Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Colleen Cacace, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Colleen Cacace
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19128  (Online Only)
Therapy is you and me, sitting in a room, being honest together. It sounds simple, but when the connection is real, it can be a transformative process. For most of us, it’s hard to find a place where we can be our real true selves without fear of the repercussions or reactions. Here, you are actively invited to show up as you are, be it messy, complicated, broken, or simply lost; I’m here for you exactly as you are. Together we’ll explore what’s holding you back, bringing you down, and making things difficult. We’ll work through these things without judgment to help you move forward into a less painful, more fulfilling future.
Therapy is you and me, sitting in a room, being honest together. It sounds simple, but when the connection is real, it can be a transformative process. For most of us, it’s hard to find a place where we can be our real true selves without fear of the repercussions or reactions. Here, you are actively invited to show up as you are, be it messy, complicated, broken, or simply lost; I’m here for you exactly as you are. Together we’ll explore what’s holding you back, bringing you down, and making things difficult. We’ll work through these things without judgment to help you move forward into a less painful, more fulfilling future.
(215) 709-9610 View (215) 709-9610
Photo of Key Therapy & Wellness, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Key Therapy & Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Welcome! Congratulations on taking the first step on this adventure. We know finding the right therapist can be hard, stressful and a grueling process. For many clients this is the first time they have asked for help. At Key Therapy & Wellness we believe everyone deserves to unlock their full selves, feel empowered to make choices, and be supported through the journey towards change. We provide therapy that is compassionate, collaborative, and liberating. As a team we believe in celebrating and affirming the parts of clients that make them unique.
Welcome! Congratulations on taking the first step on this adventure. We know finding the right therapist can be hard, stressful and a grueling process. For many clients this is the first time they have asked for help. At Key Therapy & Wellness we believe everyone deserves to unlock their full selves, feel empowered to make choices, and be supported through the journey towards change. We provide therapy that is compassionate, collaborative, and liberating. As a team we believe in celebrating and affirming the parts of clients that make them unique.
(484) 214-2426 View (484) 214-2426
Photo of Rae of Light Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Rae of Light Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP, CSTIP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Welcome! My name is Nara Pezolano and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP), and Certified Sex Therapy Informed Professional (CSTIP) in Pennsylvania with over 18 years of professional mental health experience. I have experience in helping clients with trauma and abuse, motivation, relationship issues, self-esteem and confidence, career difficulties, personality and mood disorders, anxiety & depression, grief, and end of life issues. I take an eclectic, person-centered approach where you are in the driver seat in your own recovery.
Welcome! My name is Nara Pezolano and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP), and Certified Sex Therapy Informed Professional (CSTIP) in Pennsylvania with over 18 years of professional mental health experience. I have experience in helping clients with trauma and abuse, motivation, relationship issues, self-esteem and confidence, career difficulties, personality and mood disorders, anxiety & depression, grief, and end of life issues. I take an eclectic, person-centered approach where you are in the driver seat in your own recovery.
(484) 946-3872 View (484) 946-3872
Photo of Lane DiFlavis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Lane DiFlavis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19148
I believe that all people are deserving of love & healing. All too often life does what life does and we lose sense of our self, our worth, & our belonging. Choosing to pursue therapy is a radical act of self love & a gift towards enriching your life, deepening your understanding of self, & improving your relationships. Congratulations on taking this courageous first step on a journey towards your most authentic self & more satisfying life.
I believe that all people are deserving of love & healing. All too often life does what life does and we lose sense of our self, our worth, & our belonging. Choosing to pursue therapy is a radical act of self love & a gift towards enriching your life, deepening your understanding of self, & improving your relationships. Congratulations on taking this courageous first step on a journey towards your most authentic self & more satisfying life.
(215) 883-4414 View (215) 883-4414
Photo of Sar Davis, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Sar Davis
Pre-Licensed Professional, MPS
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
I specialize in supporting clients who value a gentle, explorative approach and seek a therapist with a holistic perspective. For those who prefer harm reduction and transparency, I offer a less clinical approach, prioritizing the therapeutic relationship above all else. I provide comprehensive gender-affirming care to individuals seeking support in aligning their gender identity with their mental well-being. With a strong foundation in community care, I am committed to providing support that is transparent, compassionate, and tailored to your unique needs.
