Therapists in Nashville, TN

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Photo of Helen Tarleton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, Ed, MSW, LCSW
Helen Tarleton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, Ed, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
I have 30+ years of experience helping adults, adolescents, and couples overcome challenges, heal from painful experiences, repair relationships, and ultimately thrive. I bring thoughtfulness, curiosity, and respect to each interaction with my clients, as I deeply understand the importance of a compassionate therapeutic relationship for successful outcomes in therapy.
I have 30+ years of experience helping adults, adolescents, and couples overcome challenges, heal from painful experiences, repair relationships, and ultimately thrive. I bring thoughtfulness, curiosity, and respect to each interaction with my clients, as I deeply understand the importance of a compassionate therapeutic relationship for successful outcomes in therapy.
(615) 784-5788 View (615) 784-5788
Photo of Chanella Clark, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, LPC, MHSP, (Temp)
Chanella Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, LPC, MHSP, (Temp)
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel sad, anxious, and irritable and don't know why? Do you lack energy and motivation to accomplish even minor tasks at home, work, or school? Are you struggling to put your life back in order? Therapy will allow you to make meaning of our difficult life experiences and open up to new ways of thinking, feeling, and being. I strive to provide a safe and supportive environment where clients can learn to identify and express your emotions effectively, develop healthy ways of coping with difficult emotions, improve the quality of relationships, and increase self-esteem and sense of self-worth.
Do you feel sad, anxious, and irritable and don't know why? Do you lack energy and motivation to accomplish even minor tasks at home, work, or school? Are you struggling to put your life back in order? Therapy will allow you to make meaning of our difficult life experiences and open up to new ways of thinking, feeling, and being. I strive to provide a safe and supportive environment where clients can learn to identify and express your emotions effectively, develop healthy ways of coping with difficult emotions, improve the quality of relationships, and increase self-esteem and sense of self-worth.
(629) 276-5463 View (629) 276-5463
Photo of Cathryn Yarbrough, Psychologist, PhD
Cathryn Yarbrough
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37205
Not accepting new clients
Although I am not presently taking new clients, I wish you success on your search for a therapist. I also want to remind you that every problem you face is an opportunity to evolve - to learn and to deepen your understanding of yourself and others; to increase your capacity for joy, connectedness, and emotional maturity. This is a lifelong journey. As you seek guidance on your present leg of the journey, I hope you find someone who will walk beside you with compassion and curiosity.
Although I am not presently taking new clients, I wish you success on your search for a therapist. I also want to remind you that every problem you face is an opportunity to evolve - to learn and to deepen your understanding of yourself and others; to increase your capacity for joy, connectedness, and emotional maturity. This is a lifelong journey. As you seek guidance on your present leg of the journey, I hope you find someone who will walk beside you with compassion and curiosity.
(615) 219-0706 View (615) 219-0706
Photo of Brittany Peery, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Brittany Peery
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215
Do day to day stressors, life transitions, or mental health concerns sometimes leave you feeling overwhelmed? Are you looking for ways to talk more effectively about your thoughts and emotions, or find new ways to cope with what life throws at you? I look forward to helping you tackle these challenges, in a relationship that feels safe, real, and human. My commitment to those I work with is to be fully present, nonjudgmental, and encouraging of each individual's ability to be an expert of his/her own life, thoughts, and emotions.
Do day to day stressors, life transitions, or mental health concerns sometimes leave you feeling overwhelmed? Are you looking for ways to talk more effectively about your thoughts and emotions, or find new ways to cope with what life throws at you? I look forward to helping you tackle these challenges, in a relationship that feels safe, real, and human. My commitment to those I work with is to be fully present, nonjudgmental, and encouraging of each individual's ability to be an expert of his/her own life, thoughts, and emotions.
(629) 299-2736 View (629) 299-2736
Photo of Dr. Alissa Beuerlein, Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP
Dr. Alissa Beuerlein
Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
I have had the privilege of helping many different people through a range of different issues. I am well versed with complex trauma, anxiety, PTSD, depression, donor conceived people, adoptees, and other issues.
I have had the privilege of helping many different people through a range of different issues. I am well versed with complex trauma, anxiety, PTSD, depression, donor conceived people, adoptees, and other issues.
(615) 965-4203 View (615) 965-4203
Photo of Robert R Jacobs, Psychologist, PhD
Robert R Jacobs
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
Life can take turns that present difficult challenges. We experience those challenges in a number of different ways: difficulties adjusting to new circumstances, confusion in deciding on a career path, struggles in relationships, or coping with loss. Often we feel anxious, depressed, confused, or overwhelmed and need help dealing with feelings and problems that seem beyond our control. Help may come from friends, family members, or significant others, but in some cases help is needed from a trained professional. Therapy is a process that can help people identify more effective strategies both to cope with difficult situations and to achieve their goals.
