Buddhist Counselling in Middlewich

Photo of Julie Forrest - Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT), MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT)
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Middlewich CW10
I'm a fully accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) with post graduate certificate in Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT). I am an ISST accredited Schema Therapist. I have used Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) with social anxiety, OCD, PTSD and depression. I specialise in using schema therapy with people who have life patterns originating from difficulties in early life. In adult life this can shows itself as high levels of anxiety, fear of abandonment, self-criticism, low mood, feeling overwhelmed, feeling like a failure, feeling alone, blaming yourself for everything, feeling guilty and people pleasing.
I'm a fully accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) with post graduate certificate in Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT). I am an ISST accredited Schema Therapist. I have used Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) with social anxiety, OCD, PTSD and depression. I specialise in using schema therapy with people who have life patterns originating from difficulties in early life. In adult life this can shows itself as high levels of anxiety, fear of abandonment, self-criticism, low mood, feeling overwhelmed, feeling like a failure, feeling alone, blaming yourself for everything, feeling guilty and people pleasing.
01606 533793 View 01606 533793

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Samantha Wilkins, COSRT Accred, Psychotherapist
Samantha Wilkins
Psychotherapist, COSRT Accred
Verified Verified
Winsford CW7
Samantha brings a non-judgemental and open-minded approach to her practice, creating a safe space for individuals and couples to explore their sexual desires and preferences, including those that fall outside of the traditional norms. Samantha works with a range of sexual function issues and relationship problems, of which she has a deep understanding of empathy and acceptance. Samantha’s clients appreciate her warmth, understanding and her ability to integrate her diverse experiences into her therapeutic practice fostering a sense of safety and trust.
Samantha brings a non-judgemental and open-minded approach to her practice, creating a safe space for individuals and couples to explore their sexual desires and preferences, including those that fall outside of the traditional norms. Samantha works with a range of sexual function issues and relationship problems, of which she has a deep understanding of empathy and acceptance. Samantha’s clients appreciate her warmth, understanding and her ability to integrate her diverse experiences into her therapeutic practice fostering a sense of safety and trust.
01928 243257 View 01928 243257
Photo of Adam Bruce, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Adam Bruce
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Nantwich CW5  (Online Only)
At times it’s natural to feel overwhelmed and stressed out by life. That can create deep sadness, despair or loss of hope resulting in depression. Feeling fearful and anxious about life and the future can feel too much to cope with and have a really profound affect on everyday life. Sometimes it is recent events that are causing you to feel that you are really struggling while at other times those difficulties are linked to childhood neglect, trauma or abuse. Sometimes how you feel about yourself can result in a lack of confidence or low self esteem which can impact on your ability to feel at peace in the world and in relationship.
At times it’s natural to feel overwhelmed and stressed out by life. That can create deep sadness, despair or loss of hope resulting in depression. Feeling fearful and anxious about life and the future can feel too much to cope with and have a really profound affect on everyday life. Sometimes it is recent events that are causing you to feel that you are really struggling while at other times those difficulties are linked to childhood neglect, trauma or abuse. Sometimes how you feel about yourself can result in a lack of confidence or low self esteem which can impact on your ability to feel at peace in the world and in relationship.
0116 502 0538 View 0116 502 0538

