Therapists in Calgary, AB

Kristin Munro
Psychologist, MC, RCC, CCC, PMP, CPHR
3 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2X
Compassion, non-judgement, empathy, and clarity are what you can look forward to when working with Kristin. Specializing in Internal Family Systems (IFS) for individuals, and Intimacy from the Inside Out (IFIO) for couples, Kristin will work to support you on your journey as you become the best version of your Self—as defined by you. Kristin is is a Level II Trained IFS practitioner, and also holds a specialization in IFIO. She is passionate about working to bring more Self energy to your system to help reduce emotional distress and the associated symptoms.
Compassion, non-judgement, empathy, and clarity are what you can look forward to when working with Kristin. Specializing in Internal Family Systems (IFS) for individuals, and Intimacy from the Inside Out (IFIO) for couples, Kristin will work to support you on your journey as you become the best version of your Self—as defined by you. Kristin is is a Level II Trained IFS practitioner, and also holds a specialization in IFIO. She is passionate about working to bring more Self energy to your system to help reduce emotional distress and the associated symptoms.
(403) 407-5903 View (403) 407-5903
Kathryn Kazmerik
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW, DTATI
Calgary, AB T2H
I am a Registered Social Worker and Art Therapist. I assist children as young as 6 years old, youth, families, parents, and individuals of all ages. Common challenges include trauma, anxiety, stress, emotional regulation, behavioural issues, parent-child relationships, family interaction patterns, communication, boundaries, self-esteem/self-worth and personal growth.
I am a Registered Social Worker and Art Therapist. I assist children as young as 6 years old, youth, families, parents, and individuals of all ages. Common challenges include trauma, anxiety, stress, emotional regulation, behavioural issues, parent-child relationships, family interaction patterns, communication, boundaries, self-esteem/self-worth and personal growth.
(587) 806-5735 View (587) 806-5735
Solafa Ahmed
Psychologist, MSc, RPsych
9 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2H
Waitlist for new clients
Salam and hello! A client once shared a quote by Ram Dass that deeply resonated with me: “We’re all just walking each other home.” Every time I support someone on their journey, I feel honoured. I believe that strength lives within all of us, though it can feel hidden during life’s hardest moments. My role as a psychologist is to create a trusting, judgment-free space where you feel safe to explore, heal, and grow. Through a collaborative approach, I help clients recognize their resilience and move toward meaningful change—at their own pace, in their own way.
Salam and hello! A client once shared a quote by Ram Dass that deeply resonated with me: “We’re all just walking each other home.” Every time I support someone on their journey, I feel honoured. I believe that strength lives within all of us, though it can feel hidden during life’s hardest moments. My role as a psychologist is to create a trusting, judgment-free space where you feel safe to explore, heal, and grow. Through a collaborative approach, I help clients recognize their resilience and move toward meaningful change—at their own pace, in their own way.
(825) 250-0589 View (825) 250-0589
Nancy Jassi
Counsellor, CCC
Calgary, AB T2N
The hardest part of the journey is walking into that therapy room. I have always viewed mental health as being "more than the body". My style of therapy likes to incorporate some parts of holistic and culturally sensitive work. As someone from a South Asian background, I offer therapy in multiple languages and explore the role culture plays within mental health. My goal is to understand the why behind coming into the therapy room and to help build healthy coping mechanisms. I work with adults and seniors using approaches like: CBT, ACT, SFBT, and more depending on your needs. I specialize in anxiety, self-esteem, and coping skills.
The hardest part of the journey is walking into that therapy room. I have always viewed mental health as being "more than the body". My style of therapy likes to incorporate some parts of holistic and culturally sensitive work. As someone from a South Asian background, I offer therapy in multiple languages and explore the role culture plays within mental health. My goal is to understand the why behind coming into the therapy room and to help build healthy coping mechanisms. I work with adults and seniors using approaches like: CBT, ACT, SFBT, and more depending on your needs. I specialize in anxiety, self-esteem, and coping skills.
