Psychiatrists in San Francisco, CA

Photo of Dr. Alexa Hall, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Alexa Hall
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Dr. Alexa Hall is a board-certified adult psychiatrist with extensive training and experience across inpatient, partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient, and outpatient psychiatry settings. She earned her medical degree from Saint Louis University School of Medicine and completed her psychiatry residency at Harvard South Shore. Through her clinical work with the Harvard Medical School system and the Boston VA Healthcare System, Dr. Hall developed expertise in caring for diverse patient populations.
Dr. Alexa Hall is a board-certified adult psychiatrist with extensive training and experience across inpatient, partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient, and outpatient psychiatry settings. She earned her medical degree from Saint Louis University School of Medicine and completed her psychiatry residency at Harvard South Shore. Through her clinical work with the Harvard Medical School system and the Boston VA Healthcare System, Dr. Hall developed expertise in caring for diverse patient populations.
(415) 805-9967 View (415) 805-9967
Photo of Sidney A Edsall, Psychiatrist, MD, DABMA
Sidney A Edsall
Psychiatrist, MD, DABMA
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Balancing the mental, emotional, physical and spiritual wellbeing of each of my clients in relationship to others and within community is essential for whole-being health and holistic healing. I work with individuals who are willing to take an active role in their health and recovery, to not just survive but to thrive in living more fully, reaching their goals and fullest potentials in life.
Balancing the mental, emotional, physical and spiritual wellbeing of each of my clients in relationship to others and within community is essential for whole-being health and holistic healing. I work with individuals who are willing to take an active role in their health and recovery, to not just survive but to thrive in living more fully, reaching their goals and fullest potentials in life.
(415) 903-1898 View (415) 903-1898
Photo of Kirsten Thompson - Remedy Psychiatry San Francisco, Psychiatrist, MD
Remedy Psychiatry San Francisco
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Are you struggling in your day to day? With Remedy, you can get unlimited online psychiatric appointments at an affordable price. We treat a wide range of mental health symptoms with a broad set of medications so you can live your best life. Our services include an in-depth mental health evaluation, diagnosis and ongoing medication management care. Treating adults, teens and children from the comfort of home or your comfort space over video - days, nights and weekends.
Are you struggling in your day to day? With Remedy, you can get unlimited online psychiatric appointments at an affordable price. We treat a wide range of mental health symptoms with a broad set of medications so you can live your best life. Our services include an in-depth mental health evaluation, diagnosis and ongoing medication management care. Treating adults, teens and children from the comfort of home or your comfort space over video - days, nights and weekends.
(310) 943-1267 View (310) 943-1267
Photo of Brooke Bearden, Physician Assistant
Brooke Bearden
Physician Assistant
San Francisco, CA 94117
Brooke is a nationally certified Physician Associate specializing in psychiatry with an integrative approach. This means integrating conventional psychiatric approaches while exploring how aspects such as nutrition, gut health, movement, mindfulness, and sleep are impacting how we feel. She strives to cultivate a trusted, non-judgmental space to offer individualized treatment plans. She also offers functional medicine testing to further tailor recommendations by evaluating gut health, nutritional status, HPA axis (cortisol) function, DUTCH hormone/organic acid testing, and pharmacogenomic testing.
Brooke is a nationally certified Physician Associate specializing in psychiatry with an integrative approach. This means integrating conventional psychiatric approaches while exploring how aspects such as nutrition, gut health, movement, mindfulness, and sleep are impacting how we feel. She strives to cultivate a trusted, non-judgmental space to offer individualized treatment plans. She also offers functional medicine testing to further tailor recommendations by evaluating gut health, nutritional status, HPA axis (cortisol) function, DUTCH hormone/organic acid testing, and pharmacogenomic testing.
(415) 862-7764 View (415) 862-7764
Photo of Samantha Scherzinger, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
Samantha Scherzinger
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
San Francisco, CA 94117
Samantha Scherzinger is a board-certified family psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner. Samantha has a broad range of experience working with patients from diverse backgrounds across the lifespan. She has worked in community mental health settings as well as John Hopkins Medical Center. Samantha focuses on empowering her patients to achieve their optimal level of health and quality of life.
Samantha Scherzinger is a board-certified family psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner. Samantha has a broad range of experience working with patients from diverse backgrounds across the lifespan. She has worked in community mental health settings as well as John Hopkins Medical Center. Samantha focuses on empowering her patients to achieve their optimal level of health and quality of life.
(628) 444-4882 View (628) 444-4882
Photo of Nadia Taylor, Psychiatrist, MD, MS
Nadia Taylor
Psychiatrist, MD, MS
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
