Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Carolyn H. Bray, Ph.D., Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Carolyn H. Bray, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
In my 30+ years practicing psychotherapy, I have had extensive experience working with adults who are trying to adjust to the problems that life presents to us---a difficult childhood, trauma, anxiety, depression, postpartum depression, stress, working with a child who has a difficult mental illness, sexual abuse,couples' relationship struggles (heterosexual, gay, and lesbian), and grief from the loss of someone treasured. Always my treatment goal is to facilitate the improvement in the quality of life for each individual and to look for the creative aspect within the destruction. Healing is a natural process, but sometimes it is difficult to remember that fact.
In my 30+ years practicing psychotherapy, I have had extensive experience working with adults who are trying to adjust to the problems that life presents to us---a difficult childhood, trauma, anxiety, depression, postpartum depression, stress, working with a child who has a difficult mental illness, sexual abuse,couples' relationship struggles (heterosexual, gay, and lesbian), and grief from the loss of someone treasured. Always my treatment goal is to facilitate the improvement in the quality of life for each individual and to look for the creative aspect within the destruction. Healing is a natural process, but sometimes it is difficult to remember that fact.
(415) 689-1012 View (415) 689-1012
Photo of Jackson Doyle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jackson Doyle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
As a psychotherapist with a decade of experience in hospitals, primary care clinics, and the broader public health system, I have experience with a wide range of issues and with individuals of diverse backgrounds.
As a psychotherapist with a decade of experience in hospitals, primary care clinics, and the broader public health system, I have experience with a wide range of issues and with individuals of diverse backgrounds.
(510) 800-9801 View (510) 800-9801
Photo of Olga Rocklin Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Olga Rocklin Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
Choosing to see a therapist is a courageous act; I applaud you for taking this step. Therapy works best when we collaborate. I believe that in working together in an authentic and curious way, we can figure out effective ways to meet your current challenges in a supportive environment. Learning to use wholesome coping skills is a central part of the work we'll do together.
Choosing to see a therapist is a courageous act; I applaud you for taking this step. Therapy works best when we collaborate. I believe that in working together in an authentic and curious way, we can figure out effective ways to meet your current challenges in a supportive environment. Learning to use wholesome coping skills is a central part of the work we'll do together.
(628) 265-4935 View (628) 265-4935
Photo of Leslie Elwell, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Leslie Elwell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122
I became a therapist because of the transformative experience I had as a client. I know firsthand how powerful and healing the therapeutic relationship can be and this is the experience I aim to give my clients. It is possible to create the life and the relationships that nourish and inspire you, but most of us get stuck somewhere along the way and need help figuring out how to get back on track and how to heal the parts of ourselves that keep us in unhealthy and ultimately unfulfilling patterns of thought, feeling or behavior. My approach emphasizes acceptance of, and compassion for, the whole person.
I became a therapist because of the transformative experience I had as a client. I know firsthand how powerful and healing the therapeutic relationship can be and this is the experience I aim to give my clients. It is possible to create the life and the relationships that nourish and inspire you, but most of us get stuck somewhere along the way and need help figuring out how to get back on track and how to heal the parts of ourselves that keep us in unhealthy and ultimately unfulfilling patterns of thought, feeling or behavior. My approach emphasizes acceptance of, and compassion for, the whole person.
(628) 210-3135 View (628) 210-3135
Photo of Jamie David, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jamie David
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I believe that the most important relationship we have is the one with ourselves. In my experience, when we lack connection with our authentic selves, we experience a disconnect from ourselves that can cause great emotional pain and suffering, as well as challenges in our relationships. My mission as a therapist is to be curious and compassionate while providing a safe space for others to be seen and heard. When we feel safe and seen in the presence of another, we receive an opportunity to deeply explore ourselves in ways that can lead to a profound sense of healing.
I believe that the most important relationship we have is the one with ourselves. In my experience, when we lack connection with our authentic selves, we experience a disconnect from ourselves that can cause great emotional pain and suffering, as well as challenges in our relationships. My mission as a therapist is to be curious and compassionate while providing a safe space for others to be seen and heard. When we feel safe and seen in the presence of another, we receive an opportunity to deeply explore ourselves in ways that can lead to a profound sense of healing.