Online Therapists

Photo of Roger Jayamanne, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Roger Jayamanne
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Manchester M2
Diverse life experiences from a background in design, teaching and education and a number of years as a Buddhist monk training in meditation/mindfulness and currently studying an Msc in Neuroscience, inform my practice.
Suffering with our mental health is very hard to find relief from, finding ourselves going around in circles and losing touch with our previous lifestyle, wondering 'am I ever going to find a way out?' I offer you face-to-face sessions in a nurturing, non-judgemental environment . I work as an Integrative therapist so that your sessions are tailored to your needs. I predominantly draw upon Person Centred Therapy, ACT, CBT and Transactional Analysis to address issues such as: anxiety; trauma; depression/lack of motivation; disturbed sleep; performance/productivity, relationships/social interaction; existential angst/lack of meaning
Diverse life experiences from a background in design, teaching and education and a number of years as a Buddhist monk training in meditation/mindfulness and currently studying an Msc in Neuroscience, inform my practice.
Suffering with our mental health is very hard to find relief from, finding ourselves going around in circles and losing touch with our previous lifestyle, wondering 'am I ever going to find a way out?' I offer you face-to-face sessions in a nurturing, non-judgemental environment . I work as an Integrative therapist so that your sessions are tailored to your needs. I predominantly draw upon Person Centred Therapy, ACT, CBT and Transactional Analysis to address issues such as: anxiety; trauma; depression/lack of motivation; disturbed sleep; performance/productivity, relationships/social interaction; existential angst/lack of meaning
0161 524 4147 View 0161 524 4147
Photo of Sara Bartlett Brown, MBACP, Counsellor
Sara Bartlett Brown
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Sheffield S4  (Online Only)
My therapeutic practice is also informed and supported by my ongoing interest in Buddhist philosophy and Insight Meditation.
I work online with adult autistic Individuals and with Couples in the UK. I provide an accessible & compassionate service that reduces distress & enables people to address what is difficult. If we have not been understood and accepted we may develop ways of being and doing that do not support our well being. We keep our true selves hidden from others and whilst this protects us, it can cause much pain and limit us. With an understanding therapist we can trust, we begin to make sense of who we are, how we are and what has happened to us in our lives. We can be truer to ourselves and live with more confidence, ease and freedom.
My therapeutic practice is also informed and supported by my ongoing interest in Buddhist philosophy and Insight Meditation.
I work online with adult autistic Individuals and with Couples in the UK. I provide an accessible & compassionate service that reduces distress & enables people to address what is difficult. If we have not been understood and accepted we may develop ways of being and doing that do not support our well being. We keep our true selves hidden from others and whilst this protects us, it can cause much pain and limit us. With an understanding therapist we can trust, we begin to make sense of who we are, how we are and what has happened to us in our lives. We can be truer to ourselves and live with more confidence, ease and freedom.
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Photo of Holly Hagan-Walker, MBACP, Counsellor
Holly Hagan-Walker
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Lincoln LN2
Are you looking for someone to help you ride the wave of life and make sense of the storms? I offer a tailored approach to counselling and will support you through whatever difficulties you are facing. If you are seeking support for anxiety, depression, stress, loss, relationship worries, family struggles, work stress and anything else in between, I can help you make sense of the storms and find a way to ride the wave. I can work short-term (6, 12 or 20 sessions) or long-term - whatever works best for you. I offer weekly or fortnightly sessions, and can be flexible to suit what works best for you. I work with adults aged 17+.
Are you looking for someone to help you ride the wave of life and make sense of the storms? I offer a tailored approach to counselling and will support you through whatever difficulties you are facing. If you are seeking support for anxiety, depression, stress, loss, relationship worries, family struggles, work stress and anything else in between, I can help you make sense of the storms and find a way to ride the wave. I can work short-term (6, 12 or 20 sessions) or long-term - whatever works best for you. I offer weekly or fortnightly sessions, and can be flexible to suit what works best for you. I work with adults aged 17+.
01322 952245 View 01322 952245
Photo of Natalie Hewett, MSc
Natalie Hewett
MSc
Verified Verified
Manchester M16  (Online Only)
My passion & interest is helping people live more fulfilling lives. My areas of expertise are supporting people manage the impact of depression, anxiety & chronic stress on their daily lives, and the impact of chronic fatigue & pain conditions. I support people to be more ‘in the driving seat’ of their lives, to learn individual ways of managing their health challenges & not feel they're just ‘existing’. I help people build on their confidence, motivation & intention for making changes, helping them feel more balanced in their daily life rhythms, more calmer in their mind & body, and more satisfied in how they participate in life.
