Therapists in Melrose Park, PA

Photo of Barbara M Gettes, Associate Professional Counselor, MA, LAPC
Barbara M Gettes
Associate Professional Counselor, MA, LAPC
Melrose Park, PA 19027
Whether you're healing from relational pain, navigating neurodivergence, finding your footing as a parent, or simply trying to make sense of the storms inside you—I can help you navigate these challenges. What fuels my passion is witnessing the strength, insight, and growth that already exist within each person and helping them reconnect with those parts of themselves that got buried under the weight of just surviving. My work is integrative and mindfulness-based, weaving together trauma-informed therapy, gentle somatic practices, reflective conversation, and practical wellness coaching tools that actually fit your life.
Whether you're healing from relational pain, navigating neurodivergence, finding your footing as a parent, or simply trying to make sense of the storms inside you—I can help you navigate these challenges. What fuels my passion is witnessing the strength, insight, and growth that already exist within each person and helping them reconnect with those parts of themselves that got buried under the weight of just surviving. My work is integrative and mindfulness-based, weaving together trauma-informed therapy, gentle somatic practices, reflective conversation, and practical wellness coaching tools that actually fit your life.
(215) 318-6396 View (215) 318-6396
Photo of Katherine Kim, Counselor, MA, LAPC
Katherine Kim
Counselor, MA, LAPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
My hope is to support clients navigate difficult periods in their lives, while setting realistic and affirming goals toward long term well-being. My approach is person-centered with the goal of the client ultimately achieving self-empowerment. I have a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Northwestern University, and am currently a Licensed Associate Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. I am a supervised by Licensed Professional Counselor, Charlotte Andrews LPC, LBS, CESP, JD.
My hope is to support clients navigate difficult periods in their lives, while setting realistic and affirming goals toward long term well-being. My approach is person-centered with the goal of the client ultimately achieving self-empowerment. I have a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Northwestern University, and am currently a Licensed Associate Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. I am a supervised by Licensed Professional Counselor, Charlotte Andrews LPC, LBS, CESP, JD.
(267) 680-7245 View (267) 680-7245
Photo of Justin William, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Justin William
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a psychotherapist with over 17 years of clinical experience. I utilize a relational, person-centered, strengths-based approach, as well as mindfulness-based therapeutic techniques. I'm also trained in providing ecotherapy for clients interested in outdoor sessions and in accessing nature as part of the therapeutic process. I also incorporate therapeutic journaling and encourage every client to keep a journal during their time in therapy (and beyond). The first session can look vastly different depending on each client's comfort level and familiarity with therapy.
I am a psychotherapist with over 17 years of clinical experience. I utilize a relational, person-centered, strengths-based approach, as well as mindfulness-based therapeutic techniques. I'm also trained in providing ecotherapy for clients interested in outdoor sessions and in accessing nature as part of the therapeutic process. I also incorporate therapeutic journaling and encourage every client to keep a journal during their time in therapy (and beyond). The first session can look vastly different depending on each client's comfort level and familiarity with therapy.
(267) 214-5998 View (267) 214-5998
Photo of I Barry Bell, Psychologist, PhD
I Barry Bell
Psychologist, PhD
Online Only
Psychotherapy is an opportunity to discover the factors in our lives that keep us from being fully alive and happy. People make decisions to enter therapy for various reasons: relationship problems, feeling sad or fearful, or simply the feeling that something is amiss in their lives. In my approach to the therapeutic process, I provide a safe, positive environment in which to explore your present difficulty. Together we will pursue a variety of approaches ranging from Mindfulness Based Cognitive Behavioral, Gestalt, Psychodynamic to Hypnosis with Guided Imagery, depending upon what is best suited to your particular difficulty.
Psychotherapy is an opportunity to discover the factors in our lives that keep us from being fully alive and happy. People make decisions to enter therapy for various reasons: relationship problems, feeling sad or fearful, or simply the feeling that something is amiss in their lives. In my approach to the therapeutic process, I provide a safe, positive environment in which to explore your present difficulty. Together we will pursue a variety of approaches ranging from Mindfulness Based Cognitive Behavioral, Gestalt, Psychodynamic to Hypnosis with Guided Imagery, depending upon what is best suited to your particular difficulty.
(856) 494-6097 View (856) 494-6097

