Photo of Indigo Psychology - Lauren Chan, MA, RPsych, Psychologist
Indigo Psychology - Lauren Chan
Psychologist, MA, RPsych
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B
I am passionate about guiding you towards lasting positive changes by utilizing effective treatment models. I bring experience working with diverse populations from the Calgary Counselling Centre, Carya (formerly Calgary Family Services), Distress Centre, and Society for Treatment of Autism. As I believe the best indicator of counselling success is the relationship between the client and their counsellor, I strive to create a warm and welcoming environment by utilizing an empathetic and compassionate approach.
I am passionate about guiding you towards lasting positive changes by utilizing effective treatment models. I bring experience working with diverse populations from the Calgary Counselling Centre, Carya (formerly Calgary Family Services), Distress Centre, and Society for Treatment of Autism. As I believe the best indicator of counselling success is the relationship between the client and their counsellor, I strive to create a warm and welcoming environment by utilizing an empathetic and compassionate approach.
(587) 355-2354 View (587) 355-2354
Photo of Karalee Colmer, BA, MACP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Karalee Colmer
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA, MACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I believe in meeting clients where they are at in their healing journey and provide support and understanding through a trauma-informed lens. My approach is largely client-centered, compassion-focused, and strength-based. I am committed to creating a safe and collaborative space for clients to develop their self-awareness and be supported in reaching their therapeutic goals.
I believe in meeting clients where they are at in their healing journey and provide support and understanding through a trauma-informed lens. My approach is largely client-centered, compassion-focused, and strength-based. I am committed to creating a safe and collaborative space for clients to develop their self-awareness and be supported in reaching their therapeutic goals.
(825) 305-5077 View (825) 305-5077
Photo of Andrea Colliar, Pre-Licensed Professional
Andrea Colliar
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B  (Online Only)
Andrea has worked in the mental health field for close to a decade. She is passionate about helping others through difficult situations by supporting them in processing their experiences and building resilience. The individuals Andrea supports often experience overwhelming anxiety, deep sadness, loneliness, relationship issues, and trauma. Andrea helps clients feel less alone in their experiences, more capable at managing difficult emotions, and a deeply felt sense of internal strength in the face of hardship.
Andrea has worked in the mental health field for close to a decade. She is passionate about helping others through difficult situations by supporting them in processing their experiences and building resilience. The individuals Andrea supports often experience overwhelming anxiety, deep sadness, loneliness, relationship issues, and trauma. Andrea helps clients feel less alone in their experiences, more capable at managing difficult emotions, and a deeply felt sense of internal strength in the face of hardship.
(587) 840-5063 View (587) 840-5063
Photo of Jenna Dalton, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jenna Dalton
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3B  (Online Only)
My areas of interest include supporting individuals and partners seeking communication, attachment, and relational support in their romantic partnerships. I am sex-positive, kink-affirming, and welcome clients in monogamous, consensual non-monogamous, polyamorous, and open relationships. I also provide support for clients who are struggling with confidence, self-worth, and self-compassion issues, anxiety, and concerns related to neurodiversity (ADHD and autism).
My areas of interest include supporting individuals and partners seeking communication, attachment, and relational support in their romantic partnerships. I am sex-positive, kink-affirming, and welcome clients in monogamous, consensual non-monogamous, polyamorous, and open relationships. I also provide support for clients who are struggling with confidence, self-worth, and self-compassion issues, anxiety, and concerns related to neurodiversity (ADHD and autism).
(825) 251-2524 View (825) 251-2524
Photo of Dawn Nealon, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Dawn Nealon
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3B  (Online Only)
I practice from a client-centred, strengths-based approach. I believe that you are the expert of your own lived experiences, and strive to create a safe supportive environment for you to explore and work toward your goals.
I practice from a client-centred, strengths-based approach. I believe that you are the expert of your own lived experiences, and strive to create a safe supportive environment for you to explore and work toward your goals.
(825) 254-7950 View (825) 254-7950
Photo of Erin Pougnet, PhD, Psychologist
Erin Pougnet
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3B
My passion is helping children and adolescents to feel better understood, and to have the skills and confidence to better manage their external (e.g., friendships, school performance) and internal (e.g., emotions, urges) worlds. Using gold-standard psychological assessment tools, I can provide clarity around diagnostic questions including ASD, ADHD, intellectual disabilities, and learning disorders in order to make recommendations that will benefit a child going forward. With respect to therapy, I use evidence-based modalities including CBT, DBT skills, and ACT to help youth manage big feelings and function more effectively.
