Counselling in London

View neighbourhoods and districts in London
Photo of Eilis Quinlan, Psychologist in London, England
Eilis Quinlan
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London N10
I am a BPS-Chartered Clinical Psychologist working in private practice and the NHS. I also hold an Honorary Teaching Fellow at University College London and contribute to the teaching and training of psychologists. I am passionate about providing effective psychological therapy for each and every client that I work with. My approach is honest and open and I treat all clients with warmth and compassion. I stay up to date with the most recent psychological research and ensure that the services I offer are evidence based.
I am a BPS-Chartered Clinical Psychologist working in private practice and the NHS. I also hold an Honorary Teaching Fellow at University College London and contribute to the teaching and training of psychologists. I am passionate about providing effective psychological therapy for each and every client that I work with. My approach is honest and open and I treat all clients with warmth and compassion. I stay up to date with the most recent psychological research and ensure that the services I offer are evidence based.
020 3872 2029 View 020 3872 2029
Photo of Zi Bishop, Counsellor in London, England
Zi Bishop
Counsellor, MA, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
London E8
Hello I'm Zi. I have 7 years experience as a Psychotherapist working with individuals and couples to manage stress and anxiety, relationship issues, trauma and parenting challenges. I am non judgemental in my approach as I believe in treating everyone with compassion and sensitivity. Our sessions will be tailor made to suit your needs, and draws on aspects of therapy, which involves helping you to bring what is unconscious - into your conscious mind. My modality also explores patterns of behaviour to provide practical tools and strategies to enhance your wellbeing.
Hello I'm Zi. I have 7 years experience as a Psychotherapist working with individuals and couples to manage stress and anxiety, relationship issues, trauma and parenting challenges. I am non judgemental in my approach as I believe in treating everyone with compassion and sensitivity. Our sessions will be tailor made to suit your needs, and draws on aspects of therapy, which involves helping you to bring what is unconscious - into your conscious mind. My modality also explores patterns of behaviour to provide practical tools and strategies to enhance your wellbeing.
020 3728 8875 View 020 3728 8875
Photo of Isabelle Kirsch, Counsellor in London, England
Isabelle Kirsch
Counsellor, PsychD
Verified Verified
London SW18  (Online Only)
Taking the first step to solve intimacy issues can often feel intimidating but from our first call I will help you feel as comfortable as I can. . Through positive-oriented therapy, I help you get to the root cause of the problem and guide you to implement practical solutions. I work extensively with clients struggling with sexual issues such as low sexual desire, anxiety, erectile dysfunction, vaginismus and sex/porn addiction as well as couples looking to fix relationship problems which include communication difficulties, mismatched libido, conflict and betrayal.
Taking the first step to solve intimacy issues can often feel intimidating but from our first call I will help you feel as comfortable as I can. . Through positive-oriented therapy, I help you get to the root cause of the problem and guide you to implement practical solutions. I work extensively with clients struggling with sexual issues such as low sexual desire, anxiety, erectile dysfunction, vaginismus and sex/porn addiction as well as couples looking to fix relationship problems which include communication difficulties, mismatched libido, conflict and betrayal.
View
Photo of Concetta Perôt, Psychotherapist in London, England
Concetta Perôt
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London SW16
I am BACP accredited & have 25 years’ experience of supporting people through life's difficulties, including many years doing so online. I am empathic, knowledgeable and consider it a real privilege to be a therapist. I will provide you a safe space- whatever issues have led you here, we can explore these together to understand them better, clarify what you want to see change & find the next steps to make those changes. I have worked with young people in care, families and with survivors of trauma and abuse so I am able to be alongside people in the messiness and distress of life and provide caring and skilful insight and support.
I am BACP accredited & have 25 years’ experience of supporting people through life's difficulties, including many years doing so online. I am empathic, knowledgeable and consider it a real privilege to be a therapist. I will provide you a safe space- whatever issues have led you here, we can explore these together to understand them better, clarify what you want to see change & find the next steps to make those changes. I have worked with young people in care, families and with survivors of trauma and abuse so I am able to be alongside people in the messiness and distress of life and provide caring and skilful insight and support.