(415) 498-1345 View (415) 498-1345
Photo of Rachel M Cleveland, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rachel M Cleveland
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR-P
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
**Accepting New Clients** Feel cared for and heard, experience a safe and authentic connection, find clarity, heal from a past or more recent traumatic event. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Provisional Art Therapist and Mindfulness-based Practitioner, I offer a person-centered, strength-based holistic approach to healing. In addition to traditional talk therapy, I work with the creative mind, this work includes art and expressive mediums to understand how our earliest experiences in life create the implicit, behavioral patterns that we can potentially carry with us for a lifetime.
**Accepting New Clients** Feel cared for and heard, experience a safe and authentic connection, find clarity, heal from a past or more recent traumatic event. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Provisional Art Therapist and Mindfulness-based Practitioner, I offer a person-centered, strength-based holistic approach to healing. In addition to traditional talk therapy, I work with the creative mind, this work includes art and expressive mediums to understand how our earliest experiences in life create the implicit, behavioral patterns that we can potentially carry with us for a lifetime.
(650) 249-9418 View (650) 249-9418
Photo of Patrick J. Norton, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Patrick J. Norton
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
As a seasoned depth psychologist formally trained in exploring the depths of being human, I will work collaboratively with you to get to the root of what ails you. I find cultivating an affirming, caring stance allows an individual to move more readily towards healing and the resolution of problems and difficulties. Consequently, you can be the person you want to be thereby realizing greater personal agency and generating more successful relationships. The heart and soul of my practice involves working with chronic shame, gender and sexuality issues, life transitions, grief, loss, trauma, dissociated self-states, self exploration.
As a seasoned depth psychologist formally trained in exploring the depths of being human, I will work collaboratively with you to get to the root of what ails you. I find cultivating an affirming, caring stance allows an individual to move more readily towards healing and the resolution of problems and difficulties. Consequently, you can be the person you want to be thereby realizing greater personal agency and generating more successful relationships. The heart and soul of my practice involves working with chronic shame, gender and sexuality issues, life transitions, grief, loss, trauma, dissociated self-states, self exploration.
(415) 697-2988 View (415) 697-2988
Photo of Kenneth F Edwards, Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Kenneth F Edwards
Counselor, LPCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
I typically work best with clients that have a high degree of self-agency and are in a career building or sustaining phase of life. I enjoy working with clients that enjoy a challenge from their therapist to grow and improve from visit to visit.
I typically work best with clients that have a high degree of self-agency and are in a career building or sustaining phase of life. I enjoy working with clients that enjoy a challenge from their therapist to grow and improve from visit to visit.
(415) 496-4658 View (415) 496-4658
Photo of Sarah Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sarah Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Is that painful experience or worry stuck on repeat in your mind? Maybe it was a scary incident, negative comment, embarrassing moment or even a sports injury. Or maybe you're nervous AF about college or grad school exams, public speaking, or playing in your game. Regardless, you're tired of it bothering you so much. And you're fed up with it preventing you from doing what you want to do. But you're ready to feel calm. You're ready to perform well without questioning your self-worth. And most of all, you want to reclaim joy, move forward with confidence and feel like yourself again. I want to help you get there.
Is that painful experience or worry stuck on repeat in your mind? Maybe it was a scary incident, negative comment, embarrassing moment or even a sports injury. Or maybe you're nervous AF about college or grad school exams, public speaking, or playing in your game. Regardless, you're tired of it bothering you so much. And you're fed up with it preventing you from doing what you want to do. But you're ready to feel calm. You're ready to perform well without questioning your self-worth. And most of all, you want to reclaim joy, move forward with confidence and feel like yourself again. I want to help you get there.
(310) 692-7765 View (310) 692-7765
Photo of Elizabeth Barragan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Elizabeth Barragan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I am dedicated to assisting you in this process by providing the safety to look inward without judgment or expectation but with a sense of curiosity, understanding, and self-compassion. My approach is to join you on your journey and support you in accessing your inner strength, building purpose, hope, and the quality of your life that you deserve. Whatever it is you seek on this journey my hope is to support you in working through the difficulties and support you in reaching your highest potential and building your optimal sense of self.
As a therapist, I am dedicated to assisting you in this process by providing the safety to look inward without judgment or expectation but with a sense of curiosity, understanding, and self-compassion. My approach is to join you on your journey and support you in accessing your inner strength, building purpose, hope, and the quality of your life that you deserve. Whatever it is you seek on this journey my hope is to support you in working through the difficulties and support you in reaching your highest potential and building your optimal sense of self.