I am a UCSF-trained, board-certified psychiatrist with over a decade of experience treating the full spectrum of mental and emotional struggles, with a holistic approach that draws from conventional psychiatry as well as integrative and functional medicine. I strive to deeply understand your lived experience, while also exploring underlying physiological factors that may be contributing to your distress. I offer in-depth evaluations that include laboratory testing to uncover root causes, and highly individualized treatment to bring relief and restore balance.
I am a UCSF-trained, board-certified psychiatrist with over a decade of experience treating the full spectrum of mental and emotional struggles, with a holistic approach that draws from conventional psychiatry as well as integrative and functional medicine. I strive to deeply understand your lived experience, while also exploring underlying physiological factors that may be contributing to your distress. I offer in-depth evaluations that include laboratory testing to uncover root causes, and highly individualized treatment to bring relief and restore balance.
(628) 257-8842 View (628) 257-8842
Noreen Rana
Psychiatrist, MD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a board certified psychiatrist with a special interest in austere natural treatment. Working together, we can collaborate on identifying your mental health needs and goals. We can explore science-backed treatments and techniques to help you develop the holistic wellness plan that is right for you, selecting from evidence-based pharmaceutical and integrative medications in conjunction with neuromodulatory lifestyle optimization of diet, activity, sleep, and mindfulness practices to empower you in your mental health care.
I am a board certified psychiatrist with a special interest in austere natural treatment. Working together, we can collaborate on identifying your mental health needs and goals. We can explore science-backed treatments and techniques to help you develop the holistic wellness plan that is right for you, selecting from evidence-based pharmaceutical and integrative medications in conjunction with neuromodulatory lifestyle optimization of diet, activity, sleep, and mindfulness practices to empower you in your mental health care.
(415) 612-8492 View (415) 612-8492
Photo of Dr. Jacob Moulds, Psychiatrist, DO
Dr. Jacob Moulds
Psychiatrist, DO
Online Only
Dr. Jacob Moulds learned to expand his focus beyond the pathology and take account of the entire experience of the patient in his treatment, including family, environment, and life experiences.
Dr. Jacob Moulds learned to expand his focus beyond the pathology and take account of the entire experience of the patient in his treatment, including family, environment, and life experiences.
(855) 743-2006 View (855) 743-2006
Photo of Starr Fox, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP-, BC
Starr Fox
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP-, BC
Online Only
Hello, I look forward to meeting you! My name is Starr and I'm a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner In the state of California, I specialize in adhd, anxiety, depression, insomnia and sleep issues, bipolar, life transitions, obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd), post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) / trauma. I work with an amazing group of colleagues at Lavender, an online psychiatry and therapy office, where we believe psychiatric care shouldn't be expensive nor impossible to access.
Hello, I look forward to meeting you! My name is Starr and I'm a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner In the state of California, I specialize in adhd, anxiety, depression, insomnia and sleep issues, bipolar, life transitions, obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd), post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) / trauma. I work with an amazing group of colleagues at Lavender, an online psychiatry and therapy office, where we believe psychiatric care shouldn't be expensive nor impossible to access.
(415) 965-4518 View (415) 965-4518
Photo of Dr. Lisa Ekeanyanwu, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Lisa Ekeanyanwu
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Lisa Ekeanyanwu, MD is a board eligible Psychiatrist. She completed her psychiatry residency training at Stanford. She has experience providing patients with compassionate psychiatric care. Dr. Ekeanyanwu's practice centers on pharmacotherapy. She offers this in conjunction with supportive therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy, to treat several types of psychiatric conditions. Occasionally she may believe that additional therapy is also needed and ask that you bring a therapist into your care team to provide the best outcome.
Lisa Ekeanyanwu, MD is a board eligible Psychiatrist. She completed her psychiatry residency training at Stanford. She has experience providing patients with compassionate psychiatric care. Dr. Ekeanyanwu's practice centers on pharmacotherapy. She offers this in conjunction with supportive therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy, to treat several types of psychiatric conditions. Occasionally she may believe that additional therapy is also needed and ask that you bring a therapist into your care team to provide the best outcome.
(415) 966-0668 View (415) 966-0668
Photo of Stanley Arnold Terman - Living Wills for Dementia / Stanley Terman, Psychiatrist, PhD, MD
Stanley Terman's career focuses on empowering people to make informed decisions so they can successfully meet challenges in their lives with more pleasure, less suffering, and improved relationships. He helps couples and families in several ways. These include reducing the suffering of terminally ill patients and their loved ones, especially if they face huge challenges of Advanced Dementia and desire an "Ironclad Strategy" to compel others to honor their end-of-life wishes. In collaboration with clinicians, bioethicists, chaplains, and attorneys, he founded a non-profit organization, wrote three books, and created the patient decision aid, "My Way Cards."
