Therapists in Stowe, VT

Photo of Joya Davidson, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Joya Davidson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Stowe, VT 05672
Not accepting new clients
It is my belief that whatever you are struggling with you have within you everything that is needed to heal and thrive. I see myself as a guide to help you reconnect with your inner wisdom and innate healing potential. By allowing space for your inner experience, we work together to shift underlying patterns causing distress, heal wounds, and mobilize inner resources in order to resolve whatever challenges you may be experiencing. I offer a warm, supportive and non-judgmental space where all of the parts of you are truly welcome and together we can be curious, compassionate and explorative as we work together to meet your goals.
It is my belief that whatever you are struggling with you have within you everything that is needed to heal and thrive. I see myself as a guide to help you reconnect with your inner wisdom and innate healing potential. By allowing space for your inner experience, we work together to shift underlying patterns causing distress, heal wounds, and mobilize inner resources in order to resolve whatever challenges you may be experiencing. I offer a warm, supportive and non-judgmental space where all of the parts of you are truly welcome and together we can be curious, compassionate and explorative as we work together to meet your goals.
(802) 444-8415 View (802) 444-8415
Photo of Dominic Foti, LCMHC, MA, Counselor
Dominic Foti
Counselor, LCMHC, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Stowe, VT 05672
I believe that taking responsibility for ourselves and choosing how to respond to our circumstances is the best path forward, no matter the struggles we face. While it may feel uncomfortable at first, this approach ultimately boosts self-confidence, strengthens relationships, and fosters resilience and adaptability to life’s challenges. With this in mind, I work closely with clients who want to slow down, assess their situations, identify key choices, and take actionable steps to improve what they can control, while also learning to accept what lies beyond their control.
I believe that taking responsibility for ourselves and choosing how to respond to our circumstances is the best path forward, no matter the struggles we face. While it may feel uncomfortable at first, this approach ultimately boosts self-confidence, strengthens relationships, and fosters resilience and adaptability to life’s challenges. With this in mind, I work closely with clients who want to slow down, assess their situations, identify key choices, and take actionable steps to improve what they can control, while also learning to accept what lies beyond their control.
(802) 200-2503 View (802) 200-2503
Photo of Luke Smith, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Luke Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672
Different problems force us to take stock in who we are and how we are living. We struggle through anxiety, sadness, trauma, loneliness; some of us have used unhealthy coping mechanisms to get by. Eventually, we come to learn that asking for help is one of the most powerful actions we can take.
Different problems force us to take stock in who we are and how we are living. We struggle through anxiety, sadness, trauma, loneliness; some of us have used unhealthy coping mechanisms to get by. Eventually, we come to learn that asking for help is one of the most powerful actions we can take.
(802) 752-4904 View (802) 752-4904
Photo of Drea Renzelli - Intensive Trauma Therapy, LICSW, LCSW-C, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Intensive Trauma Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, or depression? Are you struggling to navigate unhealthy or abusive relationships? Or maybe it’s difficult for you to establish heathy boundaries and you notice the same problems keep coming up in many of your relationships. EMDR intensive therapy can help get to the root of these issues more quickly than traditional talk therapy. I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker who has been helping clients with these issues since completing my Master of Social Work in 2005.
Are you experiencing symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, or depression? Are you struggling to navigate unhealthy or abusive relationships? Or maybe it’s difficult for you to establish heathy boundaries and you notice the same problems keep coming up in many of your relationships. EMDR intensive therapy can help get to the root of these issues more quickly than traditional talk therapy. I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker who has been helping clients with these issues since completing my Master of Social Work in 2005.
(740) 679-6534 View (740) 679-6534
Photo of Dr. Brandon A. Campo, PhD, LBA, OHCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dr. Brandon A. Campo
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD, LBA, OHCC
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672
I have been serving children, adolescents, adults, and families since 2003 in various therapeutic relationships including case management, psychotherapy, and psychological/neuropsychological evaluations. Carefully designed and well-executed evaluations can identify barriers to success, offer diagnostic clarification, and provide a wealth of information to help with school, home, work, and therapeutic interventions. I also offer psychotherapy for various difficulties including ADHD, ASD, behavioral difficulties, trauma-informed (ARC) as well as difficulties with adjustment, peer relationships, and executive functioning.