I specialize in supporting clients who value a gentle, explorative approach and seek a therapist with a holistic perspective. For those who prefer harm reduction and transparency, I offer a less clinical approach, prioritizing the therapeutic relationship above all else. I provide comprehensive gender-affirming care to individuals seeking support in aligning their gender identity with their mental well-being. With a strong foundation in community care, I am committed to providing support that is transparent, compassionate, and tailored to your unique needs.
(267) 440-6852 View (267) 440-6852
Photo of Mandy Schaller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Mandy Schaller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19118
If you’re looking for support in shedding limiting beliefs & old patterns that may be blocking your success in work, school, finances, or relationships— I’ve had 20 years experience, working in human behavior, health and healing to create lasting, positive changes. I equally enjoy the art & science of being a therapist; I integrate brain health, nutrition, family system history as well as art & music into the treatment process. My professional history includes individual, family & group therapy in anxiety, depression & trauma. I allow clients to set goals and a pace that feels useful and individualized.
If you’re looking for support in shedding limiting beliefs & old patterns that may be blocking your success in work, school, finances, or relationships— I’ve had 20 years experience, working in human behavior, health and healing to create lasting, positive changes. I equally enjoy the art & science of being a therapist; I integrate brain health, nutrition, family system history as well as art & music into the treatment process. My professional history includes individual, family & group therapy in anxiety, depression & trauma. I allow clients to set goals and a pace that feels useful and individualized.
(215) 883-8803 View (215) 883-8803
Photo of Mareena Story, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Mareena Story
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Are you looking for a supportive and compassionate professional counselor in Pennsylvania? With over six years of experience as a master's level counselor, I am dedicated to helping individuals like you navigate through life's challenges. Whether you're dealing with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting struggles, career challenges, or ADHD, I am here to provide the guidance and support you need.
Are you looking for a supportive and compassionate professional counselor in Pennsylvania? With over six years of experience as a master's level counselor, I am dedicated to helping individuals like you navigate through life's challenges. Whether you're dealing with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting struggles, career challenges, or ADHD, I am here to provide the guidance and support you need.
(484) 666-5925 View (484) 666-5925
Photo of Mav Atis-Valentine, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Mav Atis-Valentine
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19143  (Online Only)
My work is trauma informed, taking into consideration the specific needs of each individual based on their past experiences. When you are aware of the ways you are influenced by your past programming, we can put the tools in your hands to help you take control of your life. I strive to provide you with an empathetic space for you to become your truest self.
My work is trauma informed, taking into consideration the specific needs of each individual based on their past experiences. When you are aware of the ways you are influenced by your past programming, we can put the tools in your hands to help you take control of your life. I strive to provide you with an empathetic space for you to become your truest self.
(267) 459-2479 View (267) 459-2479
Photo of Rachel Reed, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Rachel Reed
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I anticipate having availability in my practice in May 2024, however you are welcome to reach out in the meantime with questions, I will return messages as soon as possible. I support people dealing with stress, anxiety, trauma, depression, difficult family & relationship dynamics, job/school concerns and more. Some come with very specific therapy goals, others because someone in their lives suggested or requested it, still others to generally better understand themselves. All are welcome.
I anticipate having availability in my practice in May 2024, however you are welcome to reach out in the meantime with questions, I will return messages as soon as possible. I support people dealing with stress, anxiety, trauma, depression, difficult family & relationship dynamics, job/school concerns and more. Some come with very specific therapy goals, others because someone in their lives suggested or requested it, still others to generally better understand themselves. All are welcome.
(484) 498-2909 View (484) 498-2909
Photo of Nicollette Airhart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Nicollette Airhart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19151  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and psychotherapist practicing in the state of Pennsylvania. I am a white, non-binary, queer, able-bodied person who is a transplant to Philadelphia. I believe the therapeutic relationship can be an incredibly powerful resource for increasing self-awareness, self-love, and healing through connection. My aim as a therapist is to foster a safe, nonjudgmental space that honors individuals’ intersecting identities and aids clients in finding their own truths.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and psychotherapist practicing in the state of Pennsylvania. I am a white, non-binary, queer, able-bodied person who is a transplant to Philadelphia. I believe the therapeutic relationship can be an incredibly powerful resource for increasing self-awareness, self-love, and healing through connection. My aim as a therapist is to foster a safe, nonjudgmental space that honors individuals’ intersecting identities and aids clients in finding their own truths.