Stanley Terman's career focuses on empowering people to make informed decisions so they can successfully meet challenges in their lives with more pleasure, less suffering, and improved relationships. He helps couples and families in several ways. These include reducing the suffering of terminally ill patients and their loved ones, especially if they face huge challenges of Advanced Dementia and desire an "Ironclad Strategy" to compel others to honor their end-of-life wishes. In collaboration with clinicians, bioethicists, chaplains, and attorneys, he founded a non-profit organization, wrote three books, and created the patient decision aid, "My Way Cards."
(415) 941-3483 View (415) 941-3483
Photo of Diane Kim, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Diane Kim
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
I am a Psychiatric nurse practitioner who leads with psychotherapy and uses medication thoughtfully as one tool among many. My approach is insight-oriented at its core, helping clients explore the longstanding patterns that shape their relationships, work, and sense of self. I work holistically and integratively, blending psychodynamic and psychoanalytic depth with mindfulness, ACT, CBT, somatic and embodied practices, coaching elements, and emphasis on wellness interventions (ie, sleep, nutrition, exercise, meditation, and spiritual practices).
I am a Psychiatric nurse practitioner who leads with psychotherapy and uses medication thoughtfully as one tool among many. My approach is insight-oriented at its core, helping clients explore the longstanding patterns that shape their relationships, work, and sense of self. I work holistically and integratively, blending psychodynamic and psychoanalytic depth with mindfulness, ACT, CBT, somatic and embodied practices, coaching elements, and emphasis on wellness interventions (ie, sleep, nutrition, exercise, meditation, and spiritual practices).
(415) 612-3670 View (415) 612-3670
Photo of Stephanie Michael Stewart, Psychiatrist, MD
Stephanie Michael Stewart
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
As a holistic, integrative psychiatrist, I believe healing is both collaborative and deeply personal. Together, we’ll uncover the path that aligns with your unique needs, values, and aspirations. Whether you seek clarity, growth, or relief. I’m here to support and guide you every step of the way. Your journey is important, and I’m honored to walk alongside you toward meaningful transformation and well-being.
As a holistic, integrative psychiatrist, I believe healing is both collaborative and deeply personal. Together, we’ll uncover the path that aligns with your unique needs, values, and aspirations. Whether you seek clarity, growth, or relief. I’m here to support and guide you every step of the way. Your journey is important, and I’m honored to walk alongside you toward meaningful transformation and well-being.
(415) 301-3519 View (415) 301-3519
Photo of Dr. Cheryl Person, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Cheryl Person
Psychiatrist, MD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Dr. Cheryl Person is the National Director of Clinical Quality at Talkiatry. She is board certified in general adult psychiatry and has been in practice for 20 years. Dr. Person focuses on medication management but believes that is only part of successful treatment. She will spend her time providing motivational interviewing or supportive therapy, and believes it is often critical to have a therapist as part of the treatment team. Dr. Person received her medical degree from Tulane University School of Medicine. She completed her residency at Johns Hopkins as well as a psychiatric epidemiology fellowship.
Dr. Cheryl Person is the National Director of Clinical Quality at Talkiatry. She is board certified in general adult psychiatry and has been in practice for 20 years. Dr. Person focuses on medication management but believes that is only part of successful treatment. She will spend her time providing motivational interviewing or supportive therapy, and believes it is often critical to have a therapist as part of the treatment team. Dr. Person received her medical degree from Tulane University School of Medicine. She completed her residency at Johns Hopkins as well as a psychiatric epidemiology fellowship.
(415) 849-7678 View (415) 849-7678
Photo of James Lake, Psychiatrist, MD
James Lake
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
I am a Board-certified adult psychiatrist with over 25 years of clinical experience. After obtaining a BA in Human Biology at Stanford my first career was in high-tech consulting in Silicon Valley. I then attended medical school at U.C. Irvine and completed residency training at Stanford. I have served as a clinical assistant professor at Stanford, and am currently an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at University of Arizona College of Medicine. I am also an Adjunct Fellow at the National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University.
I am a Board-certified adult psychiatrist with over 25 years of clinical experience. After obtaining a BA in Human Biology at Stanford my first career was in high-tech consulting in Silicon Valley. I then attended medical school at U.C. Irvine and completed residency training at Stanford. I have served as a clinical assistant professor at Stanford, and am currently an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at University of Arizona College of Medicine. I am also an Adjunct Fellow at the National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University.
(628) 244-8389 x1 View (628) 244-8389 x1
Photo of Dr. Ryan Blum, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Ryan Blum
Psychiatrist, MD
San Francisco, CA 94102
Ryan Blum, M.D. is a psychiatrist who works with adults of all ages in medication management and psychotherapy. He graduated from Harvard College and Yale School of Medicine and completed adult psychiatry residency at Yale in 2016. He has worked in a variety of public and private settings and taught students and residents at Yale, UCSF, and OHSU in Portland, Oregon where he currently lives and practices full time. He believes that good psychiatry involves building understanding in depth of who you are and how you developed into this person.