(415) 687-4439 View (415) 687-4439
Photo of Nathalie Paven, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nathalie Paven
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94117  (Online Only)
It's not always easy to be a person. My job as a therapist is helping you figure out what works for you. I'm particularly good with clients who feel they don't fit the mold of societal expectations. I enjoy working with people who may be cautious about psychotherapy. My areas of expertise include relationship issues; depression and anxiety; chronic illness and disability; the impact of illness on couples and families.
It's not always easy to be a person. My job as a therapist is helping you figure out what works for you. I'm particularly good with clients who feel they don't fit the mold of societal expectations. I enjoy working with people who may be cautious about psychotherapy. My areas of expertise include relationship issues; depression and anxiety; chronic illness and disability; the impact of illness on couples and families.
(415) 688-2069 View (415) 688-2069
Photo of Victoria Storr, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Victoria Storr
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MS
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Hello, I’m Victoria Storr and I guide clients towards a self-chosen life. One where they feel empowered and confident. Sounds nice right? I promise you, it feels even better. I could imagine you’re a bit skeptical. I’m sure you’re thinking that living the life of your dreams is not possible for you because of past mistakes, current circumstances, or because it hasn’t worked before. I meet all of my clients in this exact moment in their story; The specifics change but the root of the issue is often the same: people living in patterns of thoughts and actions which keep them trapped and hold them back.
Hello, I’m Victoria Storr and I guide clients towards a self-chosen life. One where they feel empowered and confident. Sounds nice right? I promise you, it feels even better. I could imagine you’re a bit skeptical. I’m sure you’re thinking that living the life of your dreams is not possible for you because of past mistakes, current circumstances, or because it hasn’t worked before. I meet all of my clients in this exact moment in their story; The specifics change but the root of the issue is often the same: people living in patterns of thoughts and actions which keep them trapped and hold them back.
(628) 201-6907 View (628) 201-6907
Photo of Rob Riddell, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Rob Riddell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Not accepting new clients
www.robriddell.com I help individual adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, life transitions, crises of meaning, relationship issues, and/or personality problems. Within a warm and collaborative therapeutic relationship, I adopt an integrated approach that may include mindfulness-based practice, Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). I work with clients to foster flexibility and healthy relationships. A core part of treatment is clarifying and moving toward deeply held values. I define "happiness" as flourishing -- living a valued life.
www.robriddell.com I help individual adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, life transitions, crises of meaning, relationship issues, and/or personality problems. Within a warm and collaborative therapeutic relationship, I adopt an integrated approach that may include mindfulness-based practice, Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). I work with clients to foster flexibility and healthy relationships. A core part of treatment is clarifying and moving toward deeply held values. I define "happiness" as flourishing -- living a valued life.
(415) 991-7652 View (415) 991-7652
Photo of Antje Hofmeister MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Antje Hofmeister MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Life is change and, mostly, you've been rolling with the punches. But complicated life transitions can leave anyone at a loss. You might feel helpless, hopeless and alone in trying to cope with relationship issues and troublesome or debilitating symptoms of depression, anxiety, trauma, and obsessions. With nearly two decades of experience, I help adults and families like you navigate the turmoil of challenging life passages including death of a loved one, chronic or terminal illness, relationship issues, separation or divorce, or adjustments to a different job, culture, gender, or sexual orientation.
Life is change and, mostly, you've been rolling with the punches. But complicated life transitions can leave anyone at a loss. You might feel helpless, hopeless and alone in trying to cope with relationship issues and troublesome or debilitating symptoms of depression, anxiety, trauma, and obsessions. With nearly two decades of experience, I help adults and families like you navigate the turmoil of challenging life passages including death of a loved one, chronic or terminal illness, relationship issues, separation or divorce, or adjustments to a different job, culture, gender, or sexual orientation.
(650) 918-5006 View (650) 918-5006
Photo of Rose Gupta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rose Gupta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Many people, perhaps like yourself, find relationship issues with family, spouses, work colleagues very challenging and often these relationships evoke anxiety, anger and fear. Some people have had very difficult upbringings, and while they appear to cope, they are often emotionally surviving rather than thriving. This is a valid reason to seek therapeutic attention.
Many people, perhaps like yourself, find relationship issues with family, spouses, work colleagues very challenging and often these relationships evoke anxiety, anger and fear. Some people have had very difficult upbringings, and while they appear to cope, they are often emotionally surviving rather than thriving. This is a valid reason to seek therapeutic attention.