My passion & interest is helping people live more fulfilling lives. My areas of expertise are supporting people manage the impact of depression, anxiety & chronic stress on their daily lives, and the impact of chronic fatigue & pain conditions. I support people to be more ‘in the driving seat’ of their lives, to learn individual ways of managing their health challenges & not feel they're just ‘existing’. I help people build on their confidence, motivation & intention for making changes, helping them feel more balanced in their daily life rhythms, more calmer in their mind & body, and more satisfied in how they participate in life.
0161 636 3121 View 0161 636 3121
Photo of Alison Edwards - Alison Edwards Therapy, Coaching and Supervision, MSc, FMBPsS, Psychologist
Alison Edwards Therapy, Coaching and Supervision
Psychologist, MSc, FMBPsS
Verified Verified
Manchester M60  (Online Only)
Choosing a therapist can be a stressful process, and it's difficult to decide which kind of therapy to try. Many people find it helpful to work with a therapist who has trained in more than one therapy, who can switch to a different therapy when needed, and who can tailor sessions according to your needs. You can have a phone consultation with me to discuss what you are looking for and ask questions. 16 years experience in supporting neurodivergent clients (with ADHD, autism, dyslexia, dyspraxia or other difficulties) led me to further training in autism, and specialised CBT and ACT for ADHD and emotional regulation problems.
Choosing a therapist can be a stressful process, and it's difficult to decide which kind of therapy to try. Many people find it helpful to work with a therapist who has trained in more than one therapy, who can switch to a different therapy when needed, and who can tailor sessions according to your needs. You can have a phone consultation with me to discuss what you are looking for and ask questions. 16 years experience in supporting neurodivergent clients (with ADHD, autism, dyslexia, dyspraxia or other difficulties) led me to further training in autism, and specialised CBT and ACT for ADHD and emotional regulation problems.
056 0364 5810 View 056 0364 5810
Photo of Nigel Magowan, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Nigel Magowan
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Manchester M1
I am an experienced psychotherapist and have been in full-time private practice in Manchester since 2002. I use a flexible integrative approach and offer both long-term psychotherapy and counselling, as well as short-term therapies. I integrate psychotherapy with CBT, EMDR, Somatic Therapies, IFS, Focusing, DBT Skills, DBR, NLP and life coaching. I have experience of working with a wide range of issues including anxiety, PTSD, Complex PTSD, bereavement, BPD, depression, stress, abuse, generalised anxiety, OCD, public speaking, low self-esteem, relationship issues, shame, IBS and pain management. I am BACP and UKCP registered.
I am an experienced psychotherapist and have been in full-time private practice in Manchester since 2002. I use a flexible integrative approach and offer both long-term psychotherapy and counselling, as well as short-term therapies. I integrate psychotherapy with CBT, EMDR, Somatic Therapies, IFS, Focusing, DBT Skills, DBR, NLP and life coaching. I have experience of working with a wide range of issues including anxiety, PTSD, Complex PTSD, bereavement, BPD, depression, stress, abuse, generalised anxiety, OCD, public speaking, low self-esteem, relationship issues, shame, IBS and pain management. I am BACP and UKCP registered.
0161 696 3016 View 0161 696 3016
Photo of Helen Doherty, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Helen Doherty
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Leeds LS5
Are you struggling with challenging emotions, anxiety, low mood, low self worth? Do you find yourself caught up in patterns of overthinking? Maybe you feel stuck in a situation, unable to make change happen, or find yourself in a period of change and re-evaluation. My role is to help you find a pathway to understanding and change. Our work together might simply be talking, exploring how you feel just now, your values and your sense of self, understanding yourself better or making sense of situations and events. Or we might work with emotions and patterns that come up in our sessions and weave in other approaches if they are helpful.
Are you struggling with challenging emotions, anxiety, low mood, low self worth? Do you find yourself caught up in patterns of overthinking? Maybe you feel stuck in a situation, unable to make change happen, or find yourself in a period of change and re-evaluation. My role is to help you find a pathway to understanding and change. Our work together might simply be talking, exploring how you feel just now, your values and your sense of self, understanding yourself better or making sense of situations and events. Or we might work with emotions and patterns that come up in our sessions and weave in other approaches if they are helpful.
01484 627423 View 01484 627423
Photo of Laurent Gorce - LG Counselling, MSc, GMBPsS, Counsellor
LG Counselling
Counsellor, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
Pwllheli LL53
As a North Wales counsellor, I offer empathetic, tailored support, specialising in men's mental health, runner's mental well-being, industry burnouts, family/couples therapy, children and young person therapy. My practice focuses on helping clients combat challenges, advocating for work-life balance, strengthening relationships. I utilise various evidence-based therapies, continually expanding my skills to provide optimal care. Ultimately, my mission is to empower individuals to thrive despite their mental health challenges.