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Maria Crossan, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Maria Crossan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Online Only
You’ve been trying to hold everything together, but something in your career—or the loss of it—has shaken your sense of who you are. Maybe you’re grieving a role that once gave you purpose. Maybe you’re navigating burnout, a toxic workplace, or the slow erosion of confidence that comes from feeling unseen or undervalued. Or maybe you’re standing at a crossroads, unsure how to rebuild a life or identity that feels authentic and sustainable. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from the version of yourself you used to recognize, you’re not alone.
You’ve been trying to hold everything together, but something in your career—or the loss of it—has shaken your sense of who you are. Maybe you’re grieving a role that once gave you purpose. Maybe you’re navigating burnout, a toxic workplace, or the slow erosion of confidence that comes from feeling unseen or undervalued. Or maybe you’re standing at a crossroads, unsure how to rebuild a life or identity that feels authentic and sustainable. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from the version of yourself you used to recognize, you’re not alone.
(484) 939-9768 View (484) 939-9768
Photo of Curtis Terry, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Curtis Terry
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I’ve been license in the state of Pennsylvania to practice counseling. I receive my masters degree from the Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Over the years, I have been involved in helping men develop skills to remain non-abusive worked in substance-abuse treatment and currently enjoy collaborative care with primary care, physicians as well as private practice. During the initial session we will confirm that you are in a safe private place to express yourself comfortably. I will review safety protocol as I need to make sure you and everyone connected to you is safe.
I’ve been license in the state of Pennsylvania to practice counseling. I receive my masters degree from the Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Over the years, I have been involved in helping men develop skills to remain non-abusive worked in substance-abuse treatment and currently enjoy collaborative care with primary care, physicians as well as private practice. During the initial session we will confirm that you are in a safe private place to express yourself comfortably. I will review safety protocol as I need to make sure you and everyone connected to you is safe.
(412) 866-1300 View (412) 866-1300
Photo of Dr. Alishia Kalos, Psychologist, PsyD, CST
Dr. Alishia Kalos
Psychologist, PsyD, CST
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Therapy is an invaluable opportunity for individuals and couples to learn about themselves and the relationships that they want to cultivate. Whether you are thinking about working through a particular issue, hoping to gain clarity and focus in future decisions, or considering a short-term "check-up", I will work with you in a safe, non-judgmental space that cultivates compassion, healing, and growth. I believe in the power of building on each person/couple's strengths and discovering, through a collaborative approach, new ways to adapt and grow.
Therapy is an invaluable opportunity for individuals and couples to learn about themselves and the relationships that they want to cultivate. Whether you are thinking about working through a particular issue, hoping to gain clarity and focus in future decisions, or considering a short-term "check-up", I will work with you in a safe, non-judgmental space that cultivates compassion, healing, and growth. I believe in the power of building on each person/couple's strengths and discovering, through a collaborative approach, new ways to adapt and grow.
(267) 399-4002 View (267) 399-4002
Photo of Tiana Kirby Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tiana Kirby Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Born and raised in the inner city by a single mother and a large extended family, I noticed the needs of those that were mentally or physically diagnosed were often not met. Therefore, I began to inquire about what I needed to do in order to be a part of the solution. I began to work in the field and I have worked in Behavioral/Mental Health for close to 20 years. My experience covers a plethora of ages and diagnosis across many settings.
Born and raised in the inner city by a single mother and a large extended family, I noticed the needs of those that were mentally or physically diagnosed were often not met. Therefore, I began to inquire about what I needed to do in order to be a part of the solution. I began to work in the field and I have worked in Behavioral/Mental Health for close to 20 years. My experience covers a plethora of ages and diagnosis across many settings.
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Photo of Rebecca McIntyre - Rebecca McIntyre Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MEd, LCSW
Rebecca McIntyre Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MEd, LCSW
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
As a psychotherapist with over 25 years of experience, I specialize in helping individuals and family members through the challenging terrain of grief, loss, life transitions, and the emotional complexities of cancer and chronic illness. Through the use of secure teletherapy, I provide a compassionate, nonjudgmental space where clients can explore emotions, process their experiences, and rediscover a sense of balance and meaning. Whether you’re navigating the loss of a loved one, adapting to a significant life change, or coping with the physical and emotional toll of illness, I tailor my approach to meet your unique needs.
As a psychotherapist with over 25 years of experience, I specialize in helping individuals and family members through the challenging terrain of grief, loss, life transitions, and the emotional complexities of cancer and chronic illness. Through the use of secure teletherapy, I provide a compassionate, nonjudgmental space where clients can explore emotions, process their experiences, and rediscover a sense of balance and meaning. Whether you’re navigating the loss of a loved one, adapting to a significant life change, or coping with the physical and emotional toll of illness, I tailor my approach to meet your unique needs.
(434) 218-0654 View (434) 218-0654