(587) 912-0012 View (587) 912-0012
Brisa Ochoa
Psychologist, MA, RPsych
8 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T1Y
Have you experienced significant life stressors or traumatic events that have caused you personal harm and impacted your relationships? Are you tired of fighting to hold it together on the outside and suffering on the inside? Perhaps you feel overwhelmed, exhausted, or numb from just thinking about all that is on your plate. Maybe it seems like the slightest things trigger big feelings, worries and reactions. If this sounds anything like you, please know there is hope! Don't wait any longer to reach out for help . I am ready to help you experience relief from distress, find solutions and move towards the life you want to live.
Have you experienced significant life stressors or traumatic events that have caused you personal harm and impacted your relationships? Are you tired of fighting to hold it together on the outside and suffering on the inside? Perhaps you feel overwhelmed, exhausted, or numb from just thinking about all that is on your plate. Maybe it seems like the slightest things trigger big feelings, worries and reactions. If this sounds anything like you, please know there is hope! Don't wait any longer to reach out for help . I am ready to help you experience relief from distress, find solutions and move towards the life you want to live.
(587) 400-9058 View (587) 400-9058
Shannon Tse
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3K
You may often feel like you are falling behind, suffering alone while others are thriving, or even feel like you are broken. I don't believe you are broken. I believe you deserve to be deeply understood and supported so you can thrive using the strengths you already have. As a Counselling Psychology master’s student supervised by a registered psychologist, I want to truly understand you as a person without judgment, helping to find practical, tailored ways to navigate your challenges and create long-lasting changes.
You may often feel like you are falling behind, suffering alone while others are thriving, or even feel like you are broken. I don't believe you are broken. I believe you deserve to be deeply understood and supported so you can thrive using the strengths you already have. As a Counselling Psychology master’s student supervised by a registered psychologist, I want to truly understand you as a person without judgment, helping to find practical, tailored ways to navigate your challenges and create long-lasting changes.
(587) 840-7790 View (587) 840-7790
Ali Chacalias
Psychologist, BA, MC
4 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2P
You might be here because you feel overwhelmed, stuck in old patterns, or exhausted from never feeling good enough. You don’t feel like you have control in your life, anxiety or shut down have become constant companions, or you feel stuck in the same, unhelpful relationship patterns. You may be feeling like you over-function through people-pleasing or having extremely high expectations of yourself, or under-engage through avoidance or as a result of intense emotional dysregulation. I specialize in helping clients understand the “why” behind their emotions and behaviors while building practical skills to create lasting change.
You might be here because you feel overwhelmed, stuck in old patterns, or exhausted from never feeling good enough. You don’t feel like you have control in your life, anxiety or shut down have become constant companions, or you feel stuck in the same, unhelpful relationship patterns. You may be feeling like you over-function through people-pleasing or having extremely high expectations of yourself, or under-engage through avoidance or as a result of intense emotional dysregulation. I specialize in helping clients understand the “why” behind their emotions and behaviors while building practical skills to create lasting change.
(587) 327-9498 View (587) 327-9498
Dr. Michelle Zepeda
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3E
As a parent, you want your child to feel understood and get the support they need, I’m here to help. I provide evidence-based therapy for children, teens, and young adults, offering a safe, collaborative space. I also work closely with parents to create meaningful and lasting change. I support anxiety (including separation anxiety, phobias, social anxiety), depression, OCD, ADHD, stress, trauma, behaviour concerns, school refusal, and sleep issues. As a pediatric medical psychologist, I also help youth manage chronic pain, fear of needles, and GI conditions such as constipation, DBGI, celiac disease, IBD/IBS, and abdominal pain.
As a parent, you want your child to feel understood and get the support they need, I’m here to help. I provide evidence-based therapy for children, teens, and young adults, offering a safe, collaborative space. I also work closely with parents to create meaningful and lasting change. I support anxiety (including separation anxiety, phobias, social anxiety), depression, OCD, ADHD, stress, trauma, behaviour concerns, school refusal, and sleep issues. As a pediatric medical psychologist, I also help youth manage chronic pain, fear of needles, and GI conditions such as constipation, DBGI, celiac disease, IBD/IBS, and abdominal pain.