As a North Wales counsellor, I offer empathetic, tailored support, specialising in men's mental health, runner's mental well-being, industry burnouts, family/couples therapy, children and young person therapy. My practice focuses on helping clients combat challenges, advocating for work-life balance, strengthening relationships. I utilise various evidence-based therapies, continually expanding my skills to provide optimal care. Ultimately, my mission is to empower individuals to thrive despite their mental health challenges.
01758 658990 View 01758 658990
Photo of Dr Keith Abbott, PhD, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Dr Keith Abbott
Counsellor, PhD, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Loughborough LE11
I’m passionate about helping you make more of your life, whether you want to work on personal, psychological, relationship, mental health or spiritual issues or to find more meaning, fulfilment, purpose and happiness in life. I have a Masters degree (with Distinction) in Person-Centred Counselling & Psychotherapy Practice. I offer short and long term counselling and psychotherapy, and counselling supervision. I help men, women and couples of many professions, occupations and nationalities, from 18 upwards in UK and (online) overseas. I provide individual sessions, couples sessions and am a qualified counselling supervisor.
I’m passionate about helping you make more of your life, whether you want to work on personal, psychological, relationship, mental health or spiritual issues or to find more meaning, fulfilment, purpose and happiness in life. I have a Masters degree (with Distinction) in Person-Centred Counselling & Psychotherapy Practice. I offer short and long term counselling and psychotherapy, and counselling supervision. I help men, women and couples of many professions, occupations and nationalities, from 18 upwards in UK and (online) overseas. I provide individual sessions, couples sessions and am a qualified counselling supervisor.
01509 323243 View 01509 323243
Photo of Linda Clerkin, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Linda Clerkin
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Lincoln LN6  (Online Only)
I am a UKCP psychotherapist registered with the professional standards authority. I am a systemic practitioner using transactional analysis as my main model. This means I can work with couples and families as well as with individuals. Couples will inevitably have problems and suffer disillusionment, this is normal and not a sign your relationship is doomed. Problems in families are often laid at the door of one person but as we look at what is going on we usually find that the problem is in the system. I have lived experience of adoption and living with neurodiversity so understand how these experiences effect couples and families.
I am a UKCP psychotherapist registered with the professional standards authority. I am a systemic practitioner using transactional analysis as my main model. This means I can work with couples and families as well as with individuals. Couples will inevitably have problems and suffer disillusionment, this is normal and not a sign your relationship is doomed. Problems in families are often laid at the door of one person but as we look at what is going on we usually find that the problem is in the system. I have lived experience of adoption and living with neurodiversity so understand how these experiences effect couples and families.
01400 225990 View 01400 225990
Photo of Charmini Glo - Curated Self, UKCP Trainee, Psychotherapist
Curated Self
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
Manchester M21
I primarily work with trauma, anxiety, improving confidence/self esteem, enhancing motivation/performance, attachment style and related relationship difficulties.
I primarily work with trauma, anxiety, improving confidence/self esteem, enhancing motivation/performance, attachment style and related relationship difficulties.
0161 524 8377 View 0161 524 8377
Photo of Heather Murray - Heather Murray - Counselling & Psychotherapy , MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Heather Murray - Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Brecon LD3
Have things come to a point in your life where it just feels really difficult to carry on? Do you find that you are anxious, worrying over the future, and fretting about decisions that need to be made? Do your thoughts drift repeatedly into the past, perhaps returning you to trauma or disappointment? Would you really like to be listened to with care and attention? Perhaps it is not advise that you need, just the opportunity to share what you’re going through, and find ways to feel better, more resilient and more able to cope. Perhaps you just want to feel more contented and at peace.
Have things come to a point in your life where it just feels really difficult to carry on? Do you find that you are anxious, worrying over the future, and fretting about decisions that need to be made? Do your thoughts drift repeatedly into the past, perhaps returning you to trauma or disappointment? Would you really like to be listened to with care and attention? Perhaps it is not advise that you need, just the opportunity to share what you’re going through, and find ways to feel better, more resilient and more able to cope. Perhaps you just want to feel more contented and at peace.
01341 408147 View 01341 408147
Photo of Kirsty Hayhoe
Kirsty Hayhoe
Verified Verified
Northampton NN1
Waitlist for new clients
I work with adults, young people and children who are struggling with thoughts, feelings, memories or behaviours. I also have experience with neurodiversity particularly autistic individuals.
I work with adults, young people and children who are struggling with thoughts, feelings, memories or behaviours. I also have experience with neurodiversity particularly autistic individuals.
