Therapists in Bala Cynwyd, PA

Photo of Dr. Jill C Morris, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Dr. Jill C Morris
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi, I'm Dr. Jill Morris, and my mission is to help you strengthen and transform your relationships. With over 30 years of experience, I have dedicated my career to guiding individuals, couples, and families through the complexities of their interpersonal connections. I integrate various theories and techniques tailored to meet the unique needs of each client. Relationships can be challenging, but they can also be incredibly rewarding, and I'm here to help you navigate those challenges, achieve clarity, and foster positive change so you can have the fulfilling relationships you desire at home, with your family or at work.
Hi, I'm Dr. Jill Morris, and my mission is to help you strengthen and transform your relationships. With over 30 years of experience, I have dedicated my career to guiding individuals, couples, and families through the complexities of their interpersonal connections. I integrate various theories and techniques tailored to meet the unique needs of each client. Relationships can be challenging, but they can also be incredibly rewarding, and I'm here to help you navigate those challenges, achieve clarity, and foster positive change so you can have the fulfilling relationships you desire at home, with your family or at work.
(484) 864-6727 View (484) 864-6727
Photo of Steven B Glazier, Psychologist, MA
Steven B Glazier
Psychologist, MA
2 Endorsed
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Are you worried about your child's development? Is he/she struggling in social, emotional and/or academic areas? Is discipline a problem? I am a Psychologist with 25 years of experience in helping children and families flourish and I am confident that I can help. Parenting is probably the most challenging thing we will ever do and there is no "how to" book that could possibly cover the complexity of situations that arise. When our children struggle to meet the demands of our world, assistance may be needed.
Are you worried about your child's development? Is he/she struggling in social, emotional and/or academic areas? Is discipline a problem? I am a Psychologist with 25 years of experience in helping children and families flourish and I am confident that I can help. Parenting is probably the most challenging thing we will ever do and there is no "how to" book that could possibly cover the complexity of situations that arise. When our children struggle to meet the demands of our world, assistance may be needed.
(215) 378-9162 View (215) 378-9162
Photo of Sarah Halpern, Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, LMFT, CST
Sarah Halpern
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, LMFT, CST
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
If you are reading this, you have already begun your journey towards transformation. Change happens from the inside out. It starts with a desire or longing for something in your life to be different. If you are single or in a relationship and looking for enhanced connection with another or greater understanding of yourself, I would be honored to work with you, beside you and support you in the process of growth, healing and discovery.
If you are reading this, you have already begun your journey towards transformation. Change happens from the inside out. It starts with a desire or longing for something in your life to be different. If you are single or in a relationship and looking for enhanced connection with another or greater understanding of yourself, I would be honored to work with you, beside you and support you in the process of growth, healing and discovery.
(610) 981-1554 View (610) 981-1554
Photo of Isaac Garfield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Isaac Garfield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
7 Endorsed
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
I help older teens, adults of all genders, adult families and groups of men clarify and achieve their life goals. Whether it’s developing healthier, more supportive or enjoyable relationships, determining a life path, transitions (into retirement, new jobs, relationship beginnng/endings etc.) or the desire to feel happier and more relaxed in your day-to-day life, I am here to help you. While not required to work with me in therapy, I support clients who are diagnosed with moderate depression, general anxiety, social anxiety, ocd, panic disorder, and PTSD.
I help older teens, adults of all genders, adult families and groups of men clarify and achieve their life goals. Whether it’s developing healthier, more supportive or enjoyable relationships, determining a life path, transitions (into retirement, new jobs, relationship beginnng/endings etc.) or the desire to feel happier and more relaxed in your day-to-day life, I am here to help you. While not required to work with me in therapy, I support clients who are diagnosed with moderate depression, general anxiety, social anxiety, ocd, panic disorder, and PTSD.
(484) 989-8280 View (484) 989-8280
Photo of Benjamin Goldstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Benjamin Goldstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Is your teen or young adult drifting away while struggling with depression, anxiety, or trauma? You may feel a growing "relatability gap" as they navigate neurodivergence, LGBTQ+ identity, adoption, or cultural shifts that feel worlds away from your own. You see them hurting—perhaps even facing suicidality—and feel helpless as the foundational trust between you frays. You want to be their "secure base," the person they turn to in a crisis, but right now, communication feels like a minefield. You are looking for a way to support your child's autonomy while restoring the bond that makes them feel safe at home.
Is your teen or young adult drifting away while struggling with depression, anxiety, or trauma? You may feel a growing "relatability gap" as they navigate neurodivergence, LGBTQ+ identity, adoption, or cultural shifts that feel worlds away from your own. You see them hurting—perhaps even facing suicidality—and feel helpless as the foundational trust between you frays. You want to be their "secure base," the person they turn to in a crisis, but right now, communication feels like a minefield. You are looking for a way to support your child's autonomy while restoring the bond that makes them feel safe at home.