(587) 854-5048 View (587) 854-5048
Rebecca Stares
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, RCSW
2 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2N
By the time you ask for help, you've already suffered enough. I believe in an efficient and sustainable approach to positive change, which gives you immediate insight, direction and relief. I firmly believe that all which lies within your heart of hearts can manifest easily into your life, and I am committed to helping you with it. Whether you are suffering from anxiety, managing transitions and life changes, addiction, finding your purpose, mental illness, or you simply want to be a better person, I will help you achieve your goals and work with you for lasting positive outcomes.
By the time you ask for help, you've already suffered enough. I believe in an efficient and sustainable approach to positive change, which gives you immediate insight, direction and relief. I firmly believe that all which lies within your heart of hearts can manifest easily into your life, and I am committed to helping you with it. Whether you are suffering from anxiety, managing transitions and life changes, addiction, finding your purpose, mental illness, or you simply want to be a better person, I will help you achieve your goals and work with you for lasting positive outcomes.
(855) 952-2596 View (855) 952-2596
Ami Tint
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B
I am a PhD level Clinical Psychologist with extensive experience working with youth with diverse neurodevelopmental profiles, including autism, ADHD, giftedness, intellectual disability, learning disability, and co-occurring mental health concerns. My assessment findings identify strengths and support needs to help youth thrive across settings.
I am a PhD level Clinical Psychologist with extensive experience working with youth with diverse neurodevelopmental profiles, including autism, ADHD, giftedness, intellectual disability, learning disability, and co-occurring mental health concerns. My assessment findings identify strengths and support needs to help youth thrive across settings.
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Dr. Nicole Nayoski
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
5 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B
My goal is to help you find both immediate relief and lasting change. We'll start by building critical coping skills to manage difficult feelings or situations, then go deeper to address the roots of your struggles. Together, we will work to transform patterns such as the inner critic, perfectionism, or low self-worth, that are holding you back—so you can experience healthier relationships, find success at work, and confidently navigate life's challenges. This isn't just about coping; it's about creating a life you truly value.
My goal is to help you find both immediate relief and lasting change. We'll start by building critical coping skills to manage difficult feelings or situations, then go deeper to address the roots of your struggles. Together, we will work to transform patterns such as the inner critic, perfectionism, or low self-worth, that are holding you back—so you can experience healthier relationships, find success at work, and confidently navigate life's challenges. This isn't just about coping; it's about creating a life you truly value.
(825) 250-0293 View (825) 250-0293
Cindy Anne Woolfrey
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MC, MEd, BKin
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2N
I work with adults, teens, and couples, utilizing an integrative approach of CBT, IFS, Narrative Therapy, SFT, and Gottman Therapy. Each client's needs, goals, and personalities are unique and deserve a personalized approach. My specialties lie in the realms of neurodiversity, educational success, and health, with decades of research and experience behind me. I support clients in many areas, including ADHD, Anxiety, Burnout, Career Changes, Depression, Emotional Dysregulation, Grief, Health, Identity, Interpersonal Issues, Life Transitions, Relationship Difficulties, Sleep, Stress, and Trauma.
I work with adults, teens, and couples, utilizing an integrative approach of CBT, IFS, Narrative Therapy, SFT, and Gottman Therapy. Each client's needs, goals, and personalities are unique and deserve a personalized approach. My specialties lie in the realms of neurodiversity, educational success, and health, with decades of research and experience behind me. I support clients in many areas, including ADHD, Anxiety, Burnout, Career Changes, Depression, Emotional Dysregulation, Grief, Health, Identity, Interpersonal Issues, Life Transitions, Relationship Difficulties, Sleep, Stress, and Trauma.
