Therapists in San Diego, CA

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Photo of Shannon Jones Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
Shannon Jones Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, AT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92104  (Online Only)
Are you feeling lost? Stuck? Like there isn't solid ground under your feet? If you’ve made it here, I believe you have already started your journey towards personal growth. If you're looking for clarity, acceptance, and well-being, I'm here to help. As a trauma-informed therapist, I utilize a holistic and humanistic approach that incorporates mindfulness, somatic therapy, and art therapy.
Are you feeling lost? Stuck? Like there isn't solid ground under your feet? If you’ve made it here, I believe you have already started your journey towards personal growth. If you're looking for clarity, acceptance, and well-being, I'm here to help. As a trauma-informed therapist, I utilize a holistic and humanistic approach that incorporates mindfulness, somatic therapy, and art therapy.
(858) 257-0319 View (858) 257-0319
Photo of Tonia Ferguson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
Tonia Ferguson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFT, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
If you’ve stumbled across this ad, you must be in need of some support. I am passionate about helping people work through life experiences that increase depression, anxiety, addiction, self-harm and suicidal thoughts. My focus is to decrease the symptoms that are impacting the quality of your life and improve your relationship with yourself and others. During my life, I have lived through many experiences that caused severe emotional distress. I tried, unsuccessfully, to manage the impact mental health symptoms had over my life that felt out of control. Something needed to change.
If you’ve stumbled across this ad, you must be in need of some support. I am passionate about helping people work through life experiences that increase depression, anxiety, addiction, self-harm and suicidal thoughts. My focus is to decrease the symptoms that are impacting the quality of your life and improve your relationship with yourself and others. During my life, I have lived through many experiences that caused severe emotional distress. I tried, unsuccessfully, to manage the impact mental health symptoms had over my life that felt out of control. Something needed to change.
(619) 566-7710 View (619) 566-7710
Photo of Scripps Marriage Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Scripps Marriage Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92131
Marriage therapy is the primary focus of my practice. With over 20 years of practice experience and two decades of marriage and family life, I able to provide couples with a variety of strategies and interventions. My approach to therapy is very user friendly, as I talk with clients in very clear, understandable terms and provide practice tools that can be used upon completion of the initial session. Contact my office today to begin enhancing your life through a better relationship.
Marriage therapy is the primary focus of my practice. With over 20 years of practice experience and two decades of marriage and family life, I able to provide couples with a variety of strategies and interventions. My approach to therapy is very user friendly, as I talk with clients in very clear, understandable terms and provide practice tools that can be used upon completion of the initial session. Contact my office today to begin enhancing your life through a better relationship.
(619) 954-1329 View (619) 954-1329
Photo of Jessica Holzer, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Jessica Holzer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92131
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and a Registered Play Therapist that supports children of all ages, teens, adults, and couples and individuals struggling with parenting. There are times in our lives where we recognize we need to nurture our growth, can feel disconnected to each other or our goals, or simply need some support. I am here to help you, your family, and your children with a challenge that might feel too big to manage on your own. I also offer clinical supervision for those therapists accruing hours towards licensure.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and a Registered Play Therapist that supports children of all ages, teens, adults, and couples and individuals struggling with parenting. There are times in our lives where we recognize we need to nurture our growth, can feel disconnected to each other or our goals, or simply need some support. I am here to help you, your family, and your children with a challenge that might feel too big to manage on your own. I also offer clinical supervision for those therapists accruing hours towards licensure.
(858) 302-4254 View (858) 302-4254
Photo of Gregory E. Koch, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Gregory E. Koch
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
My goal is for you to feel seen, heard, and valued. Believing deeply in the power of positive human connection, we can learn the most about ourselves in the context of meaningful relationships. Conflict in romantic relationships is an opportunity for profound and powerful growth, learning, and healing. I welcome clients of all genders, sexualities, and relationship diversity. Using Imago Relationship Therapy, couples learn invaluable tools and techniques to enhance closeness in relationships and teach partners how to resolve conflicts while maintaining a deep sense of connection.
My goal is for you to feel seen, heard, and valued. Believing deeply in the power of positive human connection, we can learn the most about ourselves in the context of meaningful relationships. Conflict in romantic relationships is an opportunity for profound and powerful growth, learning, and healing. I welcome clients of all genders, sexualities, and relationship diversity. Using Imago Relationship Therapy, couples learn invaluable tools and techniques to enhance closeness in relationships and teach partners how to resolve conflicts while maintaining a deep sense of connection.
