Therapists in South Burlington, VT

Photo of Ashley Dobbins, Unlicensed Psychotherapist in South Burlington, VT
Ashley Dobbins
Unlicensed Psychotherapist, PhD
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
If you would like to learn more or schedule an appointment, please visit the MindWell Psychology's website at www.mindwellcenter.com/getstarted. Dr. Ashley Dobbins (she/her) is a clinician at MindWell’s Burlington, VT location. She specializes in working with adults of diverse cultural backgrounds and identities. Dr. Dobbins has expertise in evidence-based treatments for those managing various disorders and has specialized training to treat PTSD, concerns related to substance use, and a range of mood disorders.
If you would like to learn more or schedule an appointment, please visit the MindWell Psychology's website at www.mindwellcenter.com/getstarted. Dr. Ashley Dobbins (she/her) is a clinician at MindWell’s Burlington, VT location. She specializes in working with adults of diverse cultural backgrounds and identities. Dr. Dobbins has expertise in evidence-based treatments for those managing various disorders and has specialized training to treat PTSD, concerns related to substance use, and a range of mood disorders.
(802) 454-3916 View (802) 454-3916
Photo of David Alan Fisher, Licensed Professional Counselor in South Burlington, VT
David Alan Fisher
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC, MAED
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
Lao Tzu wrote, “Your own positive future begins in this moment.” This quote speaks to the heart of my clinical practice. I view therapy as a path taken together rooted in respect, humility, kindness, honesty, and perseverance. On this journey, we will develop a life of meaning and purpose grounded in your own goals and values.
Lao Tzu wrote, “Your own positive future begins in this moment.” This quote speaks to the heart of my clinical practice. I view therapy as a path taken together rooted in respect, humility, kindness, honesty, and perseverance. On this journey, we will develop a life of meaning and purpose grounded in your own goals and values.
(802) 444-8097 View (802) 444-8097
Photo of Sharon Davis/Your Season Counseling, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in South Burlington, VT
Sharon Davis/Your Season Counseling, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
Waitlist for new clients
My hope is that you have questions, a yearning for what's next and in need of new insight. You are curious about how to integrate your mind and body on this journey. Together we can explore transitions with curiosity to see what needs to fall away to allow something new to emerge. What season you are in is exactly right. Life is a series of choices. As we move through these seasons, how do we do this with authenticity and compassion for ourselves? Our work will focus on the connection between our mental, emotional and physical wellness.
My hope is that you have questions, a yearning for what's next and in need of new insight. You are curious about how to integrate your mind and body on this journey. Together we can explore transitions with curiosity to see what needs to fall away to allow something new to emerge. What season you are in is exactly right. Life is a series of choices. As we move through these seasons, how do we do this with authenticity and compassion for ourselves? Our work will focus on the connection between our mental, emotional and physical wellness.
(802) 210-1874 View (802) 210-1874
Photo of Jessica Webster, Counselor in South Burlington, VT
Jessica Webster
Counselor, MA, LCMHC, LADC
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I strive to provide an open, safe and respectful place for individual's to begin, or continue, working on their identified issues. My approach is to work collaboratively with individual's to facilitate person-centered strengths based therapy in order to help them accomplish their goals. I utilize a variety of therapy modalities to help with this process.
I strive to provide an open, safe and respectful place for individual's to begin, or continue, working on their identified issues. My approach is to work collaboratively with individual's to facilitate person-centered strengths based therapy in order to help them accomplish their goals. I utilize a variety of therapy modalities to help with this process.
(802) 722-7095 View (802) 722-7095
Photo of Elizabeth Hammond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in South Burlington, VT
Elizabeth Hammond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403  (Online Only)
Your relationship with food and your body has taken over your life, and you’re tired of feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, and alone. You may be fed up with the shame, tired of having no control, or sick of feeling isolated. You might not even remember a time things didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to leave the eating disorder behind. You want to feel confident and in control of your emotions. Most of all, you’re ready to reconnect with yourself.