(215) 918-7986 View (215) 918-7986
Photo of Christine Wamble, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Christine Wamble
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Feeling connected is an integral part of nourishing relationships. Clients come to me when they feel disconnected, lost, overwhelmed, lonely, frustrated, angry, sad, and confused. Maybe you aren't sure what you want, and need help gaining clarity. You may want something but don't know how to get it, or worthy enough to receive it. My role is to walk with you as you learn about yourself, and how your family, relationships, and experiences have impacted your understanding of who you are both internally and in relationship with others. I hope to empower you to value your gifts, and form relationships that enrich your life.
Feeling connected is an integral part of nourishing relationships. Clients come to me when they feel disconnected, lost, overwhelmed, lonely, frustrated, angry, sad, and confused. Maybe you aren't sure what you want, and need help gaining clarity. You may want something but don't know how to get it, or worthy enough to receive it. My role is to walk with you as you learn about yourself, and how your family, relationships, and experiences have impacted your understanding of who you are both internally and in relationship with others. I hope to empower you to value your gifts, and form relationships that enrich your life.
(610) 546-2577 View (610) 546-2577
Photo of Dianne Gadishaw, Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Dianne Gadishaw
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19116  (Online Only)
Dianne is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida with 3 years of professional work experience. She have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, family conflicts, trauma, abuse, and grief and loss, as well as life transitional assistance. Dianne completed her Master of Counseling Psychology at Trinity International University in Miami, Florida.
Dianne is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida with 3 years of professional work experience. She have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, family conflicts, trauma, abuse, and grief and loss, as well as life transitional assistance. Dianne completed her Master of Counseling Psychology at Trinity International University in Miami, Florida.
(215) 608-1969 View (215) 608-1969
Photo of Gabrielle E Gorin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Gabrielle E Gorin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Welcome! Between relationships, work, family, friends, goals, and obligations, life can get overwhelming sometimes. If only we could flip a switch or wave a magic wand and all of our problems and stresses could disappear...with that not being an option, you may be wondering where to start and how to navigate it all? I am here to help you find the best ways to do just that. We can work together in finding how you can best manage everything on your plate, enjoy life, and meet your goals.
Welcome! Between relationships, work, family, friends, goals, and obligations, life can get overwhelming sometimes. If only we could flip a switch or wave a magic wand and all of our problems and stresses could disappear...with that not being an option, you may be wondering where to start and how to navigate it all? I am here to help you find the best ways to do just that. We can work together in finding how you can best manage everything on your plate, enjoy life, and meet your goals.
(267) 609-8608 View (267) 609-8608
Photo of Katharine L. Bertolet Psyd, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Katharine L. Bertolet Psyd
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, BA
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19118
The psychotherapy I do is depth-oriented, offered in a safe and peaceful setting, where we can build your sense of inner peace. We will uncover your family legacy, as well as the maladaptive patterns you are living that underlie your suffering. Within that context, we will practice awareness of the present moment and unhook you from the influences of the past. We can work to improve your relationships, clarify your life goals and help you find a sense of ease and confidence in yourself. If you are depressed and/or anxious, we will find the ways to release you from emotional pain and move toward personal fulfillment.
The psychotherapy I do is depth-oriented, offered in a safe and peaceful setting, where we can build your sense of inner peace. We will uncover your family legacy, as well as the maladaptive patterns you are living that underlie your suffering. Within that context, we will practice awareness of the present moment and unhook you from the influences of the past. We can work to improve your relationships, clarify your life goals and help you find a sense of ease and confidence in yourself. If you are depressed and/or anxious, we will find the ways to release you from emotional pain and move toward personal fulfillment.
(215) 987-5281 View (215) 987-5281
Photo of Nomi Teutsch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Nomi Teutsch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19143
Waitlist for new clients
Are you looking to break a cycle that has been playing out in your life on repeat? ​Are you interested in changing your patterns of behavior in relationships with others, and finding a way to do something new? I am here to listen, to be on your team, and to support you as you cultivate the insights that will help you to access your wisest self. I believe that change is made possible by developing true self-compassion and self-acceptance. Though healing work can be hard and messy, I know that it can also be creative, enlivening, and a source of real hope.
Are you looking to break a cycle that has been playing out in your life on repeat? ​Are you interested in changing your patterns of behavior in relationships with others, and finding a way to do something new? I am here to listen, to be on your team, and to support you as you cultivate the insights that will help you to access your wisest self. I believe that change is made possible by developing true self-compassion and self-acceptance. Though healing work can be hard and messy, I know that it can also be creative, enlivening, and a source of real hope.