020 8103 6827 View 020 8103 6827
Photo of Aya Training & Development, Psychotherapist in London, England
Aya Training & Development
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE23
Aya Training & Development (ATD) is a complex trauma mental health training provider & intercultural psychotherapy group private practice made up of a team of qualified associate therapists. We are dedicated to offering a culturally sensitive trauma informed approach to talking therapy for individuals, groups & couples aged 18 & over. A compassionate, inclusive space for you to explore your well-being concerns, with a particular focus on issues related to domestic abuse, racial-cultural identity, childhood, sexual & racial trauma. Support is also provided for other well-being and mental health concerns. Ayatrainingdevelopment.com
Aya Training & Development (ATD) is a complex trauma mental health training provider & intercultural psychotherapy group private practice made up of a team of qualified associate therapists. We are dedicated to offering a culturally sensitive trauma informed approach to talking therapy for individuals, groups & couples aged 18 & over. A compassionate, inclusive space for you to explore your well-being concerns, with a particular focus on issues related to domestic abuse, racial-cultural identity, childhood, sexual & racial trauma. Support is also provided for other well-being and mental health concerns. Ayatrainingdevelopment.com
07480 549059 x079037 View 07480 549059 x079037
Danny Goldberger
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London SW17
I am an adult psychotherapist and a consultant psychoanalytic Child & Adolescent Psychotherapist with more than 30 years experience in the NHS, community setting and in independent practice. I work with adults, young people, children and families, including in parent-infant psychotherapy, with a range of issues and challenges.
I am an adult psychotherapist and a consultant psychoanalytic Child & Adolescent Psychotherapist with more than 30 years experience in the NHS, community setting and in independent practice. I work with adults, young people, children and families, including in parent-infant psychotherapy, with a range of issues and challenges.
020 4538 3459 View 020 4538 3459
Photo of Forest Therapy Wellness Centre, Psychotherapist in London, England
Forest Therapy Wellness Centre
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
London E18
After providing psychological services in excess I’d 27 years, I now have ver many specializations. My ideal client is anyone who is able to engage effectively and explore becoming more vulnerable with themselves. Any type of relationship, individual, couple of family of any description issue. This includes exploring their personal relationship with managing their anger appropriately with me is my bread and butter if you like. I specialize with most forms of Neuro Divergencies. Childhood Trauma both real and perceived. Run your issue by me, as if I do not have direct experience, the likelihood as practice manager I can direct
After providing psychological services in excess I’d 27 years, I now have ver many specializations. My ideal client is anyone who is able to engage effectively and explore becoming more vulnerable with themselves. Any type of relationship, individual, couple of family of any description issue. This includes exploring their personal relationship with managing their anger appropriately with me is my bread and butter if you like. I specialize with most forms of Neuro Divergencies. Childhood Trauma both real and perceived. Run your issue by me, as if I do not have direct experience, the likelihood as practice manager I can direct
020 3984 9089 View 020 3984 9089
Photo of Dr Charley Deacon, Psychologist in London, England
Dr Charley Deacon
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
London SW4
Whatever has brought you here, welcome! I’m Charley, a Psychologist based in South West London. I have over 10 years’ experience supporting young people, adults and families facing difficult times in their lives. I offer a warm and down-to-earth approach and my main focus is on providing a safe and non-judgemental space to talk. My priority is that therapy is as helpful for you as possible so my approach is collaborative and open. I work with people from all walks of life and have a special interest in supporting those facing difficulties relating to pregnancy, birth and the early years of a child's life.
Whatever has brought you here, welcome! I’m Charley, a Psychologist based in South West London. I have over 10 years’ experience supporting young people, adults and families facing difficult times in their lives. I offer a warm and down-to-earth approach and my main focus is on providing a safe and non-judgemental space to talk. My priority is that therapy is as helpful for you as possible so my approach is collaborative and open. I work with people from all walks of life and have a special interest in supporting those facing difficulties relating to pregnancy, birth and the early years of a child's life.
