Therapists in Penn Valley, PA

Birthing Mindfully Living Mindfully
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CD, CBE
Penn Valley, PA 19072
Seena founded Birthing Mindfully Living Mindfully and brings a unique style to individuals and couple in her therapy and birth work. She uses an integrative approach combining traditional psychotherapy, evidenced-based interventions alongside intuitive sensibilities and understanding of people and human nature. She creates an authentic, nonjudgmental, trusting environment where clients feel welcome and safe to participate in the experience. Seena is a person who does not judge you for the circumstances you find yourself in, is sensible, kind, empathic and compassionate, and meets you where you are. Welcoming all adults!
Seena founded Birthing Mindfully Living Mindfully and brings a unique style to individuals and couple in her therapy and birth work. She uses an integrative approach combining traditional psychotherapy, evidenced-based interventions alongside intuitive sensibilities and understanding of people and human nature. She creates an authentic, nonjudgmental, trusting environment where clients feel welcome and safe to participate in the experience. Seena is a person who does not judge you for the circumstances you find yourself in, is sensible, kind, empathic and compassionate, and meets you where you are. Welcoming all adults!
(484) 969-9885 View (484) 969-9885
Photo of Susan S. Levine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, FABP
Susan S. Levine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, FABP
Penn Valley, PA 19072
Psychotherapy and psychoanalysis can relieve emotional pain and also be transformative beyond what you can imagine when you are immersed in turmoil and suffering. One of my strengths is in helping my patients discover and build on their strengths. It's important to understand how a coping style that is no longer effective was once the best adjustment you could devise for your circumstances. You may be living as though those same circumstances still exist without awareness that you are doing so. Our interactions can provide a powerful vehicle for understanding of what goes on in your mind as well as in your relationships.
Psychotherapy and psychoanalysis can relieve emotional pain and also be transformative beyond what you can imagine when you are immersed in turmoil and suffering. One of my strengths is in helping my patients discover and build on their strengths. It's important to understand how a coping style that is no longer effective was once the best adjustment you could devise for your circumstances. You may be living as though those same circumstances still exist without awareness that you are doing so. Our interactions can provide a powerful vehicle for understanding of what goes on in your mind as well as in your relationships.
(610) 915-8899 View (610) 915-8899
Photo of Sally Weinstock, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Sally Weinstock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Penn Valley, PA 19072
A psychotherapist and psychoanalyst, I have been in practice for over 30 years treating a wide variety of disorders including anxiety, depression, relationship issues, addiction, and sexual dysfunction. In addition, I specialize in working with creative individuals of all types dealing with fear of failure, fear of success, and the creative block.
A psychotherapist and psychoanalyst, I have been in practice for over 30 years treating a wide variety of disorders including anxiety, depression, relationship issues, addiction, and sexual dysfunction. In addition, I specialize in working with creative individuals of all types dealing with fear of failure, fear of success, and the creative block.
(484) 371-5809 View (484) 371-5809
Photo of Jeanne Elizabeth Rota Matthews - Dr. Jeanne Matthews -Relationship Expert , MA, MEd, PsyD
Dr. Jeanne Matthews -Relationship Expert
Verified Verified
Online Only
Dr. Jeanne Matthews, Relationship Expert for Individuals & Couples. YOU never imagined you’d be here, feeling more like roommates than romantic partners, caught in painful cycles of arguments, silence, or walking on eggshells just to keep the PEACE. Maybe you discovered your spouse was having an emotional or online affair, or intimacy has faded and you’re living parallel lives. You don’t recognize the person staring back at you in the mirror, tired, anxious, and unsure how to fix it. You BREAK Free from the cycle - Reconnect with yourself and/or your partner. START now: Dr. Matthews' contact info: 484-588-1523
Dr. Jeanne Matthews, Relationship Expert for Individuals & Couples. YOU never imagined you’d be here, feeling more like roommates than romantic partners, caught in painful cycles of arguments, silence, or walking on eggshells just to keep the PEACE. Maybe you discovered your spouse was having an emotional or online affair, or intimacy has faded and you’re living parallel lives. You don’t recognize the person staring back at you in the mirror, tired, anxious, and unsure how to fix it. You BREAK Free from the cycle - Reconnect with yourself and/or your partner. START now: Dr. Matthews' contact info: 484-588-1523
(484) 382-3131 View (484) 382-3131
Photo of Jessica Avart, Psychologist, PsyD
Jessica Avart
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Penn Valley, PA 19072
I have expertise in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of mental health disorders and/or developmental disabilities. I provide cognitive-behavioral therapy to adolescents, adults and families. Regarding my approach to therapy, first and foremost I strive to built a positive and supportive relationship with my clients. I focus on each persons individual needs, meeting the client where they are in the present moment. My goal is to provide positive support and a safe space for an individual to share their thoughts, feelings and experiences.