(858) 428-2962 View (858) 428-2962
Photo of Lauren Nicole Mason, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Lauren Nicole Mason
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92106
I’m Lauren Mason, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, specializing in couples therapy, with a particular focus on helping couples repair relationships that have suffered an attachment injury, such as deceptions, addictions or affairs. I support couples who are insightful, honest and are committed to therapy as they work to heal and redefine trust, connection, and intimacy. I work with couples to break down the fear and anxiety they might feel, building the skills and tools for respectful engagement and resilience. I want to help you become even stronger because of the challenges you’ve faced.
I’m Lauren Mason, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, specializing in couples therapy, with a particular focus on helping couples repair relationships that have suffered an attachment injury, such as deceptions, addictions or affairs. I support couples who are insightful, honest and are committed to therapy as they work to heal and redefine trust, connection, and intimacy. I work with couples to break down the fear and anxiety they might feel, building the skills and tools for respectful engagement and resilience. I want to help you become even stronger because of the challenges you’ve faced.
(619) 648-4865 View (619) 648-4865
Photo of Shine Ur Light Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Shine Ur Light Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92115
Not accepting new clients
I am motivated by a belief in each individual's potential to grow from their life challenges and become empowered to access personal strengths and existing resources. I approach therapy as a collaborative relationship between the client, who is regarded as the expert on their life, and the therapist, who becomes a trusted ally in developing understanding and creating change. A potential client’s level of comfort with me, in my opinion is the most important aspect to the therapeutic relationship.
I am motivated by a belief in each individual's potential to grow from their life challenges and become empowered to access personal strengths and existing resources. I approach therapy as a collaborative relationship between the client, who is regarded as the expert on their life, and the therapist, who becomes a trusted ally in developing understanding and creating change. A potential client’s level of comfort with me, in my opinion is the most important aspect to the therapeutic relationship.
(619) 937-3831 View (619) 937-3831
Photo of Mark Kuntz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Mark Kuntz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92111
My name is Mark Kuntz and I am a licensed clinical Social Worker. My area of focus is adults and older adults focused on issues of grief and loss, role transition, interpersonal conflict, depression, anxiety, and trauma. I typically work with clients experiencing grief or loss, role transitions, interpersonal conflict, anxiety, depression, and trauma. My approach to therapy utilizes Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Interpersonal (IPT), and Motivational Interviewing Therapeutic techniques.
My name is Mark Kuntz and I am a licensed clinical Social Worker. My area of focus is adults and older adults focused on issues of grief and loss, role transition, interpersonal conflict, depression, anxiety, and trauma. I typically work with clients experiencing grief or loss, role transitions, interpersonal conflict, anxiety, depression, and trauma. My approach to therapy utilizes Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Interpersonal (IPT), and Motivational Interviewing Therapeutic techniques.
(619) 349-9093 View (619) 349-9093
Photo of Shirley Babior, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Shirley Babior
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108
My specialty-working with you to finally overcome your anxiety problems, OCD, or relationship issues benefits from my 30+ years of helping others. I review all new research. I have written self-help books on anxiety disorders and research papers with UCSD on social anxiety. Compassion, warmth, and skill in individualizing therapy aid in recovery. You can also visit my platform using stressreleasesd.com. My approach to helping you is based on current evidence-based cognitive behavior therapy, mindfulness, and exposure-response prevention for OCD.
My specialty-working with you to finally overcome your anxiety problems, OCD, or relationship issues benefits from my 30+ years of helping others. I review all new research. I have written self-help books on anxiety disorders and research papers with UCSD on social anxiety. Compassion, warmth, and skill in individualizing therapy aid in recovery. You can also visit my platform using stressreleasesd.com. My approach to helping you is based on current evidence-based cognitive behavior therapy, mindfulness, and exposure-response prevention for OCD.
(707) 985-3467 View (707) 985-3467
Photo of Claudina Hanna, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Claudina Hanna
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92154  (Online Only)
I believe in the importance of developing a positive therapeutic relationship with my clients and take a non-judgemental stance in order to provide a safe environment and build trust. I have 10 years of experience working with children from ages 5, adolescents, adults, families (including military families), and couples struggling with depression, anxiety, ADHD, behavioral issues, trauma, and parenting skills.
I believe in the importance of developing a positive therapeutic relationship with my clients and take a non-judgemental stance in order to provide a safe environment and build trust. I have 10 years of experience working with children from ages 5, adolescents, adults, families (including military families), and couples struggling with depression, anxiety, ADHD, behavioral issues, trauma, and parenting skills.