(484) 806-1769 View (484) 806-1769
Photo of Raffaella Braga, Psychologist, PhD
Raffaella Braga
Psychologist, PhD
2 Endorsed
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
I look forward to helping adults and children cope with issues that are interfering with their capacity to enjoy their daily life. I work individually with adults to help with issues related to life-transition (e.g., moving to a different country, transition into parenthood, career changes, etc.), anxiety, depression, body image, and relationship problems. I also enjoy working with children who struggle with parents' divorce, academic difficulties, relationships, inhibition, and trauma. Finally, I offer support groups for expecting parents or parents of young children (0-5 years old).
I look forward to helping adults and children cope with issues that are interfering with their capacity to enjoy their daily life. I work individually with adults to help with issues related to life-transition (e.g., moving to a different country, transition into parenthood, career changes, etc.), anxiety, depression, body image, and relationship problems. I also enjoy working with children who struggle with parents' divorce, academic difficulties, relationships, inhibition, and trauma. Finally, I offer support groups for expecting parents or parents of young children (0-5 years old).
(267) 609-5741 View (267) 609-5741
Photo of Erin Sharkey, Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Erin Sharkey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
1 Endorsed
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
With the understanding that the decision to begin therapy can be a courageous and difficult one, I strive to create a warm and empathetic therapeutic environment with my clients where we can work collaboratively towards your goals. I draw from a range of approaches to explore together how your experiences have shaped you, and to provide guidance while uncovering and adapting patterns and coping strategies that no longer serve you. Through our time together, I hope to help you discover a therapeutic journey towards personal growth that feels supportive and reflective of your needs.
With the understanding that the decision to begin therapy can be a courageous and difficult one, I strive to create a warm and empathetic therapeutic environment with my clients where we can work collaboratively towards your goals. I draw from a range of approaches to explore together how your experiences have shaped you, and to provide guidance while uncovering and adapting patterns and coping strategies that no longer serve you. Through our time together, I hope to help you discover a therapeutic journey towards personal growth that feels supportive and reflective of your needs.
(610) 890-8527 View (610) 890-8527
Photo of Dr. Denise B Lensky, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Denise B Lensky
Psychologist, PhD
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
With over 30 years of experience, I work with adults and adolescents facing a wide a wide range of challenges, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, relationship concerns, and work problems. My goal is to help you better understand yourself, improve your relationships, and find relief from the symptoms that are holding you back. Many people come to therapy during a time of crisis or distress. While we begin by addressing the immediate concerns, people often find that our work together leads to deeper personal insight and a more fulfilling life overall.
With over 30 years of experience, I work with adults and adolescents facing a wide a wide range of challenges, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, relationship concerns, and work problems. My goal is to help you better understand yourself, improve your relationships, and find relief from the symptoms that are holding you back. Many people come to therapy during a time of crisis or distress. While we begin by addressing the immediate concerns, people often find that our work together leads to deeper personal insight and a more fulfilling life overall.
(484) 613-2350 View (484) 613-2350
Photo of Justine Fox - Fox Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Fox Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
I hope together we can create a safe space to explore life’s challenges, successes and everything in between. I recognize coming to therapy can be difficult, so I strive to provide a comfortable environment filled with empathy and support. I specialize in working collaboratively with young adults and adults experiencing a variety of challenges including anxiety, depression, body image, eating disorders, unhealthy relationships and mood disorders.
I hope together we can create a safe space to explore life’s challenges, successes and everything in between. I recognize coming to therapy can be difficult, so I strive to provide a comfortable environment filled with empathy and support. I specialize in working collaboratively with young adults and adults experiencing a variety of challenges including anxiety, depression, body image, eating disorders, unhealthy relationships and mood disorders.
(856) 644-1260 View (856) 644-1260
Photo of Michael Bernstein, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Michael Bernstein
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Are you feeling withdrawn or overcome with worry or anger? Do you find yourself depressed, with less motivation for life? For men, it can be hard to put into words what we are feeling. If you are struggling, it may be time to reach out to someone. Let's work together to come up with a plan to help you understand your emotions, reduce anxiety and depression, and work through trauma. Continue reading to learn how booking a therapy session, while difficult, is the best decision to make for yourself!
Are you feeling withdrawn or overcome with worry or anger? Do you find yourself depressed, with less motivation for life? For men, it can be hard to put into words what we are feeling. If you are struggling, it may be time to reach out to someone. Let's work together to come up with a plan to help you understand your emotions, reduce anxiety and depression, and work through trauma. Continue reading to learn how booking a therapy session, while difficult, is the best decision to make for yourself!
