Psychiatrists in San Francisco, CA

Photo of Dr. Emily Willow, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Emily Willow
Psychiatrist, MD
San Francisco, CA 94123
I am a board certified UCSF-trained psychiatrist, researcher, and educator based in San Francisco, California.  My practice and research focus is on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapies and I have worked on multiple clinical trials investigating psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy – including both MDMA and psilocybin. In addition to my private practice, I am an attending at UCSF and ZSFGH in Psychiatric Emergency Services. Please see my website for more information regarding my private practice services.
I am a board certified UCSF-trained psychiatrist, researcher, and educator based in San Francisco, California.  My practice and research focus is on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapies and I have worked on multiple clinical trials investigating psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy – including both MDMA and psilocybin. In addition to my private practice, I am an attending at UCSF and ZSFGH in Psychiatric Emergency Services. Please see my website for more information regarding my private practice services.
View
Photo of Jeff Leininger, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Jeff Leininger
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
San Francisco, CA 94110
I help individuals who are experiencing challenging life transitions, acute or chronic anxiety, depression, ADHD, bipolar, insomnia and substance use disorders . I also offer Ketamine and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. I work with clients during their times of wellness in order to create a more balanced and hopefully a more fulfilling life.
I help individuals who are experiencing challenging life transitions, acute or chronic anxiety, depression, ADHD, bipolar, insomnia and substance use disorders . I also offer Ketamine and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. I work with clients during their times of wellness in order to create a more balanced and hopefully a more fulfilling life.
(415) 702-4304 View (415) 702-4304
Photo of Amy Tyson, Psychiatrist, MD
Amy Tyson
Psychiatrist, MD
San Francisco, CA 94118
Not accepting new clients
People come to me with a wide range of problems, often not clear about why they are suffering. They may feel anxious, depressed, empty or confused; they may be having difficulty with relationships or work but not understand why. I will meet with you to evaluate what the problem is and how best to approach treatment. Why choose a psychoanalytically oriented psychiatrist? I believe that in a nonjudgmental atmosphere you will be able to explore why you are stuck in old patterns or feel unhappy in your life and relationships. I will help you gain insight so that you can feel freer, more confident, and happier.
People come to me with a wide range of problems, often not clear about why they are suffering. They may feel anxious, depressed, empty or confused; they may be having difficulty with relationships or work but not understand why. I will meet with you to evaluate what the problem is and how best to approach treatment. Why choose a psychoanalytically oriented psychiatrist? I believe that in a nonjudgmental atmosphere you will be able to explore why you are stuck in old patterns or feel unhappy in your life and relationships. I will help you gain insight so that you can feel freer, more confident, and happier.
(628) 216-7168 View (628) 216-7168
Photo of Chidinma Nwankwo, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Chidinma Nwankwo
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Chidinma Nwankwo is a skilled Family Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner based in Los Angeles, California. She holds a Doctor of Nursing Practice from Frontier Nursing University and a master’s in nursing with a Psychiatric Mental Health specialization from Walden University. With experience caring for children, adolescents, adults, and seniors, she provides compassionate, evidence-based mental health care.
Chidinma Nwankwo is a skilled Family Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner based in Los Angeles, California. She holds a Doctor of Nursing Practice from Frontier Nursing University and a master’s in nursing with a Psychiatric Mental Health specialization from Walden University. With experience caring for children, adolescents, adults, and seniors, she provides compassionate, evidence-based mental health care.
(510) 726-0248 View (510) 726-0248
Photo of Anthony Picco, Psychiatrist, DO
Anthony Picco
Psychiatrist, DO
San Francisco, CA 94104
I am a general adult psychiatrist who values working collaboratively with patients to help meet their needs. This may include psychotherapy, medication management, or a combination of both. My style of psychotherapy is derived from principles of supportive therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy. I treat a variety of issues, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, OCD, psychosis, trauma, identity concerns, and relational issues. As a gay man, I also have a special interest in working with the LGBTQ+ population.
I am a general adult psychiatrist who values working collaboratively with patients to help meet their needs. This may include psychotherapy, medication management, or a combination of both. My style of psychotherapy is derived from principles of supportive therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy. I treat a variety of issues, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, OCD, psychosis, trauma, identity concerns, and relational issues. As a gay man, I also have a special interest in working with the LGBTQ+ population.
(415) 488-8205 View (415) 488-8205
Photo of Steve Park, Physician Assistant, PA-C
Steve Park
Physician Assistant, PA-C