My passion is helping children and adolescents to feel better understood, and to have the skills and confidence to better manage their external (e.g., friendships, school performance) and internal (e.g., emotions, urges) worlds. Using gold-standard psychological assessment tools, I can provide clarity around diagnostic questions including ASD, ADHD, intellectual disabilities, and learning disorders in order to make recommendations that will benefit a child going forward. With respect to therapy, I use evidence-based modalities including CBT, DBT skills, and ACT to help youth manage big feelings and function more effectively.
(825) 254-7184 View (825) 254-7184
Photo of Olivia Reverie, BA, MC, Registered Provisional Psychologist
Olivia Reverie
Registered Provisional Psychologist, BA, MC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B
I am a passionate human who centres on fostering a safe(r) space and practice for all 2SLGBTQ+, BDSM/kinky, BIPOC, abilities, bodies, sex work, and intersecting identities for humans and their experiences. Areas of interest include: relational diversity (poly, open, ENM/CNM), sexuality, BDSM/kink, 2SLGBTQ+ concerns, neurodiversity (ADHD & Autism), assertive communication and boundary setting, life transitions, divorce/separation, addictions, and support for incarceration reintegration/criminal justice involvement.
I am a passionate human who centres on fostering a safe(r) space and practice for all 2SLGBTQ+, BDSM/kinky, BIPOC, abilities, bodies, sex work, and intersecting identities for humans and their experiences. Areas of interest include: relational diversity (poly, open, ENM/CNM), sexuality, BDSM/kink, 2SLGBTQ+ concerns, neurodiversity (ADHD & Autism), assertive communication and boundary setting, life transitions, divorce/separation, addictions, and support for incarceration reintegration/criminal justice involvement.
(825) 251-9526 View (825) 251-9526
Photo of Andrew Kucy, BEng, Pre-Licensed Professional
Andrew Kucy
Pre-Licensed Professional, BEng
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B  (Online Only)
I utilize a non-judgmental and person-centered approach to be present and hold space for the emotions and stories clients are willing to share. I work to encourage and guide deeper reflections and self-awareness within clients, and to develop and implement a unique combination of therapeutic techniques to help clients navigate personal challenges and pursue growth opportunities in their lives.
I utilize a non-judgmental and person-centered approach to be present and hold space for the emotions and stories clients are willing to share. I work to encourage and guide deeper reflections and self-awareness within clients, and to develop and implement a unique combination of therapeutic techniques to help clients navigate personal challenges and pursue growth opportunities in their lives.
(825) 601-5464 View (825) 601-5464
Photo of McKenzie Snyder, MA, RPsych, Psychologist
McKenzie Snyder
Psychologist, MA, RPsych
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3B
I am a Registered Psychologist who has experience in both inpatient, and outpatient community settings providing individual, couples, family and group services to diverse populations and age ranges. I have extensive training in a number of therapy modalities however, I use an integrative structured approach to counselling mainly incorporating Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy and EMDR. I am also able to complete psycho-educational assessment, social-emotional diagnostic assessments, as well as cognitive and memory assessments.
I am a Registered Psychologist who has experience in both inpatient, and outpatient community settings providing individual, couples, family and group services to diverse populations and age ranges. I have extensive training in a number of therapy modalities however, I use an integrative structured approach to counselling mainly incorporating Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy and EMDR. I am also able to complete psycho-educational assessment, social-emotional diagnostic assessments, as well as cognitive and memory assessments.
(587) 851-5766 View (587) 851-5766
Photo of Abdul Aziz Razavi, MS, BSW, Psychologist
Abdul Aziz Razavi
Psychologist, MS, BSW
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3B
You want 'it' to stop. Be it that small nagging feeling at the back of your mind, or something that has stopped you from living your life day-to-day. Whether you've already tried "pulling yourself up by the bootstraps", or you can't even express what you feel; 'it' persists. But it's not your fault.
You want 'it' to stop. Be it that small nagging feeling at the back of your mind, or something that has stopped you from living your life day-to-day. Whether you've already tried "pulling yourself up by the bootstraps", or you can't even express what you feel; 'it' persists. But it's not your fault.
(825) 606-0286 View (825) 606-0286
Photo of Cortney Ruault, MSW, RSW, BSW, Registered Social Worker
Cortney Ruault
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, BSW
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3B  (Online Only)
I am currently accepting new clients! I offer both short-term and long-term psychotherapy sessions aimed to support meaningful change. I see people with a wide array of mental health concerns and life challenges including childhood or adulthood trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, life transitions, infertility and/or childlessness, and addictions issues. I also specialize in working with highly sensitive individuals, empaths, and/or those dealing with longstanding chronic health issues.
I am currently accepting new clients! I offer both short-term and long-term psychotherapy sessions aimed to support meaningful change. I see people with a wide array of mental health concerns and life challenges including childhood or adulthood trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, life transitions, infertility and/or childlessness, and addictions issues. I also specialize in working with highly sensitive individuals, empaths, and/or those dealing with longstanding chronic health issues.
(825) 255-8863 View (825) 255-8863