Life can take turns that present difficult challenges. We experience those challenges in a number of different ways: difficulties adjusting to new circumstances, confusion in deciding on a career path, struggles in relationships, or coping with loss. Often we feel anxious, depressed, confused, or overwhelmed and need help dealing with feelings and problems that seem beyond our control. Help may come from friends, family members, or significant others, but in some cases help is needed from a trained professional. Therapy is a process that can help people identify more effective strategies both to cope with difficult situations and to achieve their goals.
(423) 408-8920 View (423) 408-8920
Photo of Rece McGee, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Rece McGee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
At Soulful Bloom Therapy we strive to provide culturally competent & evidence-based therapy for individuals, couples, and families. We are motivated by a desire to help as many people as possible learn how to have harmony in all relationships whether personal or professional. When people are able to sustain healthy relationships they tend to be more fulfilled in their lives and more empowered to reach their goals.
At Soulful Bloom Therapy we strive to provide culturally competent & evidence-based therapy for individuals, couples, and families. We are motivated by a desire to help as many people as possible learn how to have harmony in all relationships whether personal or professional. When people are able to sustain healthy relationships they tend to be more fulfilled in their lives and more empowered to reach their goals.
(615) 455-3651 View (615) 455-3651
Photo of Meadow Alsobrook, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Meadow Alsobrook
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37214
I have a passion for helping individuals and couples work through conflict by providing hands on tools for daily challenges. I also have a desire to help those who struggle with addiction in all forms, not just substances. I offer trauma informed therapy for individuals who have endured complex trauma of all kinds including grief and loss. If you suffer from anxiety or depression I provide more than just “talk therapy” with Brainspotting. I have a background in the public school system in Nashville. I will see both adolescent or adult clients.
I have a passion for helping individuals and couples work through conflict by providing hands on tools for daily challenges. I also have a desire to help those who struggle with addiction in all forms, not just substances. I offer trauma informed therapy for individuals who have endured complex trauma of all kinds including grief and loss. If you suffer from anxiety or depression I provide more than just “talk therapy” with Brainspotting. I have a background in the public school system in Nashville. I will see both adolescent or adult clients.
(615) 235-1503 View (615) 235-1503
Photo of Amanda Marshall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Amanda Marshall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209
I specialize in trauma, attachment losses such as foster care and adoption, and working with children and preteens. I enjoy working with people of all ages to address anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, anger, self-image, caregiver stress, and family changes.
I specialize in trauma, attachment losses such as foster care and adoption, and working with children and preteens. I enjoy working with people of all ages to address anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, anger, self-image, caregiver stress, and family changes.
(629) 276-6100 View (629) 276-6100
Photo of George Nelson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
George Nelson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37217
Hello! I believe that through therapy, one can receive the emotional/mental support to achieve the goal of living a true, authentic life. So many people live their lives day-to-day, bottling up those hard-to-deal-with emotions or struggling to find stability with regulating themselves in a healthy, productive manner. The goal here is not perfection but to at least begin moving towards a life that you actually enjoy living. It's time to be who you are truly meant to be.
Hello! I believe that through therapy, one can receive the emotional/mental support to achieve the goal of living a true, authentic life. So many people live their lives day-to-day, bottling up those hard-to-deal-with emotions or struggling to find stability with regulating themselves in a healthy, productive manner. The goal here is not perfection but to at least begin moving towards a life that you actually enjoy living. It's time to be who you are truly meant to be.
(615) 270-9196 View (615) 270-9196
Photo of Sarah Lee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sarah Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi! I'm Sarah Lee, LCSW. I have provided therapy in a variety of settings and with various age groups since 2018. I am looking to work with clients who may be struggling to cope with depression, life transitions, anxiety, unprocessed anger/hurt, difficulties with communication, relationship frustrations, conflict. I engage the client in conversation using open-ended questions, focusing on creating a therapeutic alliance and providing a space for open and honest communication.
Hi! I'm Sarah Lee, LCSW. I have provided therapy in a variety of settings and with various age groups since 2018. I am looking to work with clients who may be struggling to cope with depression, life transitions, anxiety, unprocessed anger/hurt, difficulties with communication, relationship frustrations, conflict. I engage the client in conversation using open-ended questions, focusing on creating a therapeutic alliance and providing a space for open and honest communication.