I have been serving children, adolescents, adults, and families since 2003 in various therapeutic relationships including case management, psychotherapy, and psychological/neuropsychological evaluations. Carefully designed and well-executed evaluations can identify barriers to success, offer diagnostic clarification, and provide a wealth of information to help with school, home, work, and therapeutic interventions. I also offer psychotherapy for various difficulties including ADHD, ASD, behavioral difficulties, trauma-informed (ARC) as well as difficulties with adjustment, peer relationships, and executive functioning.
(802) 487-8173 View (802) 487-8173
Photo of Sharon Elayne Volansky-Gerard, MA, Psychologist
Sharon Elayne Volansky-Gerard
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672
I am a Licensed Psychologist Master with over thirty years experience in working with adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Depression, anxiety, or just a sense of life feeling less than what it could be, may be signs of childhood abuse or neglect. I help people navigate the sometimes choppy waters from their past in order to be fully living in the present. I am trained by Pia Melody in Post Induction Therapy for addressing the effects of codependence: low self esteem, impaired boundaries, knowing who you are , and difficulties with self care. Trauma creates addictions creates relational problems.
I am a Licensed Psychologist Master with over thirty years experience in working with adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Depression, anxiety, or just a sense of life feeling less than what it could be, may be signs of childhood abuse or neglect. I help people navigate the sometimes choppy waters from their past in order to be fully living in the present. I am trained by Pia Melody in Post Induction Therapy for addressing the effects of codependence: low self esteem, impaired boundaries, knowing who you are , and difficulties with self care. Trauma creates addictions creates relational problems.
(802) 277-3672 View (802) 277-3672
Photo of JP Hayden, MA, Psychologist
JP Hayden
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Stowe, VT 05672
I provide unconditional acceptance in my practice and take each client where they are--doing the best they can with what they've got. After hearing your situation, I will collaborate with you on the best way to proceed. Finding the right therapist can be a challenge, so I offer a free intake so you can decide if this practice is a good fit for you. I look forward to meeting with you and getting started.
I provide unconditional acceptance in my practice and take each client where they are--doing the best they can with what they've got. After hearing your situation, I will collaborate with you on the best way to proceed. Finding the right therapist can be a challenge, so I offer a free intake so you can decide if this practice is a good fit for you. I look forward to meeting with you and getting started.
(802) 635-5180 View (802) 635-5180
Photo of Shaina Levee - Shaina Levee, M.A., MA, Registered Psychotherapist
Shaina Levee, M.A.
Registered Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients starting 1/1/25. Offering a somatic approach that is trauma-informed, heart-centered and integrative. I work with children, teens, and adults undergoing life transitions, or who are recovering from challenging circumstances or trauma. I offer couples and family sessions in addition to individual sessions. I specialize in pregnancy/postpartum/parenting, TBI & head injury, and support people undergoing grief and loss. "Shaina has helped me find my strength, confidence and embrace the challenge of motherhood as a deep practice. Seeing Shaina has been the best gift I could give to myself and my family." VT & MI.
Accepting new clients starting 1/1/25. Offering a somatic approach that is trauma-informed, heart-centered and integrative. I work with children, teens, and adults undergoing life transitions, or who are recovering from challenging circumstances or trauma. I offer couples and family sessions in addition to individual sessions. I specialize in pregnancy/postpartum/parenting, TBI & head injury, and support people undergoing grief and loss. "Shaina has helped me find my strength, confidence and embrace the challenge of motherhood as a deep practice. Seeing Shaina has been the best gift I could give to myself and my family." VT & MI.
