Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

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Photo of Shemeah Richardson, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shemeah Richardson
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254  (Online Only)
Shemeah is trained in Solution-focused therapy, Play therapy, Art therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Christian Counseling, Diversity, Affirmative Therapy, Mindfulness, and Trauma-informed care. Although Shemeah spent over 30 years working in child and adolescent therapy, she has since embraced serving adults through individual and couples counseling. Her focus is on empowering individuals... helping them realize their locus of control and personal responsibility. Further enabling them to improve how they relate to and interact with others and the world around them. Shemeah has extensive experience working with diverse population
Shemeah is trained in Solution-focused therapy, Play therapy, Art therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Christian Counseling, Diversity, Affirmative Therapy, Mindfulness, and Trauma-informed care. Although Shemeah spent over 30 years working in child and adolescent therapy, she has since embraced serving adults through individual and couples counseling. Her focus is on empowering individuals... helping them realize their locus of control and personal responsibility. Further enabling them to improve how they relate to and interact with others and the world around them. Shemeah has extensive experience working with diverse population
(480) 418-2085 View (480) 418-2085
Photo of Kirsten Powell, MSW, LCSW, CWHE, CIMHP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kirsten Powell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CWHE, CIMHP
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that people have the innate capacity for change. In life we are often dealt circumstances that are beyond our understanding and personal control. Many of these experiences distort our perception of who we truly are. My role is to collaborate with you to explore your past and reconnect you to your authentic self. People are natural storytellers. In our work together we will identify which parts of your story add value to your life and which can be altered to improve the way you understand yourself and the circumstances in your life.
I believe that people have the innate capacity for change. In life we are often dealt circumstances that are beyond our understanding and personal control. Many of these experiences distort our perception of who we truly are. My role is to collaborate with you to explore your past and reconnect you to your authentic self. People are natural storytellers. In our work together we will identify which parts of your story add value to your life and which can be altered to improve the way you understand yourself and the circumstances in your life.
(602) 833-2019 View (602) 833-2019
Photo of Alexis Tully, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexis Tully
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85253
Alexis Tully is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Arizona who has been practicing since 2020. She graduated with her BSW and MSW from Arizona State University with a specialization in Child Welfare. Alexis takes a holistic approach to therapy, addressing not only the symptoms but also the underlying factors contributing to her clients difficulties. Her goal is to empower clients and families to take an active role in their healing journey by fostering a collaborative and supportive environment to help them reach their goals.
Alexis Tully is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Arizona who has been practicing since 2020. She graduated with her BSW and MSW from Arizona State University with a specialization in Child Welfare. Alexis takes a holistic approach to therapy, addressing not only the symptoms but also the underlying factors contributing to her clients difficulties. Her goal is to empower clients and families to take an active role in their healing journey by fostering a collaborative and supportive environment to help them reach their goals.
(480) 660-3424 View (480) 660-3424
N B
Counselor
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Not accepting new clients
I offer support & skills for depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship conflicts, boundaries, parenting, spiritual challenges, & more.
I offer support & skills for depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship conflicts, boundaries, parenting, spiritual challenges, & more.
(602) 780-0346 View (602) 780-0346
Photo of Maryjoy Kearns, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maryjoy Kearns
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Fortitude can be cultivated through adversity; and while life experiences are chapters in our story, they do not define who we are or how the story must end. The passion I have for reflecting light and empowering strength in others is rooted in my personal story and testimony of resilience despite adversity. I have witnessed and experienced the power, meaning, and value of commitment to growth and healing and I firmly believe in the therapeutic process and its results. We all deserve the opportunity to see a reflection of our inner strengths and experience a sense of empowerment for personal growth and healing.
Fortitude can be cultivated through adversity; and while life experiences are chapters in our story, they do not define who we are or how the story must end. The passion I have for reflecting light and empowering strength in others is rooted in my personal story and testimony of resilience despite adversity. I have witnessed and experienced the power, meaning, and value of commitment to growth and healing and I firmly believe in the therapeutic process and its results. We all deserve the opportunity to see a reflection of our inner strengths and experience a sense of empowerment for personal growth and healing.
(623) 292-4660 View (623) 292-4660
Photo of Varsha Prasad, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Varsha Prasad
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Heal & blossom into you. I work with adults who feel overwhelmed, powerless and not good enough. If you are feeling stuck, you may feel doubtful about whether you will ever feel better. It makes sense you might feel this way, and there is hope.
Heal & blossom into you. I work with adults who feel overwhelmed, powerless and not good enough. If you are feeling stuck, you may feel doubtful about whether you will ever feel better. It makes sense you might feel this way, and there is hope.