(629) 306-9712 View (629) 306-9712
Photo of Elizabeth Porter - Entertainment Health Services, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Entertainment Health Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209
Entertainment Health Services specializes in counseling creatives in the Nashville area, focusing on the compounding pressures of balancing life with stress specific to the entertainment industry. Some areas of practice include; relationship problems, relief from depression, anxiety, grief and loss, effective communication skills, conflict resolution, substance abuse, family therapy, maintaining creativity, and time management.
Entertainment Health Services specializes in counseling creatives in the Nashville area, focusing on the compounding pressures of balancing life with stress specific to the entertainment industry. Some areas of practice include; relationship problems, relief from depression, anxiety, grief and loss, effective communication skills, conflict resolution, substance abuse, family therapy, maintaining creativity, and time management.
(615) 454-9852 View (615) 454-9852
Photo of Elisabeth Lynch - Counseling Professionals, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, MA
Counseling Professionals
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, MA
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37217
When I first started Counseling Professionals in 2001, my vision was to provide a safe refuge from the storms of life by equipping my clients and their loved ones with the tools and healing that they need to live a happy and successful life. This practice is my not only my passion, but also my life calling. Our team of highly qualified and very passionate counselors feel honored as we are able to help our valuable clients restore hope, peace, and harmony.
When I first started Counseling Professionals in 2001, my vision was to provide a safe refuge from the storms of life by equipping my clients and their loved ones with the tools and healing that they need to live a happy and successful life. This practice is my not only my passion, but also my life calling. Our team of highly qualified and very passionate counselors feel honored as we are able to help our valuable clients restore hope, peace, and harmony.
(615) 307-4269 View (615) 307-4269
Photo of India Lacerda, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
India Lacerda
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
If a part of you is feeling intimidated by therapy and another part is trying to talk yourself out of needing it, you’re in good company. Before becoming a therapist myself, I sat in the client’s chair—both in individual and couples therapy. I’ve experienced firsthand the courage it takes to find the right therapist, risk vulnerability with a stranger, and step into the unknown. If you feel stuck, know that it’s an annoying side effect of what comes with the whole ‘being a human being for the first time’ thing. My passion is to help individuals and couples break free from these stuck places.
If a part of you is feeling intimidated by therapy and another part is trying to talk yourself out of needing it, you’re in good company. Before becoming a therapist myself, I sat in the client’s chair—both in individual and couples therapy. I’ve experienced firsthand the courage it takes to find the right therapist, risk vulnerability with a stranger, and step into the unknown. If you feel stuck, know that it’s an annoying side effect of what comes with the whole ‘being a human being for the first time’ thing. My passion is to help individuals and couples break free from these stuck places.
(615) 235-7248 View (615) 235-7248
Photo of Rose Crouch, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Rose Crouch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I really love (& have lots of experience) working with people at the following intersections: complex PTSD (especially religious trauma & sexual trauma), faith deconstruction, healing from purity culture, ethical non-monogamy/polyamory, kink, and gender/sexual identity. I am fiercely LGBTQ+ affirming- you are seen & celebrated here! I work from a non-religious, trauma-informed, and anti-oppressive lens, with a focus on building self-compassion and mindfulness practices.
I really love (& have lots of experience) working with people at the following intersections: complex PTSD (especially religious trauma & sexual trauma), faith deconstruction, healing from purity culture, ethical non-monogamy/polyamory, kink, and gender/sexual identity. I am fiercely LGBTQ+ affirming- you are seen & celebrated here! I work from a non-religious, trauma-informed, and anti-oppressive lens, with a focus on building self-compassion and mindfulness practices.
(615) 551-5176 View (615) 551-5176
Photo of Jourdan Virginia Blue, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jourdan Virginia Blue
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37208
A𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗚 𝗔𝗗𝗨𝗟𝗧𝗦 & 𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗦: Are you desperate for real results and prefer direct therapy over someone just passive listening? Have you struggled with feeling not good enough and that you can't help but to keep failing? Do you feel hopeless and unmotivated trying to meet your goals? Wondering why you keep making the SAME mistakes over and over again? Does all this hurt leave you with feelings of guilt, shame, fear, or pain? Are you in a relationship wondering if you chose the right person because of all the conflict? Do you fear that you might not be compatible but really want to find a way to fix it?
A𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗚 𝗔𝗗𝗨𝗟𝗧𝗦 & 𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗦: Are you desperate for real results and prefer direct therapy over someone just passive listening? Have you struggled with feeling not good enough and that you can't help but to keep failing? Do you feel hopeless and unmotivated trying to meet your goals? Wondering why you keep making the SAME mistakes over and over again? Does all this hurt leave you with feelings of guilt, shame, fear, or pain? Are you in a relationship wondering if you chose the right person because of all the conflict? Do you fear that you might not be compatible but really want to find a way to fix it?
(765) 819-7050 View (765) 819-7050
Photo of Valerie Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT-500
Valerie Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT-500
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37205
You're tired of always feeling overwhelmed, on autopilot, or stuck in your head with anxiety and insecurities. Self-defeating beliefs and patterns are seriously getting in the way of your goals, work, or relationships. And maybe you also struggle with food, body image, or past events / traumas that make you wonder if you'll ever feel okay in your own skin. Did I just just describe you? Let's talk. I'm not a passive therapist— I roll up my sleeves and give you tangible strategies to deal more effectively in the moment with difficult experiences, thoughts, and feelings.
You're tired of always feeling overwhelmed, on autopilot, or stuck in your head with anxiety and insecurities. Self-defeating beliefs and patterns are seriously getting in the way of your goals, work, or relationships. And maybe you also struggle with food, body image, or past events / traumas that make you wonder if you'll ever feel okay in your own skin. Did I just just describe you? Let's talk. I'm not a passive therapist— I roll up my sleeves and give you tangible strategies to deal more effectively in the moment with difficult experiences, thoughts, and feelings.
(615) 283-4507 View (615) 283-4507
Photo of Alona Armour, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alona Armour
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Therapy tailored to fit your growth is my motto. Hi, my name is Alona Armour, LCSW and with a client-centered focus, my goal is to create a safe and therapeutic space for individuals to explore their inner selves and navigate their journey of growth and healing. Through tailored therapeutic techniques, I aim to empower individuals to overcome obstacles, uncover their inner strengths, and embrace a brighter future. My approach of CBT combined with my Christian beliefs, fosters a holistic healing experience that addresses the mind, body, and spirit.
Therapy tailored to fit your growth is my motto. Hi, my name is Alona Armour, LCSW and with a client-centered focus, my goal is to create a safe and therapeutic space for individuals to explore their inner selves and navigate their journey of growth and healing. Through tailored therapeutic techniques, I aim to empower individuals to overcome obstacles, uncover their inner strengths, and embrace a brighter future. My approach of CBT combined with my Christian beliefs, fosters a holistic healing experience that addresses the mind, body, and spirit.
(629) 249-6954 View (629) 249-6954
Photo of Chasity Norris, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Chasity Norris
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi There! My name is Chasity Norris, MA, LPC-MHSP-S, LMHC, MPA. I am a Licensed Therapist in the states of TN and MA. I firmly believe your better tomorrows can start today. If you are struggling with feeling "sucked into the stuckness", overwhelmed with the stress of balancing family and work, needing support while confirming your gender identity and sexuality, intimacy and sexual difficulties, or attempting to work through the lingering effects of previous trauma and/or abuse, then I would be honored to sit with you and listen to your story.
Hi There! My name is Chasity Norris, MA, LPC-MHSP-S, LMHC, MPA. I am a Licensed Therapist in the states of TN and MA. I firmly believe your better tomorrows can start today. If you are struggling with feeling "sucked into the stuckness", overwhelmed with the stress of balancing family and work, needing support while confirming your gender identity and sexuality, intimacy and sexual difficulties, or attempting to work through the lingering effects of previous trauma and/or abuse, then I would be honored to sit with you and listen to your story.
(615) 237-7694 View (615) 237-7694
Photo of Deandra Calvin, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Deandra Calvin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am Deandra Calvin, a licensed professional counselor with a mental health specialty. I believe that there a few things more fulfilling than witnessing a person experience growth and healing. I strongly believe that our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are interconnected and that they influence our worldview. My communication style is mostly collaborative where information is exchanged and topics are discussed to achieve a common goal. I also lean toward an assertive communication style allowing space for authentic expression while maintaining respect for all.
I am Deandra Calvin, a licensed professional counselor with a mental health specialty. I believe that there a few things more fulfilling than witnessing a person experience growth and healing. I strongly believe that our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are interconnected and that they influence our worldview. My communication style is mostly collaborative where information is exchanged and topics are discussed to achieve a common goal. I also lean toward an assertive communication style allowing space for authentic expression while maintaining respect for all.
(629) 284-0982 View (629) 284-0982
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Nashville, TN

2,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Nashville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
79% Cigna and Evernorth
63% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Nashville, TN see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Nashville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.