Photo of Alexandra Vartosu - Anxiety Depression Stress Hsp Specialist, MC-Psy, IAPMC
Alexandra Vartosu - Anxiety Depression Stress Hsp Specialist
MC-Psy, IAPMC
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3B  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself Overwhelmed by Anxiety and Emotional Intensity, No Matter What You Do?- You may be fed up with feeling anxious, stressed and unable to find peace, or struggling with depression and a lack of purpose. You might not even remember a time things didn’t feel this way... But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief! - You’re ready to release the emotional overwhelm and cultivate consistent inner calm! Most of all, you’re ready to confidently pursue your life’s purpose with ease, and live a life of authentic inner harmony and fulfillment. You deserve a compassionate and experienced guide who truly gets you.
Do you find yourself Overwhelmed by Anxiety and Emotional Intensity, No Matter What You Do?- You may be fed up with feeling anxious, stressed and unable to find peace, or struggling with depression and a lack of purpose. You might not even remember a time things didn’t feel this way... But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief! - You’re ready to release the emotional overwhelm and cultivate consistent inner calm! Most of all, you’re ready to confidently pursue your life’s purpose with ease, and live a life of authentic inner harmony and fulfillment. You deserve a compassionate and experienced guide who truly gets you.
(587) 800-3764 View (587) 800-3764
Photo of Dania Saeed, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dania Saeed
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B  (Online Only)
Accessing counselling is a brave first step towards becoming the person you want to be. I'm here you assist you on your journey. I believe that you are the expert on yourself and I am here to provide tools and resources which are helpful to you. My goal is to create a safe and collaborative space through which you can gain greater self-awareness. I draw from various modalities such as mindfulness, culture-infused, DBT, and solution-focused interventions. I specialize in exploring neurodiversity and working with youth. I also offer assessments for all ages.
Accessing counselling is a brave first step towards becoming the person you want to be. I'm here you assist you on your journey. I believe that you are the expert on yourself and I am here to provide tools and resources which are helpful to you. My goal is to create a safe and collaborative space through which you can gain greater self-awareness. I draw from various modalities such as mindfulness, culture-infused, DBT, and solution-focused interventions. I specialize in exploring neurodiversity and working with youth. I also offer assessments for all ages.
(825) 605-4549 View (825) 605-4549
Photo of Andrea Kilgour, PhD, RPsych, CPsych, Psychologist
Andrea Kilgour
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych, CPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B
I focus on Neuropsychological and Psychological Assessment with a wide variety of patients, including those for whom neurosurgery is being considered, those with neurological conditions, psychiatric conditions, and for the purposes of insurance, personal injury, documentation of intellectual disability, dementia queries, and sport concussion and return-to-play issues.
I focus on Neuropsychological and Psychological Assessment with a wide variety of patients, including those for whom neurosurgery is being considered, those with neurological conditions, psychiatric conditions, and for the purposes of insurance, personal injury, documentation of intellectual disability, dementia queries, and sport concussion and return-to-play issues.
(825) 250-3884 View (825) 250-3884
Photo of Ranee Fallorin, BCR, MA, CCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ranee Fallorin
Pre-Licensed Professional, BCR, MA, CCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B
Everyone experiences challenges and life differently and I believe they know themselves the best. I am committed to cultivating a space and therapeutic relationship where individuals can explore their identity and experiences safely. I make it my priority to truly understand a client’s unique experiences and challenges. My practice focuses on unlearning normative values and promoting the social adaption of settings to best fit the needs of the individual.
Everyone experiences challenges and life differently and I believe they know themselves the best. I am committed to cultivating a space and therapeutic relationship where individuals can explore their identity and experiences safely. I make it my priority to truly understand a client’s unique experiences and challenges. My practice focuses on unlearning normative values and promoting the social adaption of settings to best fit the needs of the individual.
(825) 360-0287 View (825) 360-0287
Photo of Keira Shendaruk, MACP, BSW
Keira Shendaruk
MACP, BSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B
You may be here because you are hurting, burdened by shame, feeling isolated, or are experiencing struggles in relationships. Maybe you are just trying to make sense of things and find your way forward. The fact that you're here tells me you have hope and that's where change begins. I'd like to offer to walk this path of change with you, with a presence of unconditional positive regard and a collaborative approach. I will strive to help you gain clarity and healing in your life and to experience growth. Areas I often work in are: trauma and abuse, relational issues, anxiety and stress, neurodiversity, grief, and spirituality.
You may be here because you are hurting, burdened by shame, feeling isolated, or are experiencing struggles in relationships. Maybe you are just trying to make sense of things and find your way forward. The fact that you're here tells me you have hope and that's where change begins. I'd like to offer to walk this path of change with you, with a presence of unconditional positive regard and a collaborative approach. I will strive to help you gain clarity and healing in your life and to experience growth. Areas I often work in are: trauma and abuse, relational issues, anxiety and stress, neurodiversity, grief, and spirituality.