San Francisco, CA 94111
Steve Park is an advanced-certified psychiatric physician assistant specializing in anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, sleep and panic disorders, addiction, schizophrenia, grief, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), psychosis, trauma/post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), hoarding disorder, and gender-related concerns. He provides culturally sensitive, mindfulness-based, and person-centered care.
Steve Park is an advanced-certified psychiatric physician assistant specializing in anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, sleep and panic disorders, addiction, schizophrenia, grief, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), psychosis, trauma/post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), hoarding disorder, and gender-related concerns. He provides culturally sensitive, mindfulness-based, and person-centered care.
(619) 853-2640 View (619) 853-2640
Photo of Jamie Plaxco, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, NP, PMHNP
Jamie Plaxco
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, NP, PMHNP
San Francisco, CA 94104
Hi, I'm Jamie Plaxco of Mental Health Practitioners, with a passion for helping individuals find healing and balance in their mental health journey. I earned my Master of Science in Nursing from Vanderbilt University, graduating summa cum laude, and have dedicated my career to providing compassionate, evidence-based psychiatric care. My areas of expertise include treating OCD, eating disorders, depression, PTSD, and substance use disorders. This breadth of experience has taught me to meet people where they are and tailor treatment to their unique needs.
Hi, I'm Jamie Plaxco of Mental Health Practitioners, with a passion for helping individuals find healing and balance in their mental health journey. I earned my Master of Science in Nursing from Vanderbilt University, graduating summa cum laude, and have dedicated my career to providing compassionate, evidence-based psychiatric care. My areas of expertise include treating OCD, eating disorders, depression, PTSD, and substance use disorders. This breadth of experience has taught me to meet people where they are and tailor treatment to their unique needs.
(415) 968-6515 View (415) 968-6515
Photo of Dr. Vikas Kodali, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Vikas Kodali
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Dr. Kodali is an adult psychiatrist who completed his psychiatry residency training at Trinity Health Hospital in Livonia, MI, where he was selected to be chief resident. Prior to this, he received his undergraduate bachelor’s degree in Neurology and Anthropology from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD and received his medical degree from Wayne State University in Detroit, MI. He completed the psychodynamic psychotherapy fellowship from the Michigan Psychoanalytic Institute and is adept at incorporating psychotherapy principles in all patient care encounters.
Dr. Kodali is an adult psychiatrist who completed his psychiatry residency training at Trinity Health Hospital in Livonia, MI, where he was selected to be chief resident. Prior to this, he received his undergraduate bachelor’s degree in Neurology and Anthropology from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD and received his medical degree from Wayne State University in Detroit, MI. He completed the psychodynamic psychotherapy fellowship from the Michigan Psychoanalytic Institute and is adept at incorporating psychotherapy principles in all patient care encounters.
(833) 749-5700 View (833) 749-5700
Photo of Jamie Plaxco, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, NP, PMHNP
Jamie Plaxco
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, NP, PMHNP
San Francisco, CA 94104
I'm Jamie of Mental Health Practitioners, passionate about providing integrated care for complex mental health challenges. My expertise includes autism spectrum disorders, OCD, personality disorders, PTSD and trauma, schizophrenia and psychosis disorders, substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, panic disorders, mood disorders, and bipolar conditions. My practice recognizes that mental health conditions are interconnected in ways requiring specialized understanding. What you can expect is a therapeutic relationship built on respect and collaboration.
I'm Jamie of Mental Health Practitioners, passionate about providing integrated care for complex mental health challenges. My expertise includes autism spectrum disorders, OCD, personality disorders, PTSD and trauma, schizophrenia and psychosis disorders, substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, panic disorders, mood disorders, and bipolar conditions. My practice recognizes that mental health conditions are interconnected in ways requiring specialized understanding. What you can expect is a therapeutic relationship built on respect and collaboration.
(415) 968-6515 View (415) 968-6515
Photo of Dr. Iris Guerrero Urena, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Iris Guerrero Urena
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Dr. Iris Guerrero Urena is double board-certified in psychiatry and consultation-liaison psychiatry. She received her medical degree from Universidad Iberoamericana in Dominican Republic and went on to complete psychiatric residency at Lincoln Hospital in New York City. Dr. Guerrero then completed a consultation liaison fellowship at Morningside and West Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, further acquiring proficiency in caring for patients with complex medical and psychiatric comorbidities.