(480) 771-9732 View (480) 771-9732
Photo of Dr. Danielle Weston, PsyD , Psychologist
Dr. Danielle Weston
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
I provide treatment for those seeking to overcome personal barriers, trauma, and or stressors in their life. I work with clients who range from those needing guidance through a sudden life hardship to those wanting personal growth and development of insight into life-long patterns of behavior. Regardless of the motive for treatment, my goal is to assist you through the use of evidence-based practices that are tailor fitted to your needs. I am here to help you navigate through the stress and chaos life can throw your way.
I provide treatment for those seeking to overcome personal barriers, trauma, and or stressors in their life. I work with clients who range from those needing guidance through a sudden life hardship to those wanting personal growth and development of insight into life-long patterns of behavior. Regardless of the motive for treatment, my goal is to assist you through the use of evidence-based practices that are tailor fitted to your needs. I am here to help you navigate through the stress and chaos life can throw your way.
(480) 914-5219 View (480) 914-5219
Photo of Sebastian A Cambo Diaz, PsyD, Psychologist
Sebastian A Cambo Diaz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85253
Fully bilingual (English/Spanish) clinical and sport psychologist offering individual therapy, couples' therapy, and sport psychology and individual therapy (online and/or on-site). Exclusive to Arizona residents only. (spanish) - Psicólogo clínico y del deporte (bilingüe inglés/español) ofreciendo terapia individual, terapia de parejas y psicología deportiva (online o en oficina). Solo para residentes de Arizona.
Fully bilingual (English/Spanish) clinical and sport psychologist offering individual therapy, couples' therapy, and sport psychology and individual therapy (online and/or on-site). Exclusive to Arizona residents only. (spanish) - Psicólogo clínico y del deporte (bilingüe inglés/español) ofreciendo terapia individual, terapia de parejas y psicología deportiva (online o en oficina). Solo para residentes de Arizona.
(623) 288-4413 View (623) 288-4413
Photo of Haley Fieger, LAMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Haley Fieger
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Are you wanting to break free of patterns that no longer serve you? I would love to provide a safe place for you if you are experiencing any stress or lack of control, if you have been exposed to trauma (indoctrination/religious harm or trauma), or if you identify as a part of the LGBTQ+ community. I also would love to work with you and your partner in couples therapy to help you communicate effectively and love more openly through increased vulnerability and healthy boundaries in your relationship.
Are you wanting to break free of patterns that no longer serve you? I would love to provide a safe place for you if you are experiencing any stress or lack of control, if you have been exposed to trauma (indoctrination/religious harm or trauma), or if you identify as a part of the LGBTQ+ community. I also would love to work with you and your partner in couples therapy to help you communicate effectively and love more openly through increased vulnerability and healthy boundaries in your relationship.
(480) 771-9351 View (480) 771-9351
Photo of Brianna Aldrich, PsyD, Psychologist
Brianna Aldrich
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85255
I specialize in working with children, teens, adults, and families. I have extensive training in psychological assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as general mental health challenges. In individual therapy, I believe in a neurodiversity affirming approach that utilizes individual strengths to support areas of challenge. I incorporate strategies from cognitive behavioral, dialectical behavioral, emotional-focused, and interpersonal therapies to help client’s reach their best potential. In family therapy, I utilize Emotionally Focused Family Therapy to help families better understand each others’ attachment needs.
I specialize in working with children, teens, adults, and families. I have extensive training in psychological assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as general mental health challenges. In individual therapy, I believe in a neurodiversity affirming approach that utilizes individual strengths to support areas of challenge. I incorporate strategies from cognitive behavioral, dialectical behavioral, emotional-focused, and interpersonal therapies to help client’s reach their best potential. In family therapy, I utilize Emotionally Focused Family Therapy to help families better understand each others’ attachment needs.
(480) 933-1562 View (480) 933-1562
Photo of Natalie J Summit - Within Reach Summit Consulting, Natalie Summit, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Within Reach Summit Consulting
Licensed Professional Counselor, Natalie Summit, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250  (Online Only)
In 2019, I retired from a local Law Enforcement agency where I provided crisis intervention services to the community. It was an amazing 20-year career helping people on what was often referred to as the worst day of their life. Many of those calls for service included assisting individuals and families dealing with mental illness, addiction, domestic violence, sex crimes, child and elder abuse/neglect, and death related situations (natural, suicide, homicide, and accidental). I learned 3 things; people are incredibly resilient, desperate to be heard, and open to options when respect and trust exist. My ideal client meets all three.