(833) 852-8313 View (833) 852-8313
Photo of Stuart Senghas, LISCW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stuart Senghas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISCW
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672  (Online Only)
As humans, we have amazing resiliency and the continual possibility for growth, change, and self-learning. Personal change happens through a journey of discovery and it is my belief that you already have what is needed to make the changes you want to occur in your life. It is my goal to provide a supportive and safe place for us to work on understanding and resolving issues and patterns within your life so you achieve a more positive life experience. I work with individuals who are experiencing stress, adjustment issues, depression, trauma, relationship challenges and other difficulties.
As humans, we have amazing resiliency and the continual possibility for growth, change, and self-learning. Personal change happens through a journey of discovery and it is my belief that you already have what is needed to make the changes you want to occur in your life. It is my goal to provide a supportive and safe place for us to work on understanding and resolving issues and patterns within your life so you achieve a more positive life experience. I work with individuals who are experiencing stress, adjustment issues, depression, trauma, relationship challenges and other difficulties.
(802) 992-8159 View (802) 992-8159
Photo of Mandy J. Cleland, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Mandy J. Cleland
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Stowe, VT 05672
We all face challenges in our lives. The current climate of our world can often lead us to feel like our struggles are outweighing life's gifts. I work to help clients balance the different aspects of their lives. Together, we can challenge unwanted negative thoughts and work on changing how we react to the struggles that we face each day with a goal of strengthening healthy emotional regulation and coping skills. I believe in the importance and effectiveness of a strong therapeutic alliance between clinician and client, this alliance serves as the foundation for meaningful and rewarding treatment.
We all face challenges in our lives. The current climate of our world can often lead us to feel like our struggles are outweighing life's gifts. I work to help clients balance the different aspects of their lives. Together, we can challenge unwanted negative thoughts and work on changing how we react to the struggles that we face each day with a goal of strengthening healthy emotional regulation and coping skills. I believe in the importance and effectiveness of a strong therapeutic alliance between clinician and client, this alliance serves as the foundation for meaningful and rewarding treatment.
(802) 992-1523 View (802) 992-1523
Photo of Kary Bennett, MA, LCMHC, CN, Counselor
Kary Bennett
Counselor, MA, LCMHC, CN
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Stowe, VT 05672
My work's passion lies in my belief that the body and mind are deeply connected; therefore, the emotional, physical, and spiritual aspects of each individual need to be balanced for growth and healing to occur. I integrate my psychotherapeutic and nutritional expertise to help cultivate balance in each client I work with. I acknowledge and respect that your search for health and balance in your life is unique. In our work together, we will create a safe and trusting space for you to slow down and focus on your present moment experiences. This affords you the opportunity to truly listen to your wisdom within.
My work's passion lies in my belief that the body and mind are deeply connected; therefore, the emotional, physical, and spiritual aspects of each individual need to be balanced for growth and healing to occur. I integrate my psychotherapeutic and nutritional expertise to help cultivate balance in each client I work with. I acknowledge and respect that your search for health and balance in your life is unique. In our work together, we will create a safe and trusting space for you to slow down and focus on your present moment experiences. This affords you the opportunity to truly listen to your wisdom within.
(802) 339-4616 View (802) 339-4616
Photo of Rick Barnett, PsyD, MA, MS, LADC, Psychologist
Rick Barnett
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, MS, LADC
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672
Expanding my practice to include Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. Consultation available for psychedelic medicine preparation and integration. I convey understanding and optimism which may enhance a sense of meaning, awareness, and hope. I offer secure Online and Text-Based Consultations using various platforms. Some insurance accepted. Some prefer self-payment outside of insurance for privacy. Monthly subscription for text-based option using SIGNAL app.
Expanding my practice to include Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. Consultation available for psychedelic medicine preparation and integration. I convey understanding and optimism which may enhance a sense of meaning, awareness, and hope. I offer secure Online and Text-Based Consultations using various platforms. Some insurance accepted. Some prefer self-payment outside of insurance for privacy. Monthly subscription for text-based option using SIGNAL app.