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Photo of Jeanette Chong, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jeanette Chong
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Dr. Jeanette Chong is a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in behavioral medicine. She has experience working with individuals coping with chronic pain and long-term health issues, and a wide range of other mental health concerns. Dr. Chong uses an integrative approach, considering the biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors that can impact an individual’s emotional and physical health. Her approach integrates CBT, mindfulness, and values-based interventions to help individuals learn effective tools and improve their quality of life.
Dr. Jeanette Chong is a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in behavioral medicine. She has experience working with individuals coping with chronic pain and long-term health issues, and a wide range of other mental health concerns. Dr. Chong uses an integrative approach, considering the biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors that can impact an individual’s emotional and physical health. Her approach integrates CBT, mindfulness, and values-based interventions to help individuals learn effective tools and improve their quality of life.
(415) 855-9204 View (415) 855-9204
Photo of Sarah Moulding, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sarah Moulding
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
I am a warm and experienced psychotherapist who works with adults living with the challenging effects of high anxiety, relationship problems, difficult life transitions, and trauma. I listen and work closely with you to understand what factors may be contributing to your present difficulty, and from there create a plan for the path forward to feeling better. Whether it be learning strategies to live a full life in spite of anxiety, improving the quality of your relationships, resolving symptoms or simply feeling less alone in the world, my goal is for you to see tangible results from your treatment with me.
I am a warm and experienced psychotherapist who works with adults living with the challenging effects of high anxiety, relationship problems, difficult life transitions, and trauma. I listen and work closely with you to understand what factors may be contributing to your present difficulty, and from there create a plan for the path forward to feeling better. Whether it be learning strategies to live a full life in spite of anxiety, improving the quality of your relationships, resolving symptoms or simply feeling less alone in the world, my goal is for you to see tangible results from your treatment with me.
(415) 534-6386 View (415) 534-6386
Photo of Aimee Rozen, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Aimee Rozen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131
Waitlist for new clients
I offer a genuine, compassionate and respectful relationship with my clients, so they can reach greater self-awareness and insight. My goal is to help each person I work with reach greater satisfaction with the overall quality of their life and attain the personal tools needed to strengthen intimate relationships. I view mental health similarly to physical health: when there's an injury or illness, seeking professional intervention, guidance and support can improve overall wellness.
I offer a genuine, compassionate and respectful relationship with my clients, so they can reach greater self-awareness and insight. My goal is to help each person I work with reach greater satisfaction with the overall quality of their life and attain the personal tools needed to strengthen intimate relationships. I view mental health similarly to physical health: when there's an injury or illness, seeking professional intervention, guidance and support can improve overall wellness.
(415) 236-2973 View (415) 236-2973
Photo of Janice Keenberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Janice Keenberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Hello, my name is Janice Keenberg and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) practicing in a small mountain town in Southern California. I have worked for more than two decades providing mental health counseling, liaison services, advocacy, and support services for community agencies and medical facilities in the Los Angeles and Bakersfield area. I enjoy working with adults of all ages and my focus is on helping clients cope with strong emotions brought about by depression, anxiety, stress, grief, chronic illness, and addiction.
Hello, my name is Janice Keenberg and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) practicing in a small mountain town in Southern California. I have worked for more than two decades providing mental health counseling, liaison services, advocacy, and support services for community agencies and medical facilities in the Los Angeles and Bakersfield area. I enjoy working with adults of all ages and my focus is on helping clients cope with strong emotions brought about by depression, anxiety, stress, grief, chronic illness, and addiction.
(415) 592-6513 View (415) 592-6513
Genie Dvorak
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Dr. Dvorak is a Clinical Psychologist and Psychoanalyst practicing in San Francisco. She works with individuals, couples, children and adolescents. In addition to providing psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, she provides consultation for other clinicians and serves on a variety of professional committees. Her teaching and supervision affiliations include the San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis, California Pacific Medical Center and Access Institute. In 2013, 2015 and 2017 Dr. Dvorak was selected as the Outstanding Teacher of the Year in CPMC's Psychology Training Program for her work as an instructor, supervisor and mentor.
Dr. Dvorak is a Clinical Psychologist and Psychoanalyst practicing in San Francisco. She works with individuals, couples, children and adolescents. In addition to providing psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, she provides consultation for other clinicians and serves on a variety of professional committees. Her teaching and supervision affiliations include the San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis, California Pacific Medical Center and Access Institute. In 2013, 2015 and 2017 Dr. Dvorak was selected as the Outstanding Teacher of the Year in CPMC's Psychology Training Program for her work as an instructor, supervisor and mentor.
(415) 912-1780 View (415) 912-1780

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.