020 3835 6254 View 020 3835 6254
Photo of Carla Di Falco, Psychologist in London, England
Carla Di Falco
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
London N1
You may decide to seek individual therapy for different reasons: ​ you may be experiencing some difficulties or changes in your life affecting you and/or their family and significant others. ​ You may also decide to come to therapy to have an opportunity to think about how you would like to improve your life, confidence and self-esteem. ​ In our initial appointment, we will have a chance to discuss what your goals are and what change you would like to see and to assess if I am the right fit for you.
You may decide to seek individual therapy for different reasons: ​ you may be experiencing some difficulties or changes in your life affecting you and/or their family and significant others. ​ You may also decide to come to therapy to have an opportunity to think about how you would like to improve your life, confidence and self-esteem. ​ In our initial appointment, we will have a chance to discuss what your goals are and what change you would like to see and to assess if I am the right fit for you.
07581 684525 View 07581 684525
Photo of Janet Stevens, Counsellor in London, England
Janet Stevens
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
London N20
It can be so hard to reach out when you need help. A problem or worry can be something from the past or a current situation that leaves you overwhelmed and unable to move forward. Maybe you instinctively feel something needs to change, but don’t know how to make that happen. Training in different modalities enables me to work flexibly and holistically, adapting my approach to meet your needs. My approach to counselling is underpinned by the belief that everyone can change and heal, provided their environment facilitates growth. I aim to provide such an environment whereby you are equipped to take action for yourself.
It can be so hard to reach out when you need help. A problem or worry can be something from the past or a current situation that leaves you overwhelmed and unable to move forward. Maybe you instinctively feel something needs to change, but don’t know how to make that happen. Training in different modalities enables me to work flexibly and holistically, adapting my approach to meet your needs. My approach to counselling is underpinned by the belief that everyone can change and heal, provided their environment facilitates growth. I aim to provide such an environment whereby you are equipped to take action for yourself.
020 4538 1449 View 020 4538 1449
Photo of Jonathan Cullen, Psychotherapist in London, England
Jonathan Cullen
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London NW4
Welcome to my Counseling Practice, where my commitment to trauma-informed care guides our journey towards healing. I recognize the diverse experiences of individuals seeking support and prioritize creating a safe, nurturing environment for transformative growth. My approach is rooted in the latest research, emphasizing compassion, empowerment, and respect for each person's unique journey. Together, we will cultivate resilience and well-being. With 25 years of experience spanning the professional and academic realms, I offer a deep understanding of life's complexities.
Welcome to my Counseling Practice, where my commitment to trauma-informed care guides our journey towards healing. I recognize the diverse experiences of individuals seeking support and prioritize creating a safe, nurturing environment for transformative growth. My approach is rooted in the latest research, emphasizing compassion, empowerment, and respect for each person's unique journey. Together, we will cultivate resilience and well-being. With 25 years of experience spanning the professional and academic realms, I offer a deep understanding of life's complexities.
020 3872 0015 View 020 3872 0015
Photo of Sebastian Colonna, Psychotherapist in London, England
Sebastian Colonna
Psychotherapist, BPC
Verified Verified
London SW18
I am an accredited psychodynamic psychotherapist and counsellor with experience in offering help with depression, anxiety, trauma and relationship issues. I specialise in early childhood, generational and complex trauma, and in intercultural issues. I formerly worked in frontline emergency work and have worked in private practice since 2014.
I am an accredited psychodynamic psychotherapist and counsellor with experience in offering help with depression, anxiety, trauma and relationship issues. I specialise in early childhood, generational and complex trauma, and in intercultural issues. I formerly worked in frontline emergency work and have worked in private practice since 2014.