(802) 222-0105 View (802) 222-0105
Photo of Carrie Patterson, Pre-Licensed Professional
Carrie Patterson
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672
Sometimes life has a way of throwing us challenges and we get stuck feeling like we are surviving day to day. These challenges can have profound impacts on our life. Being open to adopting the right mindset to how we navigate life situations that test our resolve and patience can help provide us with stability and grounding in light of these challenges.
Sometimes life has a way of throwing us challenges and we get stuck feeling like we are surviving day to day. These challenges can have profound impacts on our life. Being open to adopting the right mindset to how we navigate life situations that test our resolve and patience can help provide us with stability and grounding in light of these challenges.
(802) 808-6807 View (802) 808-6807
Photo of Victoria Irwin, Registered Psychotherapist
Victoria Irwin
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672
I provide interactive tools to help you resolve personal struggles that commonly manifest as anxiety, panic, confusion, fear, depression, worry or relationship problems. By accompanying you in conversation about your problems, strengths, achievements and values; or through play, drawing or dream recall I help you identify the relationship between your feelings and needs. Understanding this relationship is vital for resolving problems with peaceful and direct communication and cultivates self-compassion. My aim is to provide a therapeutic process that is supportive, relieving, exciting, appropriately challenging, and rewarding.
I provide interactive tools to help you resolve personal struggles that commonly manifest as anxiety, panic, confusion, fear, depression, worry or relationship problems. By accompanying you in conversation about your problems, strengths, achievements and values; or through play, drawing or dream recall I help you identify the relationship between your feelings and needs. Understanding this relationship is vital for resolving problems with peaceful and direct communication and cultivates self-compassion. My aim is to provide a therapeutic process that is supportive, relieving, exciting, appropriately challenging, and rewarding.
(802) 456-4207 View (802) 456-4207
Photo of Gretchen H. Baumgardner, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gretchen H. Baumgardner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672
I work with adolescents and adults who are interested in exploring and engaging their innate healing abilities, offering a safe and accepting space, a gentle approach for trust to form, and support to recover from grief, trauma, life transitions, and other life circumstances, toward experiencing greater life satisfaction. With children, my approach includes creative play and expressive arts therapy. I take a natural healing approach with a focus on total wellness and working collaboratively with healers and those healing. I also offer consultations with parents and school and health care professionals.
I work with adolescents and adults who are interested in exploring and engaging their innate healing abilities, offering a safe and accepting space, a gentle approach for trust to form, and support to recover from grief, trauma, life transitions, and other life circumstances, toward experiencing greater life satisfaction. With children, my approach includes creative play and expressive arts therapy. I take a natural healing approach with a focus on total wellness and working collaboratively with healers and those healing. I also offer consultations with parents and school and health care professionals.
(802) 278-0374 View (802) 278-0374
Photo of Anna Sullivan Reiser - Anna Reiser Counseling , MA
Anna Reiser Counseling
MA
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672
**My Practice is Currently Full** I have experience counseling children and families, as well as adults. I have worked with incarcerated youth in juvenile detention, and as a counselor for the Public Defender’s office and District Attorney’s office. I worked as a counselor for The Santa Fe Mountain Center helping to create educational and therapeutic wilderness programs for at-risk teens and I am a certified It’s Yoga, Kids® yoga instructor. My counseling is characterized by empathy and collaboration. By training, I am a solution-focused counselor who is highly motivated to help you achieve your goals. I currently live in Stowe, VT.
**My Practice is Currently Full** I have experience counseling children and families, as well as adults. I have worked with incarcerated youth in juvenile detention, and as a counselor for the Public Defender’s office and District Attorney’s office. I worked as a counselor for The Santa Fe Mountain Center helping to create educational and therapeutic wilderness programs for at-risk teens and I am a certified It’s Yoga, Kids® yoga instructor. My counseling is characterized by empathy and collaboration. By training, I am a solution-focused counselor who is highly motivated to help you achieve your goals. I currently live in Stowe, VT.