(619) 639-4240 View (619) 639-4240
Photo of Ana Ruth Y Castillo, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
Ana Ruth Y Castillo
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92110
Ana Ruth Yela Castillo is a dedicated Marital and Family Therapist with clinical training as an Art Therapist. Her mission includes empowering families and individuals in overcoming and transmuting intergenerational trauma while remembering their resilience and their magic. Rooted in her passion for justice and her nuanced understanding of the pervasive impacts of colonialism, racialized economies, and systems of oppression, Ana Ruth shows up in support of BIPOC communities and Allies, and those who are in service to uplifting communities.
Ana Ruth Yela Castillo is a dedicated Marital and Family Therapist with clinical training as an Art Therapist. Her mission includes empowering families and individuals in overcoming and transmuting intergenerational trauma while remembering their resilience and their magic. Rooted in her passion for justice and her nuanced understanding of the pervasive impacts of colonialism, racialized economies, and systems of oppression, Ana Ruth shows up in support of BIPOC communities and Allies, and those who are in service to uplifting communities.
(619) 493-3142 View (619) 493-3142
Photo of Myrna A. Knight, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
Myrna A. Knight
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92105
As children, we were asked, "What would you like to be when you grow up?" We mostly answered " A Fireman! A Princess! A Teacher! A Policeman!" As children growing into adulthood, we truly have no idea of the road ahead. One full of unexpected journeys, peaks and plateaus, that we as innocent, little children never would have imagined we would be on. Maybe you have been on a road of depression or substance abuse, struggling with anxiety, or hopelessness. Whatever it is you are facing, we can and will walk this road together. I would like to have the opportunity to walk with you on this journey to find and reach your potential in life
As children, we were asked, "What would you like to be when you grow up?" We mostly answered " A Fireman! A Princess! A Teacher! A Policeman!" As children growing into adulthood, we truly have no idea of the road ahead. One full of unexpected journeys, peaks and plateaus, that we as innocent, little children never would have imagined we would be on. Maybe you have been on a road of depression or substance abuse, struggling with anxiety, or hopelessness. Whatever it is you are facing, we can and will walk this road together. I would like to have the opportunity to walk with you on this journey to find and reach your potential in life
(619) 431-4165 View (619) 431-4165
Photo of Halima S ., Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Diego, CA
Halima S .
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92111  (Online Only)
We are currently accepting clients! AMALY is a virtual mental health organization that serves individuals and couples across California. We specialize in providing services to BIPOC clients.
We are currently accepting clients! AMALY is a virtual mental health organization that serves individuals and couples across California. We specialize in providing services to BIPOC clients.
(619) 505-3750 View (619) 505-3750
Photo of Amie Olah, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Amie Olah
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CIMHP
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92106  (Online Only)
Do you find current life challenges difficult to manage and want to feel happy and confident again? Have you tried tips recommended by others but still struggle with anxiety, depression, stress, low energy, or general life dissatisfaction? Perhaps you wonder why it seems that those around you have it all together while you feel overwhelmed with daily tasks. I know that you are capable of healing and feeling joy again. I can help you feel more motivated, energized, and confident in your ability to take on challenges and make changes. Together we will uncover your inner strengths and resources and help you feel at home with yourself.
Do you find current life challenges difficult to manage and want to feel happy and confident again? Have you tried tips recommended by others but still struggle with anxiety, depression, stress, low energy, or general life dissatisfaction? Perhaps you wonder why it seems that those around you have it all together while you feel overwhelmed with daily tasks. I know that you are capable of healing and feeling joy again. I can help you feel more motivated, energized, and confident in your ability to take on challenges and make changes. Together we will uncover your inner strengths and resources and help you feel at home with yourself.
(619) 350-4151 View (619) 350-4151
Photo of Donna Keehn, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Donna Keehn
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SAP, CISM
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92130  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My clinical background includes a robust, private practice with in depth expertise in working with depression, anxiety, substance abuse, trauma, anger management, relationships and attachment disorders. In addition, I am also a SAP for the DOT, a CISM credentialed provider, with a focus on individual and mass community trauma, and a Certified Cognitive Behavioral Specialist. Prior to becoming a psychotherapist, I held significant corporate positions at a Fortune 500 Company (IBM) and partnered with one of America's Largest Private Companies (New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc).
My clinical background includes a robust, private practice with in depth expertise in working with depression, anxiety, substance abuse, trauma, anger management, relationships and attachment disorders. In addition, I am also a SAP for the DOT, a CISM credentialed provider, with a focus on individual and mass community trauma, and a Certified Cognitive Behavioral Specialist. Prior to becoming a psychotherapist, I held significant corporate positions at a Fortune 500 Company (IBM) and partnered with one of America's Largest Private Companies (New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc).