Your relationship with food and your body has taken over your life, and you’re tired of feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, and alone. You may be fed up with the shame, tired of having no control, or sick of feeling isolated. You might not even remember a time things didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to leave the eating disorder behind. You want to feel confident and in control of your emotions. Most of all, you’re ready to reconnect with yourself.
(802) 896-8405 View (802) 896-8405
Photo of Celeste P. Berstene, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in South Burlington, VT
Celeste P. Berstene
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
South Burlington, VT 05403
Not accepting new clients
Currently not accepting new clients My goal is to help teens and young adults as they identify areas of their lives that are in need of change. I take a collaborative approach as I assist them in developing skills and tools necessary to to do so. By meeting individuals where they are at and providing caring and honest feedback, I support clients as they learn to walk through life with courage and grace.
Currently not accepting new clients My goal is to help teens and young adults as they identify areas of their lives that are in need of change. I take a collaborative approach as I assist them in developing skills and tools necessary to to do so. By meeting individuals where they are at and providing caring and honest feedback, I support clients as they learn to walk through life with courage and grace.
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Photo of Kate Littlefield, Counselor in South Burlington, VT
Kate Littlefield
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Burlington, VT 05403
If getting pregnant is harder than expected, parenting isn't what you thought it would be, you are struggling and don't know why, feeling nervous or anxious, missing your life before the baby(ies), struggling with scary thoughts, feeling disconnected from your partner and/or those around you, I can help. Whether it's your first child or your third, whether you gave birth or adopted, sometimes the transition into parenthood or parenting changes can catch us off guard. That's where I come in. I am here for you and we'll figure it out together.
If getting pregnant is harder than expected, parenting isn't what you thought it would be, you are struggling and don't know why, feeling nervous or anxious, missing your life before the baby(ies), struggling with scary thoughts, feeling disconnected from your partner and/or those around you, I can help. Whether it's your first child or your third, whether you gave birth or adopted, sometimes the transition into parenthood or parenting changes can catch us off guard. That's where I come in. I am here for you and we'll figure it out together.
(802) 494-4956 View (802) 494-4956
Photo of Rachel Kling, Psychologist in South Burlington, VT
Rachel Kling
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403  (Online Only)
Hello, I am currently taking new clients for Telehealth only. I work well with individuals who suffer from overwhelming emotional pain and anxiety and difficulty navigating relationships successfully, as well as experience a sense of lack of control over their lives. I work well with people who struggle with a sense of lack of purpose, and who struggle with self confidence and a sense of self worth. I also work with anxiety about current events and how the larger world impacts our personal lives and creates trauma. How can we navigate a painful world from a place of empowerment and a sense of inner peace?
Hello, I am currently taking new clients for Telehealth only. I work well with individuals who suffer from overwhelming emotional pain and anxiety and difficulty navigating relationships successfully, as well as experience a sense of lack of control over their lives. I work well with people who struggle with a sense of lack of purpose, and who struggle with self confidence and a sense of self worth. I also work with anxiety about current events and how the larger world impacts our personal lives and creates trauma. How can we navigate a painful world from a place of empowerment and a sense of inner peace?
(802) 750-1138 View (802) 750-1138
Photo of Molly Madore in South Burlington, VT
Molly Madore
MA
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
Not accepting new clients
For me and my work there aren't many things more powerful and influential than a genuine human connection, a respectful relationship, and a safe space for exploration. I believe the root source of any change comes from feeling secure in these very areas. My hope is that I can provide these basic foundations with my clients. I strive to create a space in which there is respect, humor, no judgement, and an openness to learn. I find that in this space people are able to tackle a range of issues, strengthen skills, and positive growth takes place.
For me and my work there aren't many things more powerful and influential than a genuine human connection, a respectful relationship, and a safe space for exploration. I believe the root source of any change comes from feeling secure in these very areas. My hope is that I can provide these basic foundations with my clients. I strive to create a space in which there is respect, humor, no judgement, and an openness to learn. I find that in this space people are able to tackle a range of issues, strengthen skills, and positive growth takes place.