(267) 422-7365 View (267) 422-7365
Ruth Kirzner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Online Only
I believe most of us can benefit from a safe, trusting and collaborative therapeutic relationship. Seeking help can be an overwhelming and intimidating process. I am a warm, interactive and supportive therapist who believes that people can make positive changes to feel better and live more fulfilling lives. I treat each client as a whole person. I work with individuals and couples on a variety of concerns. In addition, I collaborate with psychiatrists and doctors to provide the best care for my clients. I use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness and solution-oriented therapy to help clients explore their emotions and behaviors without judgement.
I believe most of us can benefit from a safe, trusting and collaborative therapeutic relationship. Seeking help can be an overwhelming and intimidating process. I am a warm, interactive and supportive therapist who believes that people can make positive changes to feel better and live more fulfilling lives. I treat each client as a whole person. I work with individuals and couples on a variety of concerns. In addition, I collaborate with psychiatrists and doctors to provide the best care for my clients. I use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness and solution-oriented therapy to help clients explore their emotions and behaviors without judgement.
(610) 347-5931 x4 View (610) 347-5931 x4
Photo of Ruthi S Lynn, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MFT
Ruthi S Lynn
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MFT
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Ultimate goal: To help parents have amazing relationships with their kids, see themselves as leaders to their children and to build the next generation strong, moral and passionate. I dream of being able to imbue parents and children of today with a sense of confidence, clarity and love for their role in life. I love to work with kids who may be struggling with low self esteem, anxiety issues, ADHD and family relationships. We all struggle, we are all in need of a deep connection to our purpose. I want to provide a high quality, relevant therapeutic relationship that can be a guide and source of stability amidst turbulent times.
Ultimate goal: To help parents have amazing relationships with their kids, see themselves as leaders to their children and to build the next generation strong, moral and passionate. I dream of being able to imbue parents and children of today with a sense of confidence, clarity and love for their role in life. I love to work with kids who may be struggling with low self esteem, anxiety issues, ADHD and family relationships. We all struggle, we are all in need of a deep connection to our purpose. I want to provide a high quality, relevant therapeutic relationship that can be a guide and source of stability amidst turbulent times.
(484) 540-2417 View (484) 540-2417
Photo of Dr. John G. Taylor, PhD, MEd, MACC, LPC
Dr. John G. Taylor
Verified Verified
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Sometimes we find ourselves walking through pain that doesn’t make sense—moments when the weight feels so heavy that it’s hard to imagine ever feeling whole again. In those spaces, it’s natural to wonder if you’ll get through it, if you’ll ever feel like yourself, or if light will ever break through the darkness. If you are hurting, anxious, depressed, or feeling hopeless right now, please know that your feelings are valid and they are not permanent. This moment does not have to define your future. Healing is possible, and brighter days are on the horizon.
Sometimes we find ourselves walking through pain that doesn’t make sense—moments when the weight feels so heavy that it’s hard to imagine ever feeling whole again. In those spaces, it’s natural to wonder if you’ll get through it, if you’ll ever feel like yourself, or if light will ever break through the darkness. If you are hurting, anxious, depressed, or feeling hopeless right now, please know that your feelings are valid and they are not permanent. This moment does not have to define your future. Healing is possible, and brighter days are on the horizon.
(215) 515-4712 View (215) 515-4712
Photo of Kristle J. Small - Kristle J. Small Counseling Group, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Kristle J. Small Counseling Group
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
2 Endorsed
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Feeling depressed or worried? Feeling stressed and overwhelmed? Is your relationship in trouble? Visiting a psychotherapist can help! This is a mental health and counseling practice in service located in center city Philadelphia. My mission is helping clients feel like they are talking to an objective friend. Are you ready to transform your life and get on the right track? As a psychotherapist I can help you to get the results you want for your life.
Feeling depressed or worried? Feeling stressed and overwhelmed? Is your relationship in trouble? Visiting a psychotherapist can help! This is a mental health and counseling practice in service located in center city Philadelphia. My mission is helping clients feel like they are talking to an objective friend. Are you ready to transform your life and get on the right track? As a psychotherapist I can help you to get the results you want for your life.
(267) 918-1228 View (267) 918-1228
Photo of Dr. Anika Khan, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Anika Khan
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
If you or your child are struggling with anxiety, obsessive thoughts, or somatic symptoms of stress, you don’t have to navigate those challenges on your own. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families to help make sense of what you’re experiencing and build practical skills that make daily life feel more manageable and less distressing. Whether you’re navigating generalized anxiety, social anxiety, panic attacks, OCD, separation anxiety, tic disorders, trichotillomania, or stress connected to gastrointestinal challenges or other chronic medical conditions, I work with you to understand you as a whole person.