(310) 361-3168 View (310) 361-3168
Photo of Donna Marie Gold, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Donna Marie Gold, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92128  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My practice is primarily devoted to working with young women and trauma victims. However, I see others also. Therapy can help us express our feelings, learn new skills, and help us find effective solutions to issues we face. In a confidential environment, I strive to create an atmosphere that is safe, nurturing and supportive. My work with young women is focused on supporting them on their journey through adolescents into womanhood, which is a road well-traveled, but not always gracefully. I am well trained in helping young women experiencing difficulties in their school, family and/or social lives.
My practice is primarily devoted to working with young women and trauma victims. However, I see others also. Therapy can help us express our feelings, learn new skills, and help us find effective solutions to issues we face. In a confidential environment, I strive to create an atmosphere that is safe, nurturing and supportive. My work with young women is focused on supporting them on their journey through adolescents into womanhood, which is a road well-traveled, but not always gracefully. I am well trained in helping young women experiencing difficulties in their school, family and/or social lives.
(858) 683-0934 View (858) 683-0934
Photo of Annemarie Dillon-Chi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Annemarie Dillon-Chi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92130  (Online Only)
Welcome! I'm Annemarie and I would love to be your guide on your journey toward peace and self-discovery. Seeking support is such a huge step and often times a difficult one to take. But here you are! Now that the difficult part is behind you, let's talk about how I can help.
Welcome! I'm Annemarie and I would love to be your guide on your journey toward peace and self-discovery. Seeking support is such a huge step and often times a difficult one to take. But here you are! Now that the difficult part is behind you, let's talk about how I can help.
(858) 544-1507 View (858) 544-1507
Photo of Karen Ivette Delgadillo, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Karen Ivette Delgadillo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
I am a bilingual, bi-cultural psychotherapist with the capability to provide therapy in both English and Spanish. I strive to provide a comfortable, judgement-free, therapeutic relationship with my clients in order to help them develop insight into their past and current struggles. I am very passionate about helping individuals process and heal their childhood wounds as they can have a huge impact throughout the course of our lives and can manifest in several different ways, such as, relationship issues, addictions, mental health struggles, and can also affect the way we transition into different stages of our lives.
I am a bilingual, bi-cultural psychotherapist with the capability to provide therapy in both English and Spanish. I strive to provide a comfortable, judgement-free, therapeutic relationship with my clients in order to help them develop insight into their past and current struggles. I am very passionate about helping individuals process and heal their childhood wounds as they can have a huge impact throughout the course of our lives and can manifest in several different ways, such as, relationship issues, addictions, mental health struggles, and can also affect the way we transition into different stages of our lives.
(619) 762-4101 View (619) 762-4101
Photo of Terry Surinsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Terry Surinsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92122
Welcome and thank you for taking a moment to learn about my background. When personal challenges or obstacles arise, it would be my privilege to join you in facing these problems: to listen carefully and work with you at your own pace to increase your self-understanding and insight, gain perspective, and develop a practical plan of action. I aim to be calming, kind, honest, curious, goal-oriented, nurturing, compassionate, conscientious, and realistic. The first step toward change involves creating a trusting therapeutic connection.
Welcome and thank you for taking a moment to learn about my background. When personal challenges or obstacles arise, it would be my privilege to join you in facing these problems: to listen carefully and work with you at your own pace to increase your self-understanding and insight, gain perspective, and develop a practical plan of action. I aim to be calming, kind, honest, curious, goal-oriented, nurturing, compassionate, conscientious, and realistic. The first step toward change involves creating a trusting therapeutic connection.
(858) 923-4881 View (858) 923-4881
Photo of Dr. Alejandra Chayet, Counselor in San Diego, CA
Dr. Alejandra Chayet
Counselor, PhD, CST
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
Bilingual: English/Spanish. AASECT- Certified Sex Therapist. I value being present in the moment, having self-compassion and acceptance for oneself before working on relationships with others. I practice through a holistic lens and a mindful perspective, teaching clients some of the same techniques that I myself practice regularly to cope with the complex challenges life often brings. In my clinical practice, I hold the belief that my client is the expert of their own life and I am here to help you identify your own personal goals and support you on your journey to achieve them.
Bilingual: English/Spanish. AASECT- Certified Sex Therapist. I value being present in the moment, having self-compassion and acceptance for oneself before working on relationships with others. I practice through a holistic lens and a mindful perspective, teaching clients some of the same techniques that I myself practice regularly to cope with the complex challenges life often brings. In my clinical practice, I hold the belief that my client is the expert of their own life and I am here to help you identify your own personal goals and support you on your journey to achieve them.
(619) 597-1002 View (619) 597-1002

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Diego, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
71% Self Esteem
66% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Diego, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.