(802) 428-4218 View (802) 428-4218
Photo of Bruce Chalmer, Psychologist in South Burlington, VT
Bruce Chalmer
Psychologist
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403  (Online Only)
I currently have openings for couples sessions via telehealth. In my 30+ years of experience, I've helped couples deal with a wide variety of issues, including infidelity, sex problems, parenting differences, extended-family problems, and a lot more. Check out my books, podcast, and videos on my website for more about how I work with you.
I currently have openings for couples sessions via telehealth. In my 30+ years of experience, I've helped couples deal with a wide variety of issues, including infidelity, sex problems, parenting differences, extended-family problems, and a lot more. Check out my books, podcast, and videos on my website for more about how I work with you.
(802) 227-2308 View (802) 227-2308
Photo of Mary Collett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in South Burlington, VT
Mary Collett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
If you would like to learn more or schedule an appointment, please visit the MindWell Psychology's website at www.mindwellcenter.com/getstarted. Mary (she/her/hers) is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in the state of Vermont. Viewing people as experts of their own experiences, Mary aims to create a supportive and collaborative environment where children, families, and adults advocate for their needs, feel multitudes of emotions, explore their thoughts, and gain knowledge and skills to navigate the complexities of the human experience and to change patterns.
If you would like to learn more or schedule an appointment, please visit the MindWell Psychology's website at www.mindwellcenter.com/getstarted. Mary (she/her/hers) is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in the state of Vermont. Viewing people as experts of their own experiences, Mary aims to create a supportive and collaborative environment where children, families, and adults advocate for their needs, feel multitudes of emotions, explore their thoughts, and gain knowledge and skills to navigate the complexities of the human experience and to change patterns.
(518) 510-3100 View (518) 510-3100
Photo of Cat (Adhd) Findley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in South Burlington, VT
Cat (Adhd) Findley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403  (Online Only)
If white knuckling, self shaming, pulling yourself up by your bootstraps and putting on your big girl panties worked, you’d be “cured” a billion times over. It doesn’t. At least not for me or people whose brains are different. Our minds race and it feels impossible to turn off and rest. Sometimes we use substances or other behaviors in a harmful way just to get through the day. There’s more to life out there. A more peaceful and meaningful life is possible. We need to go deeper and get to the root of things. I’ll go with you.
If white knuckling, self shaming, pulling yourself up by your bootstraps and putting on your big girl panties worked, you’d be “cured” a billion times over. It doesn’t. At least not for me or people whose brains are different. Our minds race and it feels impossible to turn off and rest. Sometimes we use substances or other behaviors in a harmful way just to get through the day. There’s more to life out there. A more peaceful and meaningful life is possible. We need to go deeper and get to the root of things. I’ll go with you.
(802) 278-9641 View (802) 278-9641
Photo of Annie M-A Jordan in South Burlington, VT
Annie M-A Jordan
Depth, PhD
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
Interested in soul-making with personal agency versus coping with dysfunctional realities? The depth lens can be used by those experiencing non-ordinary states of reality, amplified emotions, mania, anxiety, trauma presentations, & a desire to understand your psychological patterns better or create new ones. Dr. Annie facilitates a decolonization approach to tend psyche, wherein we co-create a self-care system through your cultural lenses to teach you how to keep your own council. The psyche-soma models employed include Jungian, Archetypal, Mindfulness-Based, Eco-Psychological, Wisdom Traditions, & Expressive Arts modalities.
Interested in soul-making with personal agency versus coping with dysfunctional realities? The depth lens can be used by those experiencing non-ordinary states of reality, amplified emotions, mania, anxiety, trauma presentations, & a desire to understand your psychological patterns better or create new ones. Dr. Annie facilitates a decolonization approach to tend psyche, wherein we co-create a self-care system through your cultural lenses to teach you how to keep your own council. The psyche-soma models employed include Jungian, Archetypal, Mindfulness-Based, Eco-Psychological, Wisdom Traditions, & Expressive Arts modalities.