If you or your child are struggling with anxiety, obsessive thoughts, or somatic symptoms of stress, you don’t have to navigate those challenges on your own. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families to help make sense of what you’re experiencing and build practical skills that make daily life feel more manageable and less distressing. Whether you’re navigating generalized anxiety, social anxiety, panic attacks, OCD, separation anxiety, tic disorders, trichotillomania, or stress connected to gastrointestinal challenges or other chronic medical conditions, I work with you to understand you as a whole person.
(484) 739-9600 View (484) 739-9600
Photo of Shawn Blue, Psychologist, PsyD, DCEP, CCTP
Shawn Blue
Psychologist, PsyD, DCEP, CCTP
1 Endorsed
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
I am a clinical psychologist and I provide individual, couples and group therapy to young adults and adults. I also received my credentialing as a Diplomate in Comprehensive Energy Psychology (DCEP) in 2017 and I have been training and working in the area of Energy Psychology since 2012.
I am a clinical psychologist and I provide individual, couples and group therapy to young adults and adults. I also received my credentialing as a Diplomate in Comprehensive Energy Psychology (DCEP) in 2017 and I have been training and working in the area of Energy Psychology since 2012.
(267) 272-0871 View (267) 272-0871
Photo of Elinor Brody, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Elinor Brody
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
How do you want your life to become better? What stands in your way? I work with individuals and couples to help them deal with the obstacles that prevent having a full life. I am certified in Brainspotting and specialize in trauma, anxiety and loss.
How do you want your life to become better? What stands in your way? I work with individuals and couples to help them deal with the obstacles that prevent having a full life. I am certified in Brainspotting and specialize in trauma, anxiety and loss.
(610) 991-7962 View (610) 991-7962
Photo of Qianna S Snooks, Psychologist, MS, PsyD
Qianna S Snooks
Psychologist, MS, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Not accepting new clients
One of the most powerful experiences that a person can have is sitting across from another human being and feeling understood. I approach therapy with a multicultural lens, cognizant of the fact that every person is an individual that has been shaped by their own cultural backdrop (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, spiritual path, etc.). I emphasize the role of the client as the expert on their world; and therapy as a collaboration. Through this collaboration and my understanding of the client as an individual within larger intersecting systems (e.g., family, school), I strive to effect positive therapeutic outcomes.
One of the most powerful experiences that a person can have is sitting across from another human being and feeling understood. I approach therapy with a multicultural lens, cognizant of the fact that every person is an individual that has been shaped by their own cultural backdrop (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, spiritual path, etc.). I emphasize the role of the client as the expert on their world; and therapy as a collaboration. Through this collaboration and my understanding of the client as an individual within larger intersecting systems (e.g., family, school), I strive to effect positive therapeutic outcomes.
(484) 559-6092 View (484) 559-6092
Photo of Rivki Nicole Nyer, Pre-Licensed Professional, M Ed, MFT
Rivki Nicole Nyer
Pre-Licensed Professional, M Ed, MFT
1 Endorsed
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Welcome! I am passionate about helping others find healing and growth. I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can comfortably explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Everyone has within them the capacity for self-healing and transformation. I work with individuals struggling with anxious thoughts, feelings of sadness and hopelessness, traumatic memories, and family conflicts. My approach is empathetic, creative, humorous, and collaborative. Therapy is a partnership; together, we will work towards your goals and understand your true self on a deeper level.
Welcome! I am passionate about helping others find healing and growth. I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can comfortably explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Everyone has within them the capacity for self-healing and transformation. I work with individuals struggling with anxious thoughts, feelings of sadness and hopelessness, traumatic memories, and family conflicts. My approach is empathetic, creative, humorous, and collaborative. Therapy is a partnership; together, we will work towards your goals and understand your true self on a deeper level.
(484) 878-5067 View (484) 878-5067
Photo of Eric Wilcox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Eric Wilcox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I believe that true mastery of ourselves is within each and every one of us. I have years of experience working with people with a wide range of challenges. We will collaboratively work to utilize your strengths, create or enhance your coping skills, and tackle thinking traps. I work with each individual in addressing their primary challenges by constructing an individual goal plan that is in accordance with conquering your biggest challenges to become the best version of yourself.
I believe that true mastery of ourselves is within each and every one of us. I have years of experience working with people with a wide range of challenges. We will collaboratively work to utilize your strengths, create or enhance your coping skills, and tackle thinking traps. I work with each individual in addressing their primary challenges by constructing an individual goal plan that is in accordance with conquering your biggest challenges to become the best version of yourself.
(215) 600-1479 View (215) 600-1479

See more therapy options for Bala Cynwyd

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bala Cynwyd, PA

200+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Bala Cynwyd, PA who prioritize treating:

91% Depression
90% Anxiety
78% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
66% Trauma and PTSD
65% Grief
59% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Aetna
63% Highmark
58% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Bala Cynwyd, PA see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

72% Female
27% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bala Cynwyd?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.