I have expertise in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of mental health disorders and/or developmental disabilities. I provide cognitive-behavioral therapy to adolescents, adults and families. Regarding my approach to therapy, first and foremost I strive to built a positive and supportive relationship with my clients. I focus on each persons individual needs, meeting the client where they are in the present moment. My goal is to provide positive support and a safe space for an individual to share their thoughts, feelings and experiences.
(215) 874-0440 View (215) 874-0440
Photo of Elliot Elbaum, Associate Professional Counselor, MA, LAPC, NCC, CTP
Elliot Elbaum
Associate Professional Counselor, MA, LAPC, NCC, CTP
1 Endorsed
Penn Valley, PA 19072
Seeking help is a courageous and commendable step. Because of that, my goal is to set you up for success by fostering an authentic & nonjudgmental environment in which you feel safe to participate in the counseling process. Using traditional psychotherapy, evidence-based interventions, with a dash of humor sprinkled in, I aim to meet you where you are at to address the concerns that are important to you. I am trauma certified and work with older teens & adults of all ages and see clients both in person and virtually in the mornings, afternoons and evenings
Seeking help is a courageous and commendable step. Because of that, my goal is to set you up for success by fostering an authentic & nonjudgmental environment in which you feel safe to participate in the counseling process. Using traditional psychotherapy, evidence-based interventions, with a dash of humor sprinkled in, I aim to meet you where you are at to address the concerns that are important to you. I am trauma certified and work with older teens & adults of all ages and see clients both in person and virtually in the mornings, afternoons and evenings
(610) 938-6977 View (610) 938-6977
Photo of Jennifer Yalof, Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Jennifer Yalof
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Serves Area
Friendships are so important, a major life source. But sometimes the ones that bring us joy—our ‘ride or dies’—can also make us feel sad, confused, and alone. Are you and your friend struggling to maintain a strong, stable, supportive, and mutually satisfactory friendship? You may have a lot of positive feelings for each other—you may really love this person—but can’t seem to get on the same page. This friendship is not a romantic relationship but that doesn’t make it any less valuable and doesn’t mean there isn’t risk involved, or loss.
Friendships are so important, a major life source. But sometimes the ones that bring us joy—our ‘ride or dies’—can also make us feel sad, confused, and alone. Are you and your friend struggling to maintain a strong, stable, supportive, and mutually satisfactory friendship? You may have a lot of positive feelings for each other—you may really love this person—but can’t seem to get on the same page. This friendship is not a romantic relationship but that doesn’t make it any less valuable and doesn’t mean there isn’t risk involved, or loss.
(267) 682-6915 View (267) 682-6915
Photo of Dr. Monica Buklan, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Monica Buklan
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
Adversity is a shared human experience. Sometimes even with your greatest efforts and supports, it feels that no matter what you do, you cannot seem to pass this roadblock in life. As a Licensed Psychologist, I help children, teens, and adults move past this impasse. My goal is to help you develop skills and strategies that you can carry with you throughout your journey. Whether you’re seeking help for you or your child, know that change is possible. While we do not get to choose our struggles, we can choose how to respond to them.
Adversity is a shared human experience. Sometimes even with your greatest efforts and supports, it feels that no matter what you do, you cannot seem to pass this roadblock in life. As a Licensed Psychologist, I help children, teens, and adults move past this impasse. My goal is to help you develop skills and strategies that you can carry with you throughout your journey. Whether you’re seeking help for you or your child, know that change is possible. While we do not get to choose our struggles, we can choose how to respond to them.
(267) 578-3440 View (267) 578-3440
Photo of Allison Ho - Allison Ho PA Online Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Allison Ho PA Online Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Online Only
You’re navigating big, often overwhelming moments—and you don’t have to do it alone. Whether you're feeling anxious, stuck, burnt out, or unsure of who you are or where you're headed, online therapy can offer space to slow down and reconnect. I work with adolescents (13–17) and young adults (18–25), especially those exploring identity, navigating life transitions, or balancing cultural and generational expectations. You might be facing school stress, relationship challenges, or the pressures of being a first-generation student. Whatever you're carrying, this is a space where you’ll be met with care and understanding.