(587) 742-1467 View (587) 742-1467
Prabh Parmar
Psychologist, PsyD, RPsych
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from the life you want to live? You’re not alone. Many of my clients come to me feeling exhausted from sleepless nights, weighed down by the pain of trauma, or caught in cycles of anxiety, depression, or self-sabotage despite their efforts to cope. Maybe you feel like no matter how hard you try, the same patterns keep repeating, and you're ready for relief. You want to feel better about yourself: confident, grounded, in control. You're looking for real healing, not just coping strategies. You deserve a space where you can be heard, understood & supported in creating lasting change.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from the life you want to live? You’re not alone. Many of my clients come to me feeling exhausted from sleepless nights, weighed down by the pain of trauma, or caught in cycles of anxiety, depression, or self-sabotage despite their efforts to cope. Maybe you feel like no matter how hard you try, the same patterns keep repeating, and you're ready for relief. You want to feel better about yourself: confident, grounded, in control. You're looking for real healing, not just coping strategies. You deserve a space where you can be heard, understood & supported in creating lasting change.
(587) 912-1124 View (587) 912-1124
Scott McKirdy
Psychologist, RPsych
4 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2M
Life can feel overwhelming when you’re juggling work, family, and personal expectations while trying to keep yourself afloat. I work with adults and parents who are navigating work-life balance struggles, mid-life transitions, grief and loss, and the stress of ongoing change. My style is steady, calm, and collaborative, offering a reliable space where you can pause, reflect, and untangle what feels too heavy to carry alone. I draw on both developmental understanding and practical strategies to help you gain clarity, build strength, and move forward with greater balance and confidence.
Life can feel overwhelming when you’re juggling work, family, and personal expectations while trying to keep yourself afloat. I work with adults and parents who are navigating work-life balance struggles, mid-life transitions, grief and loss, and the stress of ongoing change. My style is steady, calm, and collaborative, offering a reliable space where you can pause, reflect, and untangle what feels too heavy to carry alone. I draw on both developmental understanding and practical strategies to help you gain clarity, build strength, and move forward with greater balance and confidence.
(587) 850-3379 View (587) 850-3379
Samantha Campbell Counselling Services
Counsellor, MC, BA, CCC
Calgary, AB T2Z
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, neurodivergence, substance use, grief, or relationship challenges? Do you find yourself exhausted, uncertain, or struggling to find meaning in daily life? You're not alone. Many people are navigating feelings of stress, disconnection, and self-doubt, wondering if life could feel different—more fulfilling, more present, more secure. If you're searching for a path forward, I’m here to support you.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, neurodivergence, substance use, grief, or relationship challenges? Do you find yourself exhausted, uncertain, or struggling to find meaning in daily life? You're not alone. Many people are navigating feelings of stress, disconnection, and self-doubt, wondering if life could feel different—more fulfilling, more present, more secure. If you're searching for a path forward, I’m here to support you.
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Jen Eeson
Psychologist, MSc, RPsych
2 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2T
Allowing yourself to be seen and known by others can feel like too big of a risk. Vulnerability can trigger insecurities that make us want to hide who we really are. I work with individuals who often feel anxious in their relationships, and may struggle with intimacy/connection, self-criticism, perfectionism, indecisiveness or low moods. Many of my clients want to address emotional wounds and traumas left by family members or romantic partners. I help my clients to make sense of their emotions, perceptions and behavioural patterns, adopt new coping skills, build self-esteem and feel more secure within themselves, and with others.
Allowing yourself to be seen and known by others can feel like too big of a risk. Vulnerability can trigger insecurities that make us want to hide who we really are. I work with individuals who often feel anxious in their relationships, and may struggle with intimacy/connection, self-criticism, perfectionism, indecisiveness or low moods. Many of my clients want to address emotional wounds and traumas left by family members or romantic partners. I help my clients to make sense of their emotions, perceptions and behavioural patterns, adopt new coping skills, build self-esteem and feel more secure within themselves, and with others.
(587) 802-3427 View (587) 802-3427
Clemence Deblire
Psychologist, MPsy, MCrim
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2T
Currently offering weekend and evening appointments. With over a decade of experience working with diverse clients, I have witnessed the incredible resilience and potential for growth in people. My professional journey cultivated my specialization in grief and trauma, while deepening my understanding of the unique challenges faced by first responders and helping professionals. As a psychologist working with adults, I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space where my clients can explore their inner world, including their most painful experiences, to uncover insights and make meaningful changes in their life.