Ryan Blum, M.D. is a psychiatrist who works with adults of all ages in medication management and psychotherapy. He graduated from Harvard College and Yale School of Medicine and completed adult psychiatry residency at Yale in 2016. He has worked in a variety of public and private settings and taught students and residents at Yale, UCSF, and OHSU in Portland, Oregon where he currently lives and practices full time. He believes that good psychiatry involves building understanding in depth of who you are and how you developed into this person.
(628) 277-5646 View (628) 277-5646
Photo of Janet Sharma, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Janet Sharma
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Online Only
Hello, I look forward to meeting you! My name is Janet and I'm a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner In the state of California, I specialize in maternal mental health / pre / postpartum, anxiety, depressions, ADHD, bipolar disorder, insomnia & sleep issues, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), college & graduate student mental health, life transitions, loss, grief & bereavement, and stress management. I work with an amazing group of colleagues at Lavender, an online psychiatry and therapy office, where we believe psychiatric care shouldn't be expensive nor impossible to access.
Hello, I look forward to meeting you! My name is Janet and I'm a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner In the state of California, I specialize in maternal mental health / pre / postpartum, anxiety, depressions, ADHD, bipolar disorder, insomnia & sleep issues, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), college & graduate student mental health, life transitions, loss, grief & bereavement, and stress management. I work with an amazing group of colleagues at Lavender, an online psychiatry and therapy office, where we believe psychiatric care shouldn't be expensive nor impossible to access.
(415) 329-6747 View (415) 329-6747
Photo of Ken Wong, Psychiatrist, MD
Ken Wong
Psychiatrist, MD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Dr. Wong graduated with highest honors from UC Berkeley, where he was named valedictorian of the Cell and Developmental Biology emphasis. After earning his medical degree from the UC San Diego School of Medicine on a merit scholarship, he pursued subspecialty training in psychiatry at Loma Linda University, where he ranked in the 99th percentile nationwide on the annual in-training exam.
Dr. Wong graduated with highest honors from UC Berkeley, where he was named valedictorian of the Cell and Developmental Biology emphasis. After earning his medical degree from the UC San Diego School of Medicine on a merit scholarship, he pursued subspecialty training in psychiatry at Loma Linda University, where he ranked in the 99th percentile nationwide on the annual in-training exam.
(415) 234-5747 View (415) 234-5747
Dr. Thomas Mullenix
Psychiatrist, PMHNP
Online Only
Dr. Mullenix is a board-certified adult psychiatrist who strives to form strong therapeutic and collaborative environments with patients and values patient empowerment. Dr. Mullenix received his medical degree from the Chicago Medical School and then went on to complete his residency in psychiatry at Advocate Lutheran General Hospital. His interests and expertise are in helping patients struggling with depression, anxiety including social/obsessive compulsive and generalized anxiety disorders and ADHD. He provides psychiatric medication management along with supportive, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and other modalities.
Dr. Mullenix is a board-certified adult psychiatrist who strives to form strong therapeutic and collaborative environments with patients and values patient empowerment. Dr. Mullenix received his medical degree from the Chicago Medical School and then went on to complete his residency in psychiatry at Advocate Lutheran General Hospital. His interests and expertise are in helping patients struggling with depression, anxiety including social/obsessive compulsive and generalized anxiety disorders and ADHD. He provides psychiatric medication management along with supportive, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and other modalities.
(510) 323-9609 View (510) 323-9609
Photo of Michael Nguyen, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, RN, PMHNP
Michael Nguyen
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, RN, PMHNP
San Francisco, CA 94104
My ideal client struggles with treatment-resistant depression, anxiety, PTSD, or ADHD and feels defeated by approaches that haven't worked. They're exhausted from medications that left them disconnected. What they want is profound: to feel like themselves again. To wake without dread, connect meaningfully with loved ones, and focus on what matters. They seek genuine healing, not symptom management. They're ready to participate in recovery, understanding that healing isn't linear. They're open to innovative treatments and value collaborative care from a provider who sees them wholly. Ready to reclaim their life.
My ideal client struggles with treatment-resistant depression, anxiety, PTSD, or ADHD and feels defeated by approaches that haven't worked. They're exhausted from medications that left them disconnected. What they want is profound: to feel like themselves again. To wake without dread, connect meaningfully with loved ones, and focus on what matters. They seek genuine healing, not symptom management. They're ready to participate in recovery, understanding that healing isn't linear. They're open to innovative treatments and value collaborative care from a provider who sees them wholly. Ready to reclaim their life.
(415) 968-6515 View (415) 968-6515