You’re navigating big, often overwhelming moments—and you don’t have to do it alone. Whether you're feeling anxious, stuck, burnt out, or unsure of who you are or where you're headed, online therapy can offer space to slow down and reconnect. I work with adolescents (13–17) and young adults (18–25), especially those exploring identity, navigating life transitions, or balancing cultural and generational expectations. You might be facing school stress, relationship challenges, or the pressures of being a first-generation student. Whatever you're carrying, this is a space where you’ll be met with care and understanding.
(412) 455-8780 View (412) 455-8780
Photo of Jessica Curlett, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Jessica Curlett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
As a person-centered therapist, I strive to ensure my clients feel seen, heard, and supported on their mental health journey. With focus areas of anxiety, depression, and trauma I feel that understanding is the basis of healing. Many barriers exist in accessing mental health care and finding the right therapist shouldn’t be one of them. I am a licensed professional counselor and received my Master’s degree from Temple University in Philadelphia. I've worked in university and group practice settings providing therapy to teens, college students, and clients in their 20s and 30s. I also provide Christian counseling upon request.
As a person-centered therapist, I strive to ensure my clients feel seen, heard, and supported on their mental health journey. With focus areas of anxiety, depression, and trauma I feel that understanding is the basis of healing. Many barriers exist in accessing mental health care and finding the right therapist shouldn’t be one of them. I am a licensed professional counselor and received my Master’s degree from Temple University in Philadelphia. I've worked in university and group practice settings providing therapy to teens, college students, and clients in their 20s and 30s. I also provide Christian counseling upon request.
(484) 603-6891 View (484) 603-6891
Photo of Laura Geftman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Laura Geftman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Okay, let me guess — life feels like a lot right now. You’re overwhelmed, drained, and stuck in patterns that just aren’t working anymore. Maybe you’re questioning your relationships, struggling at work, or wondering why you feel so disconnected. That glass of whiskey, wine, or weed isn’t helping like it used to. With nearly 20 years of experience, I use Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) and Internal Family Systems (IFS) to help you process difficult emotions, release what’s weighing you down, and reconnect with yourself. Together, we’ll create a path toward feeling more grounded and at peace.
Okay, let me guess — life feels like a lot right now. You’re overwhelmed, drained, and stuck in patterns that just aren’t working anymore. Maybe you’re questioning your relationships, struggling at work, or wondering why you feel so disconnected. That glass of whiskey, wine, or weed isn’t helping like it used to. With nearly 20 years of experience, I use Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) and Internal Family Systems (IFS) to help you process difficult emotions, release what’s weighing you down, and reconnect with yourself. Together, we’ll create a path toward feeling more grounded and at peace.
(267) 550-5130 View (267) 550-5130
Photo of Caroline J Munden, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C
Caroline J Munden
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C
Online Only
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story and reauthor a new one. I strive to create a safe and nurturing environment in which individuals feel supported in their efforts to develop preferred ways of experiencing life. We will work collaboratively to empower you to overcome issues and embody your best self as you recognize your own strength and resiliency.
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story and reauthor a new one. I strive to create a safe and nurturing environment in which individuals feel supported in their efforts to develop preferred ways of experiencing life. We will work collaboratively to empower you to overcome issues and embody your best self as you recognize your own strength and resiliency.
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Photo of Debbie Tannenbaum, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Debbie Tannenbaum
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Clients with whom I work report experiencing greater ease in their daily lives, more connections, and greater compassion for Self and others. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor providing individual, family, and group therapy services to adults and teens for over 19 years. My therapeutic style is collaborative, compassionate, and relational. I am here to support you in feeling understood, valued, and capable of obtaining what you want in life. Contact me to find out how I can help you experience more ease expressing yourself, self-acceptance, and new ways of understanding and responding to your current life stressors.
Clients with whom I work report experiencing greater ease in their daily lives, more connections, and greater compassion for Self and others. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor providing individual, family, and group therapy services to adults and teens for over 19 years. My therapeutic style is collaborative, compassionate, and relational. I am here to support you in feeling understood, valued, and capable of obtaining what you want in life. Contact me to find out how I can help you experience more ease expressing yourself, self-acceptance, and new ways of understanding and responding to your current life stressors.
(610) 421-0436 View (610) 421-0436