01536 857725 View 01536 857725
Photo of Thomas Moffett, PNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Thomas Moffett
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Nelson BB9
Every person is unique and deserves a unique service, life maybe difficult at the present moment but that does not have to define who you are. Daily struggles can overwhelm us and the pressures can become unbearable, the important thing is you don't have to deal with this alone. As your therapist I am here to listen and assist you in finding the answers deep within, allowing you to access the body's own amazing resources that can help change your current situation. I can call upon a range of different therapies in order for you to achieve this including brainspotting to work with trauma, in a safe non judgmental environment.
Every person is unique and deserves a unique service, life maybe difficult at the present moment but that does not have to define who you are. Daily struggles can overwhelm us and the pressures can become unbearable, the important thing is you don't have to deal with this alone. As your therapist I am here to listen and assist you in finding the answers deep within, allowing you to access the body's own amazing resources that can help change your current situation. I can call upon a range of different therapies in order for you to achieve this including brainspotting to work with trauma, in a safe non judgmental environment.
0114 697 1826 View 0114 697 1826
Photo of Virginia Toole, MBACP, Counsellor
Virginia Toole
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Lancaster LA1  (Online Only)
Do you feel ripped apart and shaken to your core? You don't want to be a burden to friends and can't talk to family, it is all so overwhelming. The deepest pit of despair and hurt, mixed emotions, anguish, anger, confusion, barely coping with intense non-stop life changes. Loss of family, partner or treasured friends, sudden or chronic terminal illness, loss of the person you used to be, ageing, guilty lifestyle, fear of a new job and moving, or the prickling heartache from loss of your pet. You don’t even have the strength to take the next step, to pull yourself through while trying to reach your old self. You need a safe space.
Do you feel ripped apart and shaken to your core? You don't want to be a burden to friends and can't talk to family, it is all so overwhelming. The deepest pit of despair and hurt, mixed emotions, anguish, anger, confusion, barely coping with intense non-stop life changes. Loss of family, partner or treasured friends, sudden or chronic terminal illness, loss of the person you used to be, ageing, guilty lifestyle, fear of a new job and moving, or the prickling heartache from loss of your pet. You don’t even have the strength to take the next step, to pull yourself through while trying to reach your old self. You need a safe space.
01254 781838 View 01254 781838
Photo of Alex Habens, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Alex Habens
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Manchester M32  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Please note - I am currently fully booked - - - Is anxiety getting in the way of what's important to you? Do you experience unwanted, intrusive thoughts or worries? Perhaps you feel controlled by urges to confess, seek reassurance, avoid things, or check things over and over... I specialise in supporting people with OCD and other common anxiety problems. I have lived experience of OCD and I can help you to make sense of what you're experiencing, develop new insights, and achieve lasting recovery. Whatever your personal reasons for seeking therapy, I'll be committed to supporting you with warmth, acceptance and compassion.
Please note - I am currently fully booked - - - Is anxiety getting in the way of what's important to you? Do you experience unwanted, intrusive thoughts or worries? Perhaps you feel controlled by urges to confess, seek reassurance, avoid things, or check things over and over... I specialise in supporting people with OCD and other common anxiety problems. I have lived experience of OCD and I can help you to make sense of what you're experiencing, develop new insights, and achieve lasting recovery. Whatever your personal reasons for seeking therapy, I'll be committed to supporting you with warmth, acceptance and compassion.
0161 524 9218 View 0161 524 9218
Photo of Lesley Nance, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Lesley Nance
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Manchester M25
Firstly, let me reassure you, what you are feeling isnt permanent. Things WILL change, and all it takes is one session to start feeling better. I am here to say that whatever you are going through, change IS possible and do-able, with patience,self discovery, understanding, and professional support and expert knowledge. I can help you to see what is going on for you, discover your own internal resources as well as provide you with additional tools that help you to regulate your emotions, enabling you to cope in the here and now, but also going forward.
Firstly, let me reassure you, what you are feeling isnt permanent. Things WILL change, and all it takes is one session to start feeling better. I am here to say that whatever you are going through, change IS possible and do-able, with patience,self discovery, understanding, and professional support and expert knowledge. I can help you to see what is going on for you, discover your own internal resources as well as provide you with additional tools that help you to regulate your emotions, enabling you to cope in the here and now, but also going forward.
0161 524 6358 View 0161 524 6358