(802) 441-7217 View (802) 441-7217
Photo of Artie Seelig, MS, MSW, Registered Psychotherapist
Artie Seelig
Registered Psychotherapist, MS, MSW
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672
Not accepting new clients
Forty years of research has shown that psychotherapy is an effective mental health treatment. I'm an experienced educator and psychotherapist ready to support your growth and change. Whether it be relationship difficulties, trauma, or other mental health struggles we will engage in the unique challenges that have brought you here.
Forty years of research has shown that psychotherapy is an effective mental health treatment. I'm an experienced educator and psychotherapist ready to support your growth and change. Whether it be relationship difficulties, trauma, or other mental health struggles we will engage in the unique challenges that have brought you here.
(802) 210-1779 View (802) 210-1779
Photo of Jennifer Stefanski, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jennifer Stefanski
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672
Not accepting new clients
Each of our lives are filled with experiences that bring highs and lows, successes and challenges, clarity and confusion, and varying degrees of everything in between. Sometimes we feel in our flow and things seem to be going as planned, and other times the road ahead is not as clear and we may feel overwhelmed, lost, isolated and/or out of balance, and realize we need some additional support. As we live out our daily lives in the present, sometimes the things impacting our here and now are easy to identify. But other times, getting to the root of the matter isn’t as obvious and requires a little more exploration.
Each of our lives are filled with experiences that bring highs and lows, successes and challenges, clarity and confusion, and varying degrees of everything in between. Sometimes we feel in our flow and things seem to be going as planned, and other times the road ahead is not as clear and we may feel overwhelmed, lost, isolated and/or out of balance, and realize we need some additional support. As we live out our daily lives in the present, sometimes the things impacting our here and now are easy to identify. But other times, getting to the root of the matter isn’t as obvious and requires a little more exploration.
(802) 471-2835 View (802) 471-2835
Photo of Prof. Isaiah Rashad II, MDiv, Pastoral Counselor
Prof. Isaiah Rashad II
Pastoral Counselor, MDiv
Verified Verified
Stowe, VT 05672
Are you struggling with various day-to-day challenges such as: Anxiety, Grief & Loss and Interpersonal-Discovery but unable to find reliable and affordable help? Contact Professor Isaiah Rashad, II for your free 15-minute consultation.
Are you struggling with various day-to-day challenges such as: Anxiety, Grief & Loss and Interpersonal-Discovery but unable to find reliable and affordable help? Contact Professor Isaiah Rashad, II for your free 15-minute consultation.
(802) 215-4147 View (802) 215-4147
Photo of Jillian Winters, MA, LCMHC, NCC, Counselor
Jillian Winters
Counselor, MA, LCMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Stowe, VT 05672
We can often feel stuck in a plot twist of our life story, but we don't have to figure things out by ourselves. Seeking professional help is both a proactive and natural way to approach life's challenges. In my practice I address: self-love, grief and loss, old beliefs, boundaries, relationship issues, conflict with parts of self, issues arising from being a highly sensitive person (HSP) and/or empath, emotional healing, spiritual connection, and creative focus. With curiosity and intention, we can step forward together into a new chapter.
We can often feel stuck in a plot twist of our life story, but we don't have to figure things out by ourselves. Seeking professional help is both a proactive and natural way to approach life's challenges. In my practice I address: self-love, grief and loss, old beliefs, boundaries, relationship issues, conflict with parts of self, issues arising from being a highly sensitive person (HSP) and/or empath, emotional healing, spiritual connection, and creative focus. With curiosity and intention, we can step forward together into a new chapter.
(802) 204-5668 View (802) 204-5668
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Stowe, VT

70+

Average cost per session

$127

Therapists in Stowe, VT who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
83% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
71% Stress
69% Grief
69% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Medicaid
44% MVP Health Care

How Therapists in Stowe, VT see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
27% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Stowe?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.