of life. We are all life-long learners, and we can begin to change when we feel understood. During the pandemic, I shifted my practice to a secure online platform. I was pleasantly surprised at the intimacy of that format. But nothing can replace meeting face-to-face, and so I work now both remote and in-person. Either way, three years after the initial crisis, still I wonder: Who doesn't feel the need for more human contact?
We all have untapped resilience. Adversity can be a gift. As a therapist my goal is to help you live your life with better relationships, increased agency and more joy. Change is possible at any stage of life. We are all life-long learners, and we can begin to change when we feel understood. During the pandemic, I shifted my practice to a secure online platform. I was pleasantly surprised at the intimacy of that format. But nothing can replace meeting face-to-face, and so I work now both remote and in-person. Either way, three years after the initial crisis, still I wonder: Who doesn't feel the need for more human contact?
(646) 846-8832 View (646) 846-8832
Photo of Jilana Jaxon, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Jilana Jaxon
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
My aim as a therapist is to foster a warm, non-judgmental, and collaborative space. I work closely with my clients to help them heal from life’s challenges and create the positive changes they’d like to see in their lives. I'd like to help you find your path to greater peace and wellness.
My aim as a therapist is to foster a warm, non-judgmental, and collaborative space. I work closely with my clients to help them heal from life’s challenges and create the positive changes they’d like to see in their lives. I'd like to help you find your path to greater peace and wellness.
(267) 489-1362 View (267) 489-1362
Photo of Stacy Cooper McCleaf, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Stacy Cooper McCleaf
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hi there! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Board-Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC) based out of Pennsylvania. I earned my Masters from Drexel University and have been practicing in the field for over 10 years. I collaborate with neurodivergent clients and their families/caregivers to identify and achieve their goals.
Hi there! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Board-Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC) based out of Pennsylvania. I earned my Masters from Drexel University and have been practicing in the field for over 10 years. I collaborate with neurodivergent clients and their families/caregivers to identify and achieve their goals.
(484) 989-9040 View (484) 989-9040
Photo of Melissa Brand, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Melissa Brand
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Parenting is one of life's greatest adventures. Amid the numerous books, experts, and voices out there it can be difficult to determine what to do when faced with a challenge. Parents of spirited, high-energy, rigid, anxious, or disruptive children or of those who carry diagnoses may feel alone with their challenges. As your psychologist, I offer empathy, support and a collaborative approach for fostering goodness-of-fit parenting in your family. That is, I help you to discover the most effective ways for you to parent your unique child.
Parenting is one of life's greatest adventures. Amid the numerous books, experts, and voices out there it can be difficult to determine what to do when faced with a challenge. Parents of spirited, high-energy, rigid, anxious, or disruptive children or of those who carry diagnoses may feel alone with their challenges. As your psychologist, I offer empathy, support and a collaborative approach for fostering goodness-of-fit parenting in your family. That is, I help you to discover the most effective ways for you to parent your unique child.
(267) 820-9551 View (267) 820-9551
Photo of Shellby Custer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Shellby Custer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Seeking support is an important step if you're facing the challenges of everyday life. The journey towards therapy may seem overwhelming at first, but it can significantly improve your mental well-being and personal growth. Taking the initiative to find peace and happiness is an accomplishment in itself. During this vulnerable time, having someone supportive and validating of your experiences is crucial. As someone who has worked as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) for over 20 years, I have had the privilege of helping people overcome anxiety, depression, and trauma.
Seeking support is an important step if you're facing the challenges of everyday life. The journey towards therapy may seem overwhelming at first, but it can significantly improve your mental well-being and personal growth. Taking the initiative to find peace and happiness is an accomplishment in itself. During this vulnerable time, having someone supportive and validating of your experiences is crucial. As someone who has worked as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) for over 20 years, I have had the privilege of helping people overcome anxiety, depression, and trauma.
(484) 285-4322 View (484) 285-4322
Photo of Cassandra Good, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Cassandra Good
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
My ideal client is someone who is coming to therapy wanting to connect the dots, find answers and understanding, and improve their current life experience. Their issues may focus on anxious feelings, depression, relationship issues, or difficulties with motivation. Their goals may reflect improving their quality of life, finding peace, and utilizing new, healthy coping skills.
My ideal client is someone who is coming to therapy wanting to connect the dots, find answers and understanding, and improve their current life experience. Their issues may focus on anxious feelings, depression, relationship issues, or difficulties with motivation. Their goals may reflect improving their quality of life, finding peace, and utilizing new, healthy coping skills.
(267) 619-8834 View (267) 619-8834
Photo of Karen Keating, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Karen Keating
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147
I am a dedicated therapist pursuing the LPC Track at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Mental Health Counseling. My journey has been molded by my deep comprehension of the human experience, acquired through my education and personal development. Fueled by a fervent passion for aiding others in traversing their inner realms, I stand as a staunch supporter of healing, growth, and fostering connections.
I am a dedicated therapist pursuing the LPC Track at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Mental Health Counseling. My journey has been molded by my deep comprehension of the human experience, acquired through my education and personal development. Fueled by a fervent passion for aiding others in traversing their inner realms, I stand as a staunch supporter of healing, growth, and fostering connections.
(267) 360-7465 View (267) 360-7465
Photo of Gwenn Prinbeck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Gwenn Prinbeck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, PCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146
A loving, self-aware, and compassionate relationship with yourself is a sturdy foundation from which to experience the world. Sometimes we struggle to develop self compassion, or our kind connection with ourselves becomes dampened. I offer support to individuals, children ten years and older, couples and families who are looking for support in connecting with themselves and others. I strive to create a trusting and non-judgmental therapeutic space for safe exploration, learning, and growth, and I work hard to connect to each client's intricacies.
A loving, self-aware, and compassionate relationship with yourself is a sturdy foundation from which to experience the world. Sometimes we struggle to develop self compassion, or our kind connection with ourselves becomes dampened. I offer support to individuals, children ten years and older, couples and families who are looking for support in connecting with themselves and others. I strive to create a trusting and non-judgmental therapeutic space for safe exploration, learning, and growth, and I work hard to connect to each client's intricacies.
(610) 890-8252 x100 View (610) 890-8252 x100
Photo of Hider Shaaban, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Hider Shaaban
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Whether it is trauma, depression, anxiety, OCD, identity issues, ADHD, relationship problems, or anything in between that you are currently struggling with, it would be my pleasure to guide and help you through it. It may be a challenge sometimes to find a therapist who can meet your needs, which is why, in my opinion, the first and most important goal to accomplish together is a strong rapport. This will pave the way for you to have an environment that you can feel comfortable in, and for us to make progress in whichever area in your life that you need help and support with.
Whether it is trauma, depression, anxiety, OCD, identity issues, ADHD, relationship problems, or anything in between that you are currently struggling with, it would be my pleasure to guide and help you through it. It may be a challenge sometimes to find a therapist who can meet your needs, which is why, in my opinion, the first and most important goal to accomplish together is a strong rapport. This will pave the way for you to have an environment that you can feel comfortable in, and for us to make progress in whichever area in your life that you need help and support with.
(484) 669-7067 View (484) 669-7067

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.