Dr. Iris Guerrero Urena is double board-certified in psychiatry and consultation-liaison psychiatry. She received her medical degree from Universidad Iberoamericana in Dominican Republic and went on to complete psychiatric residency at Lincoln Hospital in New York City. Dr. Guerrero then completed a consultation liaison fellowship at Morningside and West Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, further acquiring proficiency in caring for patients with complex medical and psychiatric comorbidities.
(929) 695-5267 View (929) 695-5267
Photo of Julie Miller, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Julie Miller
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Julie Miller is a dual board-certified professional, recognized for her expertise as both a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) and a Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP-BC and FNP-C). Throughout her career, she has made a profound impact on diverse populations across various healthcare settings. With compassion and skill, Julie guides individuals through the complexities of mental health challenges, delivering personalized treatment that truly resonates.
Julie Miller is a dual board-certified professional, recognized for her expertise as both a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) and a Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP-BC and FNP-C). Throughout her career, she has made a profound impact on diverse populations across various healthcare settings. With compassion and skill, Julie guides individuals through the complexities of mental health challenges, delivering personalized treatment that truly resonates.
(657) 571-4216 View (657) 571-4216
Photo of Nikhil Majumdar - Mindful Health Solutions - Nikhil Majumdar, MD, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Majumdar is board-certified in general psychiatry as well as in addiction medicine and believes in holistic treatment. He creates personalized treatment plans with each patient, drawing on his expertise and their life experience to help them improve their mental, physical, and social health. He considers Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to be at the forefront of neurological and psychiatric treatment. He looks forward to watching TMS grow in its ability to treat other conditions as other areas of the brain are carefully mapped.
Dr. Majumdar is board-certified in general psychiatry as well as in addiction medicine and believes in holistic treatment. He creates personalized treatment plans with each patient, drawing on his expertise and their life experience to help them improve their mental, physical, and social health. He considers Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to be at the forefront of neurological and psychiatric treatment. He looks forward to watching TMS grow in its ability to treat other conditions as other areas of the brain are carefully mapped.
(844) 405-4439 View (844) 405-4439
Photo of Jack Mkroyan, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN
Jack Mkroyan
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Struggling with ADHD, anxiety, depression, or mood disorders? I am a board-certified psychiatric NP specializing in personalized treatment that goes beyond medication to truly address root causes. Rushed visits often miss the full picture. I've personally helped many thousands of patients successfully find lasting relief when past care left them with prescriptions but no real answers. Want to fully overcome your symptoms that are holding you back from a better life? ⇒ Appointments typically available within 4 days.
Struggling with ADHD, anxiety, depression, or mood disorders? I am a board-certified psychiatric NP specializing in personalized treatment that goes beyond medication to truly address root causes. Rushed visits often miss the full picture. I've personally helped many thousands of patients successfully find lasting relief when past care left them with prescriptions but no real answers. Want to fully overcome your symptoms that are holding you back from a better life? ⇒ Appointments typically available within 4 days.
(341) 444-3304 View (341) 444-3304
Photo of Madeline Jacobs, Psychiatrist, PhD
Madeline Jacobs
Psychiatrist, PhD
San Francisco, CA 94117
I completed my General Psychiatry training at Hartford Hospital/Institute of Living in Hartford, CT. My Psychiatry training was very special. I trained at one of the oldest Psychiatric Institutions in the country. This allowed me to be trained in both psychotherapy and biological (medication) aspects of psychiatric interventions. I feel I got the best of both worlds. Psychiatric medications are only one piece of the treatment puzzle, often people need other care, like psychotherapy to help resolve symptoms.
I completed my General Psychiatry training at Hartford Hospital/Institute of Living in Hartford, CT. My Psychiatry training was very special. I trained at one of the oldest Psychiatric Institutions in the country. This allowed me to be trained in both psychotherapy and biological (medication) aspects of psychiatric interventions. I feel I got the best of both worlds. Psychiatric medications are only one piece of the treatment puzzle, often people need other care, like psychotherapy to help resolve symptoms.
(628) 259-8442 View (628) 259-8442
Photo of Neha Nayyar - Neha Nayyar, MD | Mindful Health Solutions , Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Nayyar is a Board-Certified Psychiatrist who prides herself on being compassionate, empathetic, supportive, and communicative, making sure to always consider the best interest of the patient. Her philosophy brought her to Mindful Health Solutions since for our patient-first care model. Determined to help each patient find what works best for them, she offers in-person and telehealth appointments. Her specialties include: Medication Management, Psychotherapy, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy (TMS).