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sean Burns, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPMHC, CCTP
Sean Burns
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPMHC, CCTP
Kennett Square, PA 19348
Healing from childhood experiences takes immense courage, and an environment that is safe, supportive, and trustworthy. I invite you to take the first steps toward reclaiming your power, control, and peace. I’m Sean, and I am here to support you on your journey from feeling powerless to embracing your inner superhero. I’m passionate about being apart of the journey to you building the inner strength and resilience that you deserve.
Healing from childhood experiences takes immense courage, and an environment that is safe, supportive, and trustworthy. I invite you to take the first steps toward reclaiming your power, control, and peace. I’m Sean, and I am here to support you on your journey from feeling powerless to embracing your inner superhero. I’m passionate about being apart of the journey to you building the inner strength and resilience that you deserve.
(484) 989-6878 View (484) 989-6878
Photo of Rachel Vanessa Ftaiha, Counselor, LMHC,QS, LPC, LMFT, KAP/PAP
Rachel Vanessa Ftaiha
Counselor, LMHC,QS, LPC, LMFT, KAP/PAP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Whether you are experiencing the frustration of not understanding things the way others do, the anxiety of falling behind, or the feeling that you don’t measure up, these challenges can feel overwhelming. After having spent years trying to push through these alone, join me and together we’ll uncover the roots of your difficulties and work to rebuild your confidence. I focus on practical strategies and emotional support that allow you to thrive, not just survive. You’ll learn skills to navigate challenges, develop healthier ways to cope with feelings of isolation, and discover a stronger sense of self
Whether you are experiencing the frustration of not understanding things the way others do, the anxiety of falling behind, or the feeling that you don’t measure up, these challenges can feel overwhelming. After having spent years trying to push through these alone, join me and together we’ll uncover the roots of your difficulties and work to rebuild your confidence. I focus on practical strategies and emotional support that allow you to thrive, not just survive. You’ll learn skills to navigate challenges, develop healthier ways to cope with feelings of isolation, and discover a stronger sense of self
(954) 597-5684 View (954) 597-5684
Photo of Gabby O'Neill-Donahue, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Gabby O'Neill-Donahue
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
1 Endorsed
Collegeville, PA 19426
Are you struggling with past trauma, chronic stress, or life changes which make it hard to feel at ease in your own skin? Hi I'm Gabby, a licensed social worker with a passion for supporting others, through empathy and active listening. In our work together, you can expect a supportive space where someone truly understands you. Over the years, I’ve guided many clients in navigating the road to healing trauma, reducing anxiety, building confidence, and regaining a sense of control in their lives.
Are you struggling with past trauma, chronic stress, or life changes which make it hard to feel at ease in your own skin? Hi I'm Gabby, a licensed social worker with a passion for supporting others, through empathy and active listening. In our work together, you can expect a supportive space where someone truly understands you. Over the years, I’ve guided many clients in navigating the road to healing trauma, reducing anxiety, building confidence, and regaining a sense of control in their lives.
(484) 603-6184 View (484) 603-6184
Photo of Orlando Castro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CIC, PHR
Orlando Castro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CIC, PHR
Online Only
With over 20 years as a licensed clinical social worker, I’m dedicated to helping you achieve well-being, happiness, and success. I meet you where you are, guiding you through life’s challenges with a personalized approach.