020 3389 7102 View 020 3389 7102
Photo of Becky Sarah Burnett, Psychotherapist in London, England
Becky Sarah Burnett
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
London W11
Waitlist for new clients
I've worked for six years supporting people suffering with eating disorders, body image issues, anxiety, depression and various addictions. My extensive experience has shown me that these symptoms are often a response to distressing or painful situations which can come from all areas of life, perhaps difficult relationships, grief or troubling events. I strive to meet all my clients with unconditional positive regard, with compassion and empathy. I work alongside my clients to nurture a space where they feel they can bring all of themselves, and meet even the most painful or shamed parts without judgment or criticism.
I've worked for six years supporting people suffering with eating disorders, body image issues, anxiety, depression and various addictions. My extensive experience has shown me that these symptoms are often a response to distressing or painful situations which can come from all areas of life, perhaps difficult relationships, grief or troubling events. I strive to meet all my clients with unconditional positive regard, with compassion and empathy. I work alongside my clients to nurture a space where they feel they can bring all of themselves, and meet even the most painful or shamed parts without judgment or criticism.
020 3984 8731 View 020 3984 8731
Photo of Christine Marie West, Psychotherapist in London, England
Christine Marie West
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N8
I offer a confidential non- judgemental space where you can talk about what is concerning you. You may come because you have issues related to anxiety, stress, sadness, low self esteem or anger. You may have deep feelings of disappointment with yourself, and others, or feelings of pointlessness, conflict within relationships. You may be struggling with a personal crisis or life event and would like to talk through with someone who is outside your friendship or family group. I listen to what is concerning you and help you reflect and explore these issues from various angles so that you find a clearer way forward.
I offer a confidential non- judgemental space where you can talk about what is concerning you. You may come because you have issues related to anxiety, stress, sadness, low self esteem or anger. You may have deep feelings of disappointment with yourself, and others, or feelings of pointlessness, conflict within relationships. You may be struggling with a personal crisis or life event and would like to talk through with someone who is outside your friendship or family group. I listen to what is concerning you and help you reflect and explore these issues from various angles so that you find a clearer way forward.
020 8059 2248 View 020 8059 2248
Photo of Counselling in Clapham, Psychotherapist in London, England
Counselling in Clapham
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London SW9
Hello, I am a BACP Accred and Registered psychotherapist/clinical supervisor who has 15+ years experience of working with individuals within different voluntary settings and private practice, working with young people as well as the older adult population suffering from both short and long-term multi-dimensional problems and psychological difficulties.
Hello, I am a BACP Accred and Registered psychotherapist/clinical supervisor who has 15+ years experience of working with individuals within different voluntary settings and private practice, working with young people as well as the older adult population suffering from both short and long-term multi-dimensional problems and psychological difficulties.
020 3479 4163 View 020 3479 4163
Photo of Dr Hjördis Lorenz (Abode Therapy), Psychologist in London, England
Dr Hjördis Lorenz (Abode Therapy)
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London W1U  (Online Only)
I am a Clinical Psychologist who works with a range of mental health difficulties including anxiety, phobias, grief and loss, and relationship difficulties. I am particularly experienced in working with people struggling with the effects of trauma from childhood or adulthood, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Complex PTSD, substance use, and social anxiety. In all my work, I adapt therapy to your needs, including neurodiversity (e.g. ADHD), health issues, and cultural contexts. Alongside my work at ABODE, I work in a specialist trauma service in the NHS, and research social anxiety treatments at University of Oxford.
I am a Clinical Psychologist who works with a range of mental health difficulties including anxiety, phobias, grief and loss, and relationship difficulties. I am particularly experienced in working with people struggling with the effects of trauma from childhood or adulthood, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Complex PTSD, substance use, and social anxiety. In all my work, I adapt therapy to your needs, including neurodiversity (e.g. ADHD), health issues, and cultural contexts. Alongside my work at ABODE, I work in a specialist trauma service in the NHS, and research social anxiety treatments at University of Oxford.