Dr. Nayyar is a Board-Certified Psychiatrist who prides herself on being compassionate, empathetic, supportive, and communicative, making sure to always consider the best interest of the patient. Her philosophy brought her to Mindful Health Solutions since for our patient-first care model. Determined to help each patient find what works best for them, she offers in-person and telehealth appointments. Her specialties include: Medication Management, Psychotherapy, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy (TMS).
(650) 686-5706 View (650) 686-5706
Dr. Laura Obler
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Dr. Laura Obler is board-certified in adult psychiatry. She received her medical degree from the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA in Los Angeles, California, where she stayed to complete her psychiatry residency at the UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience. During residency she received specialized training in reproductive psychiatry (the treatment of women who are considering pregnancy or are pregnant or postpartum) and acted as Chief Resident of the Women’s Life Center at UCLA. She has previously worked in community clinics in the greater Los Angeles area and as a staff psychiatrist at UCLA.
Dr. Laura Obler is board-certified in adult psychiatry. She received her medical degree from the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA in Los Angeles, California, where she stayed to complete her psychiatry residency at the UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience. During residency she received specialized training in reproductive psychiatry (the treatment of women who are considering pregnancy or are pregnant or postpartum) and acted as Chief Resident of the Women’s Life Center at UCLA. She has previously worked in community clinics in the greater Los Angeles area and as a staff psychiatrist at UCLA.
(415) 498-1137 View (415) 498-1137
Photo of Holly Shannon, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, IBCLC
Holly Shannon
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, IBCLC
San Francisco, CA 94104
Hi, I'm Holly of Mental Health Practitioners! My expertise includes ADHD, OCD, personality disorders, PTSD and trauma, schizophrenia and psychosis disorders, depression, anxiety, panic disorders, mood disorders, and bipolar conditions. My practice is built on understanding that mental health struggles are interconnected in ways requiring specialized knowledge.
Hi, I'm Holly of Mental Health Practitioners! My expertise includes ADHD, OCD, personality disorders, PTSD and trauma, schizophrenia and psychosis disorders, depression, anxiety, panic disorders, mood disorders, and bipolar conditions. My practice is built on understanding that mental health struggles are interconnected in ways requiring specialized knowledge.
(415) 968-6515 View (415) 968-6515
Photo of Dr. Maxwell Schauermann, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Maxwell Schauermann
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Dr. Maxwell Schauermann is a board certified psychiatrist and board-eligible addiction psychiatrist. He completed his medical school and residency training at Loma Linda University in sunny Southern California. He was recognized by his colleagues as Chief Resident of inpatient services for his leadership and problem-solving abilities. His passion for caring for people with substance use disorders led him to complete specialized training in Addiction Psychiatry at the University of Washington in 2024.
Dr. Maxwell Schauermann is a board certified psychiatrist and board-eligible addiction psychiatrist. He completed his medical school and residency training at Loma Linda University in sunny Southern California. He was recognized by his colleagues as Chief Resident of inpatient services for his leadership and problem-solving abilities. His passion for caring for people with substance use disorders led him to complete specialized training in Addiction Psychiatry at the University of Washington in 2024.
(415) 851-7429 View (415) 851-7429
Photo of Dr. Satveet Khela, Psychiatrist, DO
Dr. Satveet Khela
Psychiatrist, DO
Online Only
Dr. Satveet Khela is a board certified physician specializing in adult psychiatry. She has been practicing since 2021. n addition to focusing on medication management, Dr Khela's practice also prioritizes a whole person approach, incorporating aspects of nutrition, lifestyle, mindfulness, and supportive or brief cognitive behavioral therapy into the treatment plan. Occasionally, Dr. Khela may believe that additional therapy is also needed and ask that you see a separate therapist to provide the best outcome. Dr. Khela received her undergraduate degree from University of California Berkeley and her medical degree from A.T. Still.
Dr. Satveet Khela is a board certified physician specializing in adult psychiatry. She has been practicing since 2021. n addition to focusing on medication management, Dr Khela's practice also prioritizes a whole person approach, incorporating aspects of nutrition, lifestyle, mindfulness, and supportive or brief cognitive behavioral therapy into the treatment plan. Occasionally, Dr. Khela may believe that additional therapy is also needed and ask that you see a separate therapist to provide the best outcome. Dr. Khela received her undergraduate degree from University of California Berkeley and her medical degree from A.T. Still.
(415) 483-0487 View (415) 483-0487
Photo of Michael H Swetye - Michael Swetye, M.D., P.C., Psychiatrist, MD, MBA
Michael Swetye, M.D., P.C.
Psychiatrist, MD, MBA
San Francisco, CA 94118
I am a Yale and UCSF-trained psychiatrist with board certifications in Adult, Adolescent and Child Psychiatry. I work with adults (including young adults), couples, families, teens, and middle schoolers.
I am a Yale and UCSF-trained psychiatrist with board certifications in Adult, Adolescent and Child Psychiatry. I work with adults (including young adults), couples, families, teens, and middle schoolers.
(415) 969-5356 View (415) 969-5356