With over 20 years as a licensed clinical social worker, I’m dedicated to helping you achieve well-being, happiness, and success. I meet you where you are, guiding you through life’s challenges with a personalized approach.
(484) 469-9618 View (484) 469-9618
Photo of Ashley Lunt, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Ashley Lunt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Yardley, PA 19067
My ideal client is someone who is committed to wanting better for themselves. I provide an open and honest space so my clients feel safe especially clients who suffer from trauma, depression and anxiety.
My ideal client is someone who is committed to wanting better for themselves. I provide an open and honest space so my clients feel safe especially clients who suffer from trauma, depression and anxiety.
(215) 234-1932 View (215) 234-1932
Photo of Linda Case, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Linda Case
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Are you struggling with stress that fuels anxiety, depression, or relationship conflicts? I understand how overwhelming these challenges can be, and I’m here to help. I offer a warm, safe space where you can explore your inner world, uncover limiting beliefs, and build new habits that empower you to live your best life. I integrate counseling, neuroscience, and epigenetics with mindfulness-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Energy Psychology (Psych-K), RTT Hypnosis, and Psychodynamic Therapy. In our sessions, you’ll gain practical tools, renewed hope, and clarity for lasting change.
Are you struggling with stress that fuels anxiety, depression, or relationship conflicts? I understand how overwhelming these challenges can be, and I’m here to help. I offer a warm, safe space where you can explore your inner world, uncover limiting beliefs, and build new habits that empower you to live your best life. I integrate counseling, neuroscience, and epigenetics with mindfulness-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Energy Psychology (Psych-K), RTT Hypnosis, and Psychodynamic Therapy. In our sessions, you’ll gain practical tools, renewed hope, and clarity for lasting change.
(267) 592-6957 View (267) 592-6957
Photo of Chelsea Lightbourn - Peace, Love, & Therapy with Chelsea, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Peace, Love, & Therapy with Chelsea
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Philadelphia, PA 19146
Just like my clients, I am a person/clinician, with many layers. Starting my career from the basis of a counseling degree rooted in trauma, I've worked with a spectrum of disorders since 2016. If you decide to make the empowered choice to step into this safe space you'll be met with my humor, specialized treatment in ADHD/ADD, use of dialectical behavior therapy & other modalities, and care for borderline personality disorders, women's issues, and relationship issues. With neurodivergent-friendly tactics, I can help clients to set and reach goals based on their own specialized parameters.
Just like my clients, I am a person/clinician, with many layers. Starting my career from the basis of a counseling degree rooted in trauma, I've worked with a spectrum of disorders since 2016. If you decide to make the empowered choice to step into this safe space you'll be met with my humor, specialized treatment in ADHD/ADD, use of dialectical behavior therapy & other modalities, and care for borderline personality disorders, women's issues, and relationship issues. With neurodivergent-friendly tactics, I can help clients to set and reach goals based on their own specialized parameters.
(215) 798-7694 View (215) 798-7694

See more therapy options for Penn Valley

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Penn Valley, PA

10+

Average cost per session

$192

Therapists in Penn Valley, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
77% Relationship Issues
77% Depression
77% Coping Skills
77% Self Esteem
77% Life Transitions
69% Stress

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
75% Cigna and Evernorth
50% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Penn Valley, PA see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

92% Female
8% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Penn Valley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.