(802) 676-7748 View (802) 676-7748
Photo of Kala Gillim, Counselor in South Burlington, VT
Kala Gillim
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
Are you ready to make a meaningful change in your life? Are you in the midst of a life transition that has thrown you off balance? Struggling with stress, anxiety, depression or relationship issues? I offer a safe, compassionate environment and collaborative approach to support you on your journey. Together we will identify your most important goals and create a therapeutic plan to reach them. We will work to deepen your self-understanding, disrupt habitual patterns, heal old wounds, and create an increased sense of empowerment, hope and possibility. (Please note - a few current every other week openings for mornings on weekdays)
Are you ready to make a meaningful change in your life? Are you in the midst of a life transition that has thrown you off balance? Struggling with stress, anxiety, depression or relationship issues? I offer a safe, compassionate environment and collaborative approach to support you on your journey. Together we will identify your most important goals and create a therapeutic plan to reach them. We will work to deepen your self-understanding, disrupt habitual patterns, heal old wounds, and create an increased sense of empowerment, hope and possibility. (Please note - a few current every other week openings for mornings on weekdays)
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Photo of Morgan Flagg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in South Burlington, VT
Morgan Flagg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
Being a human is not easy. We search for our meaning, our purpose, all while the world spins a web of uncertainty making it hard to feel safe and leaving us feeling anxious, hopeless, and estranged from what makes us happy. My goal as a therapist has always been to support my clients, both teenagers and adults, in looking at their lives to identify their meaning and purpose. I am of the firm belief that confronting those things that are hardest, with the support of others, can break the overwhelm of anxiety, the frustrations of ADHD, and the domination of OCD.
Being a human is not easy. We search for our meaning, our purpose, all while the world spins a web of uncertainty making it hard to feel safe and leaving us feeling anxious, hopeless, and estranged from what makes us happy. My goal as a therapist has always been to support my clients, both teenagers and adults, in looking at their lives to identify their meaning and purpose. I am of the firm belief that confronting those things that are hardest, with the support of others, can break the overwhelm of anxiety, the frustrations of ADHD, and the domination of OCD.
(802) 391-9137 View (802) 391-9137
Photo of Jennifer Parisi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in South Burlington, VT
Jennifer Parisi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
Not accepting new clients
My practice at Wind River Therapy is rooted in building a strong therapeutic connection through deep listening and empathy, collaboration, and honesty. I use a trauma-informed and strengths-based approach to create a safe environment for you to be seen, heard, and to start healing. I offer a welcoming, non-judgmental, and supportive space for you to be your authentic self and to receive help. We all have inherent strength and resiliency that gives us the innate ability to overcome barriers, challenges, uncertainty, and trauma.
My practice at Wind River Therapy is rooted in building a strong therapeutic connection through deep listening and empathy, collaboration, and honesty. I use a trauma-informed and strengths-based approach to create a safe environment for you to be seen, heard, and to start healing. I offer a welcoming, non-judgmental, and supportive space for you to be your authentic self and to receive help. We all have inherent strength and resiliency that gives us the innate ability to overcome barriers, challenges, uncertainty, and trauma.
(802) 526-6619 View (802) 526-6619
Photo of Jeffrey J Allen, Psychologist in South Burlington, VT
Jeffrey J Allen
Psychologist, MACP
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
Many of my clients are the ones who are being called to a more vivid version of their lives. They may have gotten off track with life purpose, or they may have long sensed something beyond familiar paths, but they’ve not had the support they needed to answer the invitation to a different way of doing or being. What I offer is mirroring, skillful inquiry, and spirited co-creation in creating this new life. I have been a practicing psychologist for 38 years, and I have also worked many years as a wilderness guide, facilitating explorations of life purpose, inner truth, and self-transformation.