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Psychiatrist compare?

Number of Psychiatrists in San Francisco, CA

700+

Average cost per session

$216

Psychiatrists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
93% Depression
77% Medication Management
75% Trauma and PTSD
74% ADHD
72% Bipolar Disorder
67% Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
90% Cigna and Evernorth
75% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Psychiatrists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

60% Female
39% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Nurses

How can I find a psychiatrist in San Francisco?

The Psychology Today Directory enables users to search specifically for psychiatrists by selecting the provider type from the drop-down menu, and filtering results by city, zip code, or the psychiatrist's name. The search results feature detailed profiles that outline each professional's treatment approach, areas of expertise, credentials, fees, payment options, and accepted insurance. Results include both psychiatrists (MDs) and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), who hold advanced practice nursing degrees. Users can refine their search for a specific type of psychiatric provider using the "Provider Type" filter.

What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

Psychiatrists are medical specialists dedicated to understanding, diagnosing, and treating brain disorders and mental health conditions. As physicians, they are trained to identify the often subtle biological factors underlying mental disorders and to monitor how mental health treatments may impact other physical conditions, such as heart disease. Psychiatrists are licensed to prescribe medication and typically conduct shorter sessions that focus on medication management rather than intensive psychotherapy.

In contrast, psychologists are particularly attuned to the impact of early experiences on development, behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes. They often take a holistic approach to assessing and treating clients, considering aspects of personality and social functioning. Although psychologists cannot prescribe medication, they are frequently skilled in administering psychological tests—such as IQ tests, personality assessments, and behavioral evaluations—to assess an individual's functioning. Psychologists often engage in longer, more psychotherapy-focused sessions compared to psychiatrists.

What is a psychiatric nurse practitioner and what is the difference with a psychiatrist?

A psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP), also known as a mental health nurse practitioner or psychiatric nurse practitioner, is an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) who has completed advanced training in psychiatric care, earning at least a master’s degree in psychiatric nursing. To become Board-Certified (PMHNP-BC), psychiatric nurse practitioners must also pass a national exam that tests their clinical psychiatric knowledge.

Like psychiatrists, PMHNPs are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health conditions. However, PMHNPs and psychiatrists differ in their training experience. While PMHNPs can complete their credentialing requirements (full bachelor's and master's degree training) in as few as 6 years, psychiatrists often spend upwards of 12 years to complete their bachelor's, medical doctorate degree, and residency training requirements. Because of training differences, some states require PMHNPs to be supervised by or enter into a collaborative agreement with a physician in order to prescribe medication.