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Psychiatrist compare?

Number of Psychiatrists in San Francisco, CA

700+

Average cost per session

$243

Psychiatrists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
93% Depression
72% ADHD
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Bipolar Disorder
72% Medication Management
65% Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
90% Cigna and Evernorth
70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Psychiatrists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% Online Only
45% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

62% Female
37% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Nurses

How can I find a psychiatrist in San Francisco?

The Psychology Today Directory enables users to search specifically for psychiatrists by selecting the provider type from the drop-down menu, and filtering results by city, zip code, or the psychiatrist's name. The search results feature detailed profiles that outline each professional's treatment approach, areas of expertise, credentials, fees, payment options, and accepted insurance. Results include both psychiatrists (MDs) and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), who hold advanced practice nursing degrees. Users can refine their search for a specific type of psychiatric provider using the "Provider Type" filter.

What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

Psychiatrists are medical specialists dedicated to understanding, diagnosing, and treating brain disorders and mental health conditions. As physicians, they are trained to identify the often subtle biological factors underlying mental disorders and to monitor how mental health treatments may impact other physical conditions, such as heart disease. Psychiatrists are licensed to prescribe medication and typically conduct shorter sessions that focus on medication management rather than intensive psychotherapy.

In contrast, psychologists are particularly attuned to the impact of early experiences on development, behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes. They often take a holistic approach to assessing and treating clients, considering aspects of personality and social functioning. Although psychologists cannot prescribe medication, they are frequently skilled in administering psychological tests—such as IQ tests, personality assessments, and behavioral evaluations—to assess an individual's functioning. Psychologists often engage in longer, more psychotherapy-focused sessions compared to psychiatrists.

What is a psychiatric nurse practitioner and what is the difference with a psychiatrist?

A psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP), also known as a mental health nurse practitioner or psychiatric nurse practitioner, is an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) who has completed advanced training in psychiatric care, earning at least a master’s degree in psychiatric nursing. To become Board-Certified (PMHNP-BC), psychiatric nurse practitioners must also pass a national exam that tests their clinical psychiatric knowledge.