(825) 250-3689 View (825) 250-3689
Photo of Jailene Smith - Mountain Air Psychology, MACP, Registered Provisional Psychologist
Mountain Air Psychology
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B
Not accepting new clients
Mountain Air Psychology offers psychological and counselling services for individuals & couples facing concerns regarding trauma, PTSD, BPD, depression, anxiety, stress management, conflict management & emotional regulation (managing emotions & processing), burnout, adrenal fatigue, imposter syndrome, increasing intimacy (emotional and sexual), affairs, betrayals, & missed expectations, desire discrepancies (low/high libido), sexual function, eroticism and sex as we age, life transitions, grief and loss. To book a 20 min. free consultation call or book a session, please go to www.MountainAirPsychology.com Email is faster vs phone.
Mountain Air Psychology offers psychological and counselling services for individuals & couples facing concerns regarding trauma, PTSD, BPD, depression, anxiety, stress management, conflict management & emotional regulation (managing emotions & processing), burnout, adrenal fatigue, imposter syndrome, increasing intimacy (emotional and sexual), affairs, betrayals, & missed expectations, desire discrepancies (low/high libido), sexual function, eroticism and sex as we age, life transitions, grief and loss. To book a 20 min. free consultation call or book a session, please go to www.MountainAirPsychology.com Email is faster vs phone.
(587) 602-4909 View (587) 602-4909
Photo of Beth Hedva, PhD, RPsych, RMFT, DABPS, DAPA, Psychologist
Beth Hedva
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych, RMFT, DABPS, DAPA
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3B
Are you ready to find enlightening ways to meet life's greatest challenges? Learn how to resolve loss, grief, betrayal, trauma, anxiety; and, explore spiritual or psychic encounters with support from a uniquely equipped licensed psychologist and healer. We may use astrology, tarot, numerology, palmistry or dream work for further insights. As an expert intuitive, and Field Researcher with California's Office of Paranormal Investigation, I blend clinical psychology with ancient spiritual healing traditions to provide safe, effective mentorship to individuals, couples, groups; and helpers, healers, 1st responders, coaches or educators.
Are you ready to find enlightening ways to meet life's greatest challenges? Learn how to resolve loss, grief, betrayal, trauma, anxiety; and, explore spiritual or psychic encounters with support from a uniquely equipped licensed psychologist and healer. We may use astrology, tarot, numerology, palmistry or dream work for further insights. As an expert intuitive, and Field Researcher with California's Office of Paranormal Investigation, I blend clinical psychology with ancient spiritual healing traditions to provide safe, effective mentorship to individuals, couples, groups; and helpers, healers, 1st responders, coaches or educators.
(403) 800-0762 View (403) 800-0762
Photo of Vanessa Fahie - Building Bridges Counselling Services, BA, MC, CCC, Counsellor
Building Bridges Counselling Services
Counsellor, BA, MC, CCC
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3B
At Building Bridges Counselling Services we support clients in managing issues that impact personal and relational well-being. Our counsellors have a vast range of experiences which inform their therapeutic approaches. Building Bridges offers Family, Couples, Individual, and Youth counselling. In addition to counselling services, psycho-educational assessments are also available. Please call 587-318-0018 or check out our website www.buildingbridgescounselling.ca for more information about our assessments and counselling services. Due to current circumstances, we are offering multiple ways to meet for Coffee and Chats(see website)
At Building Bridges Counselling Services we support clients in managing issues that impact personal and relational well-being. Our counsellors have a vast range of experiences which inform their therapeutic approaches. Building Bridges offers Family, Couples, Individual, and Youth counselling. In addition to counselling services, psycho-educational assessments are also available. Please call 587-318-0018 or check out our website www.buildingbridgescounselling.ca for more information about our assessments and counselling services. Due to current circumstances, we are offering multiple ways to meet for Coffee and Chats(see website)
(587) 850-3124 View (587) 850-3124
Photo of Britta Carry, Pre-Licensed Professional
Britta Carry
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3B
I welcome clients facing a variety of challenges. I believe that we are all experts of our own lives and stories, and that we possess the tools needed to make our lives more satisfying. I aim to create a collaborative therapeutic atmosphere to support you with your unique needs.
I welcome clients facing a variety of challenges. I believe that we are all experts of our own lives and stories, and that we possess the tools needed to make our lives more satisfying. I aim to create a collaborative therapeutic atmosphere to support you with your unique needs.
(825) 251-9032 View (825) 251-9032
1

See more therapy options for T3B

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in T3B

100+

Average cost per session

$220

Counsellors in T3B who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
91% Depression
82% Self Esteem
78% Stress
74% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

66% Green Shield Canada
63% Manulife
59% SunLife

How Counsellors in T3B see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in T3B?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.