In 2019, I retired from a local Law Enforcement agency where I provided crisis intervention services to the community. It was an amazing 20-year career helping people on what was often referred to as the worst day of their life. Many of those calls for service included assisting individuals and families dealing with mental illness, addiction, domestic violence, sex crimes, child and elder abuse/neglect, and death related situations (natural, suicide, homicide, and accidental). I learned 3 things; people are incredibly resilient, desperate to be heard, and open to options when respect and trust exist. My ideal client meets all three.
(480) 372-9596 View (480) 372-9596
Vivian E Watters
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Vivian Watters, LMSW and I am honored to have the opportunity to work with you on your mental health journey. My goal is to bring healing and comfort to many aspects of your life. I understand that there is no ‘one size fits all” when it comes to unravelling life’s stressful challenges, so allow me to be on this journey with you.
Hello, my name is Vivian Watters, LMSW and I am honored to have the opportunity to work with you on your mental health journey. My goal is to bring healing and comfort to many aspects of your life. I understand that there is no ‘one size fits all” when it comes to unravelling life’s stressful challenges, so allow me to be on this journey with you.
View
Photo of Trenel Loggins, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Trenel Loggins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
I believe in a holistic, mind, body, and spirit connection to therapy. I’ve found my purpose by guiding others to healing from Trauma, Attachment Issues, Relationship Issues, Family Origin issues, Self-Esteem, Grief, and many others. My ideal client is someone who is willing to be a co-creator in their journey. Someone who is willing to do the work as an investment in themselves. I want to encourage my client to be the validation that they are seeking in others. With Trust as a key component, you will build trust in yourself and in turn within others. This allows us to cultivate long-lasting and meaningful relationships.
I believe in a holistic, mind, body, and spirit connection to therapy. I’ve found my purpose by guiding others to healing from Trauma, Attachment Issues, Relationship Issues, Family Origin issues, Self-Esteem, Grief, and many others. My ideal client is someone who is willing to be a co-creator in their journey. Someone who is willing to do the work as an investment in themselves. I want to encourage my client to be the validation that they are seeking in others. With Trust as a key component, you will build trust in yourself and in turn within others. This allows us to cultivate long-lasting and meaningful relationships.
(480) 741-1493 View (480) 741-1493
Photo of Gabrielle Lawrence Phd, PhD, MA, RPT-S, Psychologist
Gabrielle Lawrence Phd
Psychologist, PhD, MA, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
I am an attachment based psychologist. I specialize in traumatic loss, marriage and family, bereavement, Play therapy, Parenting coaching, EMDR, and Somatic Experiencing, child, adolescents, and adult and relationship therapy. I am a solution-focused, brief therapist. The client sets the goals and we work collaboratively, using the skills and strategies mentioned above to achieve his or her goals. I try to create a warm, caring, safe relationship in which my client can discover his or her answers within.
I am an attachment based psychologist. I specialize in traumatic loss, marriage and family, bereavement, Play therapy, Parenting coaching, EMDR, and Somatic Experiencing, child, adolescents, and adult and relationship therapy. I am a solution-focused, brief therapist. The client sets the goals and we work collaboratively, using the skills and strategies mentioned above to achieve his or her goals. I try to create a warm, caring, safe relationship in which my client can discover his or her answers within.
(480) 382-7963 View (480) 382-7963
Photo of Sonja Raciti, PsyD, ABPP, LP, Psychologist
Sonja Raciti
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP, LP
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Not accepting new clients
I attended Hawaii Pacific University as an undergrad and completed my graduate work at Argosy University San Francisco. I joined the United States Air Force as a Clinical Psychologists and am passionate about continuing to help those that have served. I have private practice in Scottsdale and specialize in trauma treatment, maltreatment, depression, anxiety and grief to name a few. I am a Child Psychologist and do play therapy as well as family treatment. For those struggling with memory problems/ADHD, I have evidence based treatment to assist. I have flexible morning and evening hours.
I attended Hawaii Pacific University as an undergrad and completed my graduate work at Argosy University San Francisco. I joined the United States Air Force as a Clinical Psychologists and am passionate about continuing to help those that have served. I have private practice in Scottsdale and specialize in trauma treatment, maltreatment, depression, anxiety and grief to name a few. I am a Child Psychologist and do play therapy as well as family treatment. For those struggling with memory problems/ADHD, I have evidence based treatment to assist. I have flexible morning and evening hours.