Like psychiatrists, PMHNPs are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health conditions. However, PMHNPs and psychiatrists differ in their training experience. While PMHNPs can complete their credentialing requirements (full bachelor's and master's degree training) in as few as 6 years, psychiatrists often spend upwards of 12 years to complete their bachelor's, medical doctorate degree, and residency training requirements. Because of training differences, some states require PMHNPs to be supervised by or enter into a collaborative agreement with a physician in order to prescribe medication.

When deciding to work with a psychiatrist or PMHNP, clients should consider factors such therapeutic fit, cost, and availability. Psychiatrists may have more substantial training in treating more severe psychiatric conditions, as well as in providing more specialized treatment services, such as child psychiatry. However, psychiatrists may be inaccessible to some clients, as their cost and availability may be prohibitive. It can often be easier for clients to find a PMHNP with openings for new clients when compared to psychiatrists, and PMHNPs may also offer lower cost treatment options for clients looking to minimize out-of-pocket costs.

Can a psychiatrist or a PMHNP prescribe medication?

The Psychology Today directory features two primary types of psychiatric professionals: psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs). Both are generally authorized to prescribe psychiatric medications. In 28 states, PMHNPs have full practice authority, allowing them to provide the complete spectrum of psychiatric care, including independent medication prescribing and management. In other states, however, PMHNPs are required to work under the supervision or in collaboration with a physician to prescribe medication. Both psychiatrists and PMHNPs may also offer additional services, such as psychotherapy, counseling, and care coordination, for clients seeking psychiatric care.

Do psychiatrists or PMHNPs offer therapy?

Both psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) are generally trained in a number of treatment modalities, including traditional psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), pharmacotherapy, and, occasionally, various somatic therapies. Typically, psychiatrists and PMHNPs make a diagnosis and determine a course of treatment based on chemical or biological factors, using lab tests, brain scans and physical and psychological evaluations.

While psychotherapy may be used in the first session to aid in diagnosis, it is not typically utilized in subsequent visits. In fact, after the introductory session, most psychiatry sessions may only be 15-20 minutes in length and are largely focused on medication management; this is frequently the case for both psychiatrists and PMHNPs. However, medication providers who do not offer psychotherapy usually work collaboratively with psychologists and other mental health clinicians who do offer these services, and they can refer clients seeking more traditional psychotherapy services to their care.

How do I know if I need a psychiatrist, a PMHNP, or a therapist?

It is not always easy to know which type of mental health practitioner to choose. Many people are unaware of the root of their mental or behavioral problem and may be unaware of the differences in support provided by various mental health professionals. One way many people learn which type of care is best for them is by seeing their primary care provider (PCP) first. Depending on the nature and severity of the symptoms, the PCP may review their medical history and provide guidance or a referral to the appropriate type of provider.

A referral to a psychiatrist or PMHNP is most often made when a client is in need of psychiatric medication management or assessment. These professionals are specifically trained to prescribe psychiatric medications, when necessary, for a client; however, they generally do not provide supportive psychotherapy on an ongoing basis. A therapist or psychologist, in contrast, can provide supportive psychotherapy but is unable to prescribe medications. Because of their unique roles, some clients see both a medication prescriber (either a psychiatrist or PMHNP) and a therapist at the same time to address their psychiatric concerns holistically. Many psychiatrists and psychologists are very open to referring clients to other professionals if unable to meet the client's needs or if they think the client could use additional support from a different type of professional.

Do I need a referral to see a psychiatrist or a PMHNP?

A referral to a psychiatrist or psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) is often not required. However, consulting your primary care physician (PCP) first can be beneficial and may streamline the process of getting the care you need. Your PCP can help determine whether psychiatric care is necessary or if another type of mental health support might be more appropriate. Additionally, some insurance plans require a PCP referral to cover part or all of the costs associated with seeing a specialist. Obtaining a referral can also expedite the appointment process, particularly in areas with provider shortages or for clients seeking specialists in fields like child psychiatry.

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed professional?

Yes, all professionals listed in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory are licensed to provide mental health services in the state(s) where they practice. The directory includes a variety of providers such as psychiatrists, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), physician assistants, psychologists, social workers, and counselors. Each provider must hold a valid license issued by their state regulatory body to be listed. In addition, Psychology Today offers a verification process for certain providers, signified by a 'Verified' symbol next to their profile. This badge indicates that the provider’s primary credential or license has been independently verified by Psychology Today.