Currently offering weekend and evening appointments. With over a decade of experience working with diverse clients, I have witnessed the incredible resilience and potential for growth in people. My professional journey cultivated my specialization in grief and trauma, while deepening my understanding of the unique challenges faced by first responders and helping professionals. As a psychologist working with adults, I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space where my clients can explore their inner world, including their most painful experiences, to uncover insights and make meaningful changes in their life.
(587) 410-4849 View (587) 410-4849
Minimalist Within Therapy, Counselling + Trauma Tx
Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, MSW, RSW, EMDR
Calgary, AB T3M
Are you trying to do it all? Are personal or career demands, traumas, and negative belief patterns... overwhelming? The professions, pressures and adversity we all face are unique, but the common mental load of 'trying to do it all' crosses all demographics, employment sectors and industries. Individual health, relationships, parenting, family dynamics and careers place complicated demands, which inevitably lead to overwhelm and burnout. Addressing underlying trauma and negative beliefs, while navigating numerous responsibilities will lead to a more peaceful and successful experience at any life stage, personally and professionally.
Are you trying to do it all? Are personal or career demands, traumas, and negative belief patterns... overwhelming? The professions, pressures and adversity we all face are unique, but the common mental load of 'trying to do it all' crosses all demographics, employment sectors and industries. Individual health, relationships, parenting, family dynamics and careers place complicated demands, which inevitably lead to overwhelm and burnout. Addressing underlying trauma and negative beliefs, while navigating numerous responsibilities will lead to a more peaceful and successful experience at any life stage, personally and professionally.
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Emma Morgan
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2R
I support families, teens, and young adults who are navigating big life changes, strained relationships, anxiety, or the impact of past trauma. Childhood wounds like attachment disruptions or relational traumas can impact our thinking and ways of being without us knowing, leaving people feeling confused, isolated or lonely. My goal is to help them feel more connected, understood, and empowered, to build stronger relationships, deepen their self-awareness, and regain a sense of control.
I support families, teens, and young adults who are navigating big life changes, strained relationships, anxiety, or the impact of past trauma. Childhood wounds like attachment disruptions or relational traumas can impact our thinking and ways of being without us knowing, leaving people feeling confused, isolated or lonely. My goal is to help them feel more connected, understood, and empowered, to build stronger relationships, deepen their self-awareness, and regain a sense of control.
(403) 668-7561 View (403) 668-7561
Chloe Harrison
Psychologist, MA, BA
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3E
Trauma? Anxiety? Depression? Relationship stress? Perhaps you've noticed that your past is catching up to you, that it's difficult to enjoy the present, or that the future feels daunting. These experiences can lead to overwhelming emotions, difficult thoughts, changes in behaviour, tension in your relationships, or even physical symptoms. If you want to find your way back to a path of balance, confidence, and wellbeing in all areas of your life, I would be honoured to walk alongside and support you on this journey.
Trauma? Anxiety? Depression? Relationship stress? Perhaps you've noticed that your past is catching up to you, that it's difficult to enjoy the present, or that the future feels daunting. These experiences can lead to overwhelming emotions, difficult thoughts, changes in behaviour, tension in your relationships, or even physical symptoms. If you want to find your way back to a path of balance, confidence, and wellbeing in all areas of your life, I would be honoured to walk alongside and support you on this journey.
(587) 848-3780 View (587) 848-3780

See more therapy options for Calgary

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Calgary, AB

2.000+

Average cost per session

$218

Counsellors in Calgary, AB who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
92% Social Anxiety
92% Health Anxiety
92% Driving Anxiety
83% Depression
78% Self Esteem
78% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Green Shield Canada
72% Alberta Blue Cross
68% SunLife

How Counsellors in Calgary, AB see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Calgary?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.