(267) 592-6604 View (267) 592-6604
Photo of Mischa Patteson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Mischa Patteson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
My first priority is for my clients to feel safe and heard, and I believe it is my job to create that space. As I’ve seen in my personal and professional life, therapy can save lives both figuratively and literally by developing acceptance, hope, and change. Some challenges I support clients through include relationship issues, communication, emotion and mood regulation, and trauma from childhood or adult abuse. My personal experiences allow me to better relate to and understand clients with whom I share similarities. My role is to walk alongside my clients, eliciting their self-knowledge, and offering tools along the way.
My first priority is for my clients to feel safe and heard, and I believe it is my job to create that space. As I’ve seen in my personal and professional life, therapy can save lives both figuratively and literally by developing acceptance, hope, and change. Some challenges I support clients through include relationship issues, communication, emotion and mood regulation, and trauma from childhood or adult abuse. My personal experiences allow me to better relate to and understand clients with whom I share similarities. My role is to walk alongside my clients, eliciting their self-knowledge, and offering tools along the way.
(267) 517-8714 View (267) 517-8714
Photo of Jennifer Costello, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Jennifer Costello
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Jennifer and many people call me Jen. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in NY and PA, and have truly enjoyed my work for many years now.
Hi, my name is Jennifer and many people call me Jen. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in NY and PA, and have truly enjoyed my work for many years now.
(484) 859-1273 View (484) 859-1273
Photo of Devann Wisniewski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Devann Wisniewski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19129
Hello, I'm Devann! Please allow me to introduce myself. I completed my BA in psychology at Temple University in 2003. Following several years of employment at an inpatient eating disorder program I went on to complete my MSW at Widener University in 2008. I have practiced individual, family, and group therapy sessions in both inpatient and outpatient settings with a primary focus on eating disorders, anxiety, addiction recovery, depression, and life transitions.
Hello, I'm Devann! Please allow me to introduce myself. I completed my BA in psychology at Temple University in 2003. Following several years of employment at an inpatient eating disorder program I went on to complete my MSW at Widener University in 2008. I have practiced individual, family, and group therapy sessions in both inpatient and outpatient settings with a primary focus on eating disorders, anxiety, addiction recovery, depression, and life transitions.
(610) 298-9345 View (610) 298-9345
Cycle Breakers - at Turning Leaf Therapy, LLC
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106
At Cycle Breakers, we understand that raising a child or teen is hard these days. Kids are facing enormous challenges and can easily struggle with a variety of emotional, behavioral, or social problems. Parents worry about their children's well-being and want the best for them. It's painful to feel like you are watching them struggle and don't know what to do to help them. Sometimes, parents feel like they are working hard to do better than their own parents, yet feel confused about what that actually looks like. Sometimes, parents feel surprised about what gets triggered from their own histories or childhoods and powerless to cope.
At Cycle Breakers, we understand that raising a child or teen is hard these days. Kids are facing enormous challenges and can easily struggle with a variety of emotional, behavioral, or social problems. Parents worry about their children's well-being and want the best for them. It's painful to feel like you are watching them struggle and don't know what to do to help them. Sometimes, parents feel like they are working hard to do better than their own parents, yet feel confused about what that actually looks like. Sometimes, parents feel surprised about what gets triggered from their own histories or childhoods and powerless to cope.
(267) 544-1563 View (267) 544-1563
Photo of Jasmin Moyer, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Jasmin Moyer
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19122  (Online Only)
Feeling stuck in a painful cycle? Maybe you've recently transitioned into motherhood-whether for the first or fourth time-and are struggling to adjust, feeling on top of the world some days and trapped in overwhelm on others. Perhaps you're a student who needs support navigating the pressures of academia, finding it challenging to manage expectations. Whether you need support managing your emotions, navigating relentless worry, or re-writing a trauma narrative from your past, I am here to help.  I'm glad that you're here!
Feeling stuck in a painful cycle? Maybe you've recently transitioned into motherhood-whether for the first or fourth time-and are struggling to adjust, feeling on top of the world some days and trapped in overwhelm on others. Perhaps you're a student who needs support navigating the pressures of academia, finding it challenging to manage expectations. Whether you need support managing your emotions, navigating relentless worry, or re-writing a trauma narrative from your past, I am here to help.  I'm glad that you're here!
(267) 609-8436 View (267) 609-8436

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.