View
Photo of Dr Jodie Waterhouse, Psychologist in London, England
Dr Jodie Waterhouse
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London E17
Hello, my name is Jodie. I am a Senior Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years experience working within the NHS, private and charity sectors. I specialise in work with adults and young people and really work hard to ensure each of my clients is offered thoughtful and individualised care. Life can be hard and I believe that everyone could benefit from therapy at a number of points in their life, not just at the point of mental health crisis. People often come to see me at a time of change, life transition or when there is a difficult decision to be made in their lives. Alternatively, people might reach out when feeling stuck.
Hello, my name is Jodie. I am a Senior Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years experience working within the NHS, private and charity sectors. I specialise in work with adults and young people and really work hard to ensure each of my clients is offered thoughtful and individualised care. Life can be hard and I believe that everyone could benefit from therapy at a number of points in their life, not just at the point of mental health crisis. People often come to see me at a time of change, life transition or when there is a difficult decision to be made in their lives. Alternatively, people might reach out when feeling stuck.
020 8138 0369 View 020 8138 0369
Photo of Anthony Richard Fletcher Clarke, Psychotherapist in London, England
Anthony Richard Fletcher Clarke
Psychotherapist, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
London SE1
Extreme trauma exists in PTSD but in some way all of us experience trauma from the school bully to the manager who does not listen. We all have states of anxiety and depression. What is a normal state and how do we know if we are heading for a breakdown. What is a balanced happy life? We can have control of some things in our life and other things come along and smack us in the face. What therapy with me does is give you a space for observation without personal judgement or criticism , just questions from me so that I understand your motivations and help shape your goals. Sometimes your answers are in the past, often in the present.
Extreme trauma exists in PTSD but in some way all of us experience trauma from the school bully to the manager who does not listen. We all have states of anxiety and depression. What is a normal state and how do we know if we are heading for a breakdown. What is a balanced happy life? We can have control of some things in our life and other things come along and smack us in the face. What therapy with me does is give you a space for observation without personal judgement or criticism , just questions from me so that I understand your motivations and help shape your goals. Sometimes your answers are in the past, often in the present.
020 8059 2297 View 020 8059 2297
Photo of Katia Volodina, Psychologist in London, England
Katia Volodina
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE1
Life is full of adversity, which at times prove too overwhelming or painful for our coping mechanisms. In addition, the trauma may be too intimate to share with friends or family members. This is the point when therapy can prove to be of valid help. Therapy can also support you through life transition and help you to process a significant life event. It offers a safe, confidential and non-judgmental space to talk through and explore past experiences that influences the way we are today. It can help in prioritising what really matters, unblocks creativity and provides tools to turn crises into opportunities.
Life is full of adversity, which at times prove too overwhelming or painful for our coping mechanisms. In addition, the trauma may be too intimate to share with friends or family members. This is the point when therapy can prove to be of valid help. Therapy can also support you through life transition and help you to process a significant life event. It offers a safe, confidential and non-judgmental space to talk through and explore past experiences that influences the way we are today. It can help in prioritising what really matters, unblocks creativity and provides tools to turn crises into opportunities.
020 8016 2185 View 020 8016 2185
Photo of Dr Dean Flanagan, Psychologist in London, England
Dr Dean Flanagan
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London WC1B
I am a Chartered Psychologist who specialises in supporting young people 14 to 25 years old. I have supported young people with various difficulties including anxiety, depression, relationships, loss as well as life transitions and identity. I can draw upon a range of evidence based psychological approaches to meet your needs and achieve your personal goals.
I am a Chartered Psychologist who specialises in supporting young people 14 to 25 years old. I have supported young people with various difficulties including anxiety, depression, relationships, loss as well as life transitions and identity. I can draw upon a range of evidence based psychological approaches to meet your needs and achieve your personal goals.
020 3835 6408 View 020 3835 6408

See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London

3,000+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in London who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
84% Self Esteem
81% Relationship Issues
79% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
63% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aviva
65% AXA PPP
58% Vitality

How Counsellors in London see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.