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Buddhist Counsellors

Is buddhism beneficial for mental health?

While Buddhism itself is not a treatment for mental health conditions, its practices can greatly enhance mental well-being by introducing coping skills and ideas that promote overall wellness. Key Buddhist practices, such as mindfulness, have been shown to alleviate symptoms of various mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, addiction, and trauma. Moreover, Buddhism's focus on self-compassion, non-judgment, and acceptance can benefit individuals with particularly negative or self-critical thought patterns.

What are the concepts and principles of buddhism as a therapeutic approach?

Core Buddhist principles are often used in therapy to help clients gain insight into their thoughts and emotions. Concepts such as suffering (dukkha) and impermanence (anicca) are applied to help clients recognise that common forms of suffering, like repetitive negative thought patterns, can be accepted and viewed as impermanent. The Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path are additional core concepts utilised frequently in Buddhist therapy sessions. The Four Noble Truths highlight the existence of suffering as an inherent part of the human experience—an insight frequently used to move clients toward greater acceptance. The Eightfold Path, which includes right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right concentration, and right mindfulness, offers practical skills to alleviate suffering.

What is the buddhist approach and practice during a therapy session?

Therapists informed by Buddhist principles often integrate mindfulness and meditation practices into therapy sessions to help clients cultivate greater acceptance, compassion, and non-judgment toward themselves and others. Typically, Buddhist therapists guide clients through mindfulness exercises, such as breathing exercises or body scans, and encourage them to practice similar exercises outside of sessions. Additionally, many Buddhist therapists utilise elements of Positive Psychology or Compassion-Focused Therapy, which can help reduce symptoms of self-criticism and shame common among clients with various mental health conditions. In general, Buddhist therapists strive to embody the compassion and non-judgmental approach they promote, often incorporating exercises aimed at developing compassion in session, such as loving-kindness meditation (Metta).

Is mindfulness the same as buddhism in the context of therapy?

While Buddhist therapists frequently integrate mindfulness practices into therapy sessions, the terms mindfulness and Buddhism are not synonymous in the context of therapy. Therapists may use mindfulness techniques, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), without identifying as a Buddhist therapist. In contrast, those practicing within a Buddhist belief framework typically encourage mindfulness therapies, in addition to foundational Buddhist beliefs, such as the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. These therapists may also guide clients toward a deeper understanding of Buddhist philosophy, unlike those who use Buddhist mindfulness principles without the broader spiritual context.