Many of my clients are the ones who are being called to a more vivid version of their lives. They may have gotten off track with life purpose, or they may have long sensed something beyond familiar paths, but they’ve not had the support they needed to answer the invitation to a different way of doing or being. What I offer is mirroring, skillful inquiry, and spirited co-creation in creating this new life. I have been a practicing psychologist for 38 years, and I have also worked many years as a wilderness guide, facilitating explorations of life purpose, inner truth, and self-transformation.
(802) 736-6179 View (802) 736-6179
Photo of Lindsay B Jernigan, Psychologist in South Burlington, VT
Lindsay B Jernigan
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403  (Online Only)
Having trouble finding a therapist? I offer e-courses to get professional guidance into your hands immediately. Develop new skills and perspectives, and start feeling like yourself again. Access through my website. Professional Development and Supervision: I provide clinical supervision to pre-licensed clinicians with the option to bill through my license, and consultation services for psychotherapists, medical providers, businesses and organizations, school personnel, and other professionals. If you would like to be added to a mailing list for updates about clinical trainings available for CEUs, feel free to send me a message.
Having trouble finding a therapist? I offer e-courses to get professional guidance into your hands immediately. Develop new skills and perspectives, and start feeling like yourself again. Access through my website. Professional Development and Supervision: I provide clinical supervision to pre-licensed clinicians with the option to bill through my license, and consultation services for psychotherapists, medical providers, businesses and organizations, school personnel, and other professionals. If you would like to be added to a mailing list for updates about clinical trainings available for CEUs, feel free to send me a message.
(802) 229-8270 View (802) 229-8270
Photo of Madison Smith, Psychologist in South Burlington, VT
Madison Smith
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
Are you seeking evidence-based psychotherapy to help you achieve your goals or manage your symptoms in the most effective way? If you or your child are struggling with your mood, anxiety, trauma, obsessive or unhelpful thinking patterns, chronic pain, or behaviors you wish to change, I or another qualified therapist at MindWell Psychology may be able to help you.
Are you seeking evidence-based psychotherapy to help you achieve your goals or manage your symptoms in the most effective way? If you or your child are struggling with your mood, anxiety, trauma, obsessive or unhelpful thinking patterns, chronic pain, or behaviors you wish to change, I or another qualified therapist at MindWell Psychology may be able to help you.
(802) 880-3001 View (802) 880-3001
Photo of Amy Paysnick, Psychologist in South Burlington, VT
Amy Paysnick
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
South Burlington, VT 05403
Are you seeking evidence-based psychotherapy to help you achieve your goals or manage your symptoms in the most effective way? If you or your child are struggling with your mood, anxiety, trauma, obsessive or unhelpful thinking patterns, chronic pain, or behaviors you wish to change, I or another qualified therapist at MindWell Psychology may be able to help you. MindWell Psychology offers cognitive behavioral therapy, considered the "gold standard" treatment for a variety of conditions, including anxiety, OCD and related disorders, depression, PTSD, ADHD, chronic pain, among others. We work with children, families, and adults.
Are you seeking evidence-based psychotherapy to help you achieve your goals or manage your symptoms in the most effective way? If you or your child are struggling with your mood, anxiety, trauma, obsessive or unhelpful thinking patterns, chronic pain, or behaviors you wish to change, I or another qualified therapist at MindWell Psychology may be able to help you. MindWell Psychology offers cognitive behavioral therapy, considered the "gold standard" treatment for a variety of conditions, including anxiety, OCD and related disorders, depression, PTSD, ADHD, chronic pain, among others. We work with children, families, and adults.
(518) 510-3100 View (518) 510-3100

See more therapy options for South Burlington

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in South Burlington, VT

200+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in South Burlington, VT who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Medicaid
69% MVP Health Care

How Therapists in South Burlington, VT see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

69% Female
29% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in South Burlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.