Photo of Kim Flecken, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kim Flecken
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years of experience who enjoys working with teens and adults who are looking to make a change or live a more authentic life. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, neurodivergence, gender identity and life stressors.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years of experience who enjoys working with teens and adults who are looking to make a change or live a more authentic life. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, neurodivergence, gender identity and life stressors.
(412) 871-6849 View (412) 871-6849
Photo of Tiffany Spilove - Spilove Psychotherapy Reduced Rate Therapy , Pre-Licensed Professional, LMFT, LPC
Spilove Psychotherapy Reduced Rate Therapy
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMFT, LPC
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010
Finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming, especially when cost is part of the equation. At Spilove Psychotherapy, our graduate therapy interns offer thoughtful, trauma-informed care at a reduced rate, under close supervision from licensed, experienced clinicians. You do not have to choose between affordability and depth. You are not broken. You deserve support that meets you where you are, with curiosity, care, and respect for your inner wisdom. Our intern therapists are advanced graduate students completing their clinical training in counseling and marriage & family therapy.
Finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming, especially when cost is part of the equation. At Spilove Psychotherapy, our graduate therapy interns offer thoughtful, trauma-informed care at a reduced rate, under close supervision from licensed, experienced clinicians. You do not have to choose between affordability and depth. You are not broken. You deserve support that meets you where you are, with curiosity, care, and respect for your inner wisdom. Our intern therapists are advanced graduate students completing their clinical training in counseling and marriage & family therapy.
(215) 608-2828 View (215) 608-2828
Photo of Isabella Ianncelli, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LSW
Isabella Ianncelli
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My name is Isabella and I am a licensed social worker dedicated to helping clients navigate anxiety, stress, and moments of crisis with compassion and clarity. My experience across a multitude of settings and crisis intervention work has shaped my grounded, empathetic style-meeting clients where they are and guiding them toward practical, meaningful change. My goal is to make therapy feel approachable, collaborative, and centered on the client's unique story and goals, all while creating a supportive environment that values strength, honesty, and healing.
My name is Isabella and I am a licensed social worker dedicated to helping clients navigate anxiety, stress, and moments of crisis with compassion and clarity. My experience across a multitude of settings and crisis intervention work has shaped my grounded, empathetic style-meeting clients where they are and guiding them toward practical, meaningful change. My goal is to make therapy feel approachable, collaborative, and centered on the client's unique story and goals, all while creating a supportive environment that values strength, honesty, and healing.
(484) 739-7569 View (484) 739-7569
Photo of Marianne Welch Salkind - Airmid Wellness & Counseling Center, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, EMDR
Airmid Wellness & Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, EMDR
Warminster, PA 18974
Our practice is comprised of a group of 20 highly experienced licensed professional female and male counselors. The diversity of our specialties allows us to provide a collaborative and personalized approach utilizing a wide range of skillsets in order to best support the needs of our clients. Our therapists work with adults, children, adolescents, couples and families in a safe, comfortable space for you to explore your emotions. In-person and Telehealth on your schedule is also available. New locations are opening soon. Support classes and workshops are available in our studio for Yoga, Tai Chi, Meditation, and Self Care.
Our practice is comprised of a group of 20 highly experienced licensed professional female and male counselors. The diversity of our specialties allows us to provide a collaborative and personalized approach utilizing a wide range of skillsets in order to best support the needs of our clients. Our therapists work with adults, children, adolescents, couples and families in a safe, comfortable space for you to explore your emotions. In-person and Telehealth on your schedule is also available. New locations are opening soon. Support classes and workshops are available in our studio for Yoga, Tai Chi, Meditation, and Self Care.
(267) 961-7201 x1 View (267) 961-7201 x1
Photo of Jane Markowitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jane Markowitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19106
My work centers on helping individuals and couples connect more deeply with their emotions and with each other. If you’re struggling in your relationships—whether with friends, romantic partners, colleagues, family members, or even yourself—you’ve come to the right place. I’m deeply passionate about helping people build deeper, healthier, & more fulfilling connections. I bring experience working with a diverse range of individuals and couples, including those navigating queer and trans identity development, low self-esteem, sexual identity exploration, family dynamics, & life transitions.
My work centers on helping individuals and couples connect more deeply with their emotions and with each other. If you’re struggling in your relationships—whether with friends, romantic partners, colleagues, family members, or even yourself—you’ve come to the right place. I’m deeply passionate about helping people build deeper, healthier, & more fulfilling connections. I bring experience working with a diverse range of individuals and couples, including those navigating queer and trans identity development, low self-esteem, sexual identity exploration, family dynamics, & life transitions.
(267) 762-1611 View (267) 762-1611
Photo of Suzannah McNamara, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Suzannah McNamara