(210) 538-6524 View (210) 538-6524
Photo of Melissa Thornburg, MA, LPC, ASAT, RYT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa Thornburg
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ASAT, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
As a Therapist in long term recovery from both substance and process addictions, I've received support from some very special humans who've lit the way for me to peer into the areas of my path that were either blind spots or I just couldn't see from an objective perspective (yet). After a career in corporate development, I'm grateful to have transitioned to providing the work that's helped me come to terms with life and my place in it; work that feeds my soul and shines the light on those dark places so many of us are challenged to venture into alone. Together, we can explore and make meaning of what's happened to you.
As a Therapist in long term recovery from both substance and process addictions, I've received support from some very special humans who've lit the way for me to peer into the areas of my path that were either blind spots or I just couldn't see from an objective perspective (yet). After a career in corporate development, I'm grateful to have transitioned to providing the work that's helped me come to terms with life and my place in it; work that feeds my soul and shines the light on those dark places so many of us are challenged to venture into alone. Together, we can explore and make meaning of what's happened to you.
(480) 470-7167 View (480) 470-7167
Photo of Mark Noble, BS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Mark Noble
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
Immediate availability! Are you facing obstacles in your life that leave you feeling overwhelmed or uncertain about the future? It's understandable to feel overwhelmed or uncertain when facing obstacles in life, unsure of the path forward, and pressured to have everything sorted out. As your therapist, I offer a customized approach tailored to your unique needs. Together, we'll create a nurturing environment where trust, warmth, and open dialogue thrive.
Immediate availability! Are you facing obstacles in your life that leave you feeling overwhelmed or uncertain about the future? It's understandable to feel overwhelmed or uncertain when facing obstacles in life, unsure of the path forward, and pressured to have everything sorted out. As your therapist, I offer a customized approach tailored to your unique needs. Together, we'll create a nurturing environment where trust, warmth, and open dialogue thrive.
(480) 520-0642 View (480) 520-0642
Photo of Todd Basta, MBA, LPC, BC-TMH, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Todd Basta
Licensed Professional Counselor, MBA, LPC, BC-TMH, EMDR
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Hello and welcome. I am an experienced psychotherapist; serving diverse populations. My theoretical orientation (approach) is based on Carl Rogers "Person Centered". My education and training in ‘community health’ has enabled me the opportunity to serve high-need populations with a wide variety of issues, including depression, anxiety, trauma, personality disorders, Bipolar, (OCD), and neurodiverse populations. I use a direct and clinical approach with my clients; identifying and addressing key client issues, quickly, in an ethical and confidential manner.
Hello and welcome. I am an experienced psychotherapist; serving diverse populations. My theoretical orientation (approach) is based on Carl Rogers "Person Centered". My education and training in ‘community health’ has enabled me the opportunity to serve high-need populations with a wide variety of issues, including depression, anxiety, trauma, personality disorders, Bipolar, (OCD), and neurodiverse populations. I use a direct and clinical approach with my clients; identifying and addressing key client issues, quickly, in an ethical and confidential manner.
(480) 485-6708 View (480) 485-6708
Photo of Gloria Cabrera Eichenauer - Gloria Eichenauer , MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gloria Eichenauer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Consider for a moment that your overwhelm, burnout and despair are greatly misunderstood energies coming up for a reason... perhaps to set you free. Leaning into the heat of what’s arising, learning how to hold your pain is a process. I guide you through a powerful breathwork practice designed to release suppressed emotions. The body naturally recalibrates the nervous system. Through hypnotherapy I remind you of what you've forgotten. Not only are you capable of withstanding these storms, you're yearning to face off with them and discover the truth of who you are. Liberate the stuck energy and free yourSelf.
Consider for a moment that your overwhelm, burnout and despair are greatly misunderstood energies coming up for a reason... perhaps to set you free. Leaning into the heat of what’s arising, learning how to hold your pain is a process. I guide you through a powerful breathwork practice designed to release suppressed emotions. The body naturally recalibrates the nervous system. Through hypnotherapy I remind you of what you've forgotten. Not only are you capable of withstanding these storms, you're yearning to face off with them and discover the truth of who you are. Liberate the stuck energy and free yourSelf.
(602) 671-3197 View (602) 671-3197
Photo of Elizabeth Kresojevich, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elizabeth Kresojevich
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
My belief is that therapy is a collaborative process that includes integration of culture, values, and morals for couples and families. I believe that therapy is a journey where we utilize story-telling to explore different patterns of anxiety, distress, and grief to create a narrative that feels comfortable and aligns with your goals as a couple or family.
My belief is that therapy is a collaborative process that includes integration of culture, values, and morals for couples and families. I believe that therapy is a journey where we utilize story-telling to explore different patterns of anxiety, distress, and grief to create a narrative that feels comfortable and aligns with your goals as a couple or family.
(602) 892-5360 View (602) 892-5360
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scottsdale?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.