When deciding to work with a psychiatrist or PMHNP, clients should consider factors such therapeutic fit, cost, and availability. Psychiatrists may have more substantial training in treating more severe psychiatric conditions, as well as in providing more specialized treatment services, such as child psychiatry. However, psychiatrists may be inaccessible to some clients, as their cost and availability may be prohibitive. It can often be easier for clients to find a PMHNP with openings for new clients when compared to psychiatrists, and PMHNPs may also offer lower cost treatment options for clients looking to minimize out-of-pocket costs.

Can a psychiatrist or a PMHNP prescribe medication?

The Psychology Today directory features two primary types of psychiatric professionals: psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs). Both are generally authorized to prescribe psychiatric medications. In 28 states, PMHNPs have full practice authority, allowing them to provide the complete spectrum of psychiatric care, including independent medication prescribing and management. In other states, however, PMHNPs are required to work under the supervision or in collaboration with a physician to prescribe medication. Both psychiatrists and PMHNPs may also offer additional services, such as psychotherapy, counseling, and care coordination, for clients seeking psychiatric care.

Do psychiatrists or PMHNPs offer therapy?

Both psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) are generally trained in a number of treatment modalities, including traditional psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), pharmacotherapy, and, occasionally, various somatic therapies. Typically, psychiatrists and PMHNPs make a diagnosis and determine a course of treatment based on chemical or biological factors, using lab tests, brain scans and physical and psychological evaluations.

While psychotherapy may be used in the first session to aid in diagnosis, it is not typically utilized in subsequent visits. In fact, after the introductory session, most psychiatry sessions may only be 15-20 minutes in length and are largely focused on medication management; this is frequently the case for both psychiatrists and PMHNPs. However, medication providers who do not offer psychotherapy usually work collaboratively with psychologists and other mental health clinicians who do offer these services, and they can refer clients seeking more traditional psychotherapy services to their care.

How do I know if I need a psychiatrist, a PMHNP, or a therapist?

It is not always easy to know which type of mental health practitioner to choose. Many people are unaware of the root of their mental or behavioral problem and may be unaware of the differences in support provided by various mental health professionals. One way many people learn which type of care is best for them is by seeing their primary care provider (PCP) first. Depending on the nature and severity of the symptoms, the PCP may review their medical history and provide guidance or a referral to the appropriate type of provider.

A referral to a psychiatrist or PMHNP is most often made when a client is in need of psychiatric medication management or assessment. These professionals are specifically trained to prescribe psychiatric medications, when necessary, for a client; however, they generally do not provide supportive psychotherapy on an ongoing basis. A therapist or psychologist, in contrast, can provide supportive psychotherapy but is unable to prescribe medications. Because of their unique roles, some clients see both a medication prescriber (either a psychiatrist or PMHNP) and a therapist at the same time to address their psychiatric concerns holistically. Many psychiatrists and psychologists are very open to referring clients to other professionals if unable to meet the client's needs or if they think the client could use additional support from a different type of professional.

Do I need a referral to see a psychiatrist or a PMHNP?

A referral to a psychiatrist or psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) is often not required. However, consulting your primary care physician (PCP) first can be beneficial and may streamline the process of getting the care you need. Your PCP can help determine whether psychiatric care is necessary or if another type of mental health support might be more appropriate. Additionally, some insurance plans require a PCP referral to cover part or all of the costs associated with seeing a specialist. Obtaining a referral can also expedite the appointment process, particularly in areas with provider shortages or for clients seeking specialists in fields like child psychiatry.

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed professional?

Yes, all professionals listed in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory are licensed to provide mental health services in the state(s) where they practice. The directory includes a variety of providers such as psychiatrists, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), physician assistants, psychologists, social workers, and counselors. Each provider must hold a valid license issued by their state regulatory body to be listed. In addition, Psychology Today offers a verification process for certain providers, signified by a 'Verified' symbol next to their profile. This badge indicates that the provider’s primary credential or license has been independently verified by Psychology Today.