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I am best positioned to serve individuals who are navigating life transitions, dealing with depression and/or anxiety, and processing trauma. I understand the unique challenges that come with these experiences and offer a supportive, affirming space where clients can explore their identities, process difficult emotions, and work towards greater emotional resilience. I am here to support you in building a life that aligns with your authentic self.
I am best positioned to serve individuals who are navigating life transitions, dealing with depression and/or anxiety, and processing trauma. I understand the unique challenges that come with these experiences and offer a supportive, affirming space where clients can explore their identities, process difficult emotions, and work towards greater emotional resilience. I am here to support you in building a life that aligns with your authentic self.
(267) 828-1609 View (267) 828-1609
Photo of Kane Williams, Psychologist, PsyD
Kane Williams
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18902
Are you a parent or guardian of a youngster or teen struggling with anxiety, distressing thoughts, or poor self-esteem? Are you someone struggling with your identity and figuring out where you fit in the world? Are you an adult struggling with the demands of adulthood/parenthood and how best to support your kiddo? I am a licensed psychologist and certified school psychologist in Pennsylvania. I provide support and services to children, teens, and adults. I pride myself on fostering a strong therapeutic alliance and establishing rapport quickly to address issues in a supportive and warm environment.
Are you a parent or guardian of a youngster or teen struggling with anxiety, distressing thoughts, or poor self-esteem? Are you someone struggling with your identity and figuring out where you fit in the world? Are you an adult struggling with the demands of adulthood/parenthood and how best to support your kiddo? I am a licensed psychologist and certified school psychologist in Pennsylvania. I provide support and services to children, teens, and adults. I pride myself on fostering a strong therapeutic alliance and establishing rapport quickly to address issues in a supportive and warm environment.
(585) 432-0884 View (585) 432-0884
Photo of Toyye Hargrove - LifeStance Health, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
LifeStance Health
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Not accepting new clients
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
(267) 651-9215 View (267) 651-9215
Photo of Rikell S Ford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Rikell S Ford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Lansdowne, PA 19050
When anxiety, depression, or major life transitions begin to weigh heavily, it can feel exhausting to carry everything on your own. Many people seek therapy when stress becomes constant, roles shift, relationships feel strained, or daily pressures feel overwhelming. The clients I support often come in while navigating cultural expectations, family responsibilities, and the emotional weight of always needing to stay strong for others. I provide a supportive space to find clarity, restore balance, and build tools for moving forward with confidence and peace.
When anxiety, depression, or major life transitions begin to weigh heavily, it can feel exhausting to carry everything on your own. Many people seek therapy when stress becomes constant, roles shift, relationships feel strained, or daily pressures feel overwhelming. The clients I support often come in while navigating cultural expectations, family responsibilities, and the emotional weight of always needing to stay strong for others. I provide a supportive space to find clarity, restore balance, and build tools for moving forward with confidence and peace.
(412) 998-8489 View (412) 998-8489
Photo of Peggy Phipps L.C.S.W. - Main Line Adult Counseling, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Main Line Adult Counseling, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
My approach is grounded in presence, compassion, and curiosity. I aim to see and accept you fully—your story, your perspective, and your truth—without judgment. Building this kind of connection takes time, and that’s okay. Together, we’ll explore how your past may be shaping your present emotions, behaviors, and thought patterns. Often, these patterns are rooted in early attachment experiences—not as a way to assign blame, but to bring understanding and clarity. I’ll support you in developing awareness and taking responsibilit
My approach is grounded in presence, compassion, and curiosity. I aim to see and accept you fully—your story, your perspective, and your truth—without judgment. Building this kind of connection takes time, and that’s okay. Together, we’ll explore how your past may be shaping your present emotions, behaviors, and thought patterns. Often, these patterns are rooted in early attachment experiences—not as a way to assign blame, but to bring understanding and clarity. I’ll support you in developing awareness and taking responsibilit
(484) 573-7983 View (484) 573-7983
Photo of Patricia Ann Watts-Scheffel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Patricia Ann Watts-Scheffel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I believe we are all born whole and therefore inherently know our own truth. Through years of external judgements and internal doubts, we lose this connection. Healing comes from within. My role is to facilitate the reconnection with your core self to promote healthier, satisfying relationships within yourself, family friends and the world at large.
I believe we are all born whole and therefore inherently know our own truth. Through years of external judgements and internal doubts, we lose this connection. Healing comes from within. My role is to facilitate the reconnection with your core self to promote healthier, satisfying relationships within yourself, family friends and the world at large.
(844) 769-2824 View (844) 769-2824

See more therapy options for Melrose Park

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Melrose Park, PA

< 10

Therapists in Melrose Park, PA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
75% Relationship Issues
75% Parenting
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Spirituality
50% Addiction

Average years in practice

5 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Anthem
75% Highmark

How Therapists in Melrose Park, PA see their clients

75% Online Only
25% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

67% Female
33% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Melrose Park?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.