Therapists in Salem, OR

Photo of Assert Your Boundaries Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Assert Your Boundaries Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHC, NCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Not Accepting Clients At This Time-My name is Pauline Botchway, and I strongly believe that, as human beings, we have the ability to change and transform our lives through choice. Since no single theory can capture our experiences as human beings, I utilize an integrated approach that allows me to use some aspects of Gestalt, Existential, and Solution Focused, as well as high utilization of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and EMDR. In addition to my community mental health, I am including private practice in my line of work. My main goal as a clinician is to help and guide individuals to change their lives to improve everyday living.
Not Accepting Clients At This Time-My name is Pauline Botchway, and I strongly believe that, as human beings, we have the ability to change and transform our lives through choice. Since no single theory can capture our experiences as human beings, I utilize an integrated approach that allows me to use some aspects of Gestalt, Existential, and Solution Focused, as well as high utilization of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and EMDR. In addition to my community mental health, I am including private practice in my line of work. My main goal as a clinician is to help and guide individuals to change their lives to improve everyday living.
(541) 648-1060 View (541) 648-1060
Photo of Hope Whisperer Christian Counseling, LLC, Pre-Licensed Professional in Salem, OR
Hope Whisperer Christian Counseling, LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
I am Marcie Walker, the Hope Whisperer, who is accepting new clients! In a safe, warm, and supportive environment, I will honor the words you share with me, and travel your journey with you. I have personal experience in therapeutic work with adults and families, as well as working with students at these grade levels: Middle, high, and college ages. I have 23 years experience working with the special needs population. Preventing bullying is my passion, so it is no wonder that, for the past twenty years as staff and student, I have advocated for many who were bullied and treated unfairly.
I am Marcie Walker, the Hope Whisperer, who is accepting new clients! In a safe, warm, and supportive environment, I will honor the words you share with me, and travel your journey with you. I have personal experience in therapeutic work with adults and families, as well as working with students at these grade levels: Middle, high, and college ages. I have 23 years experience working with the special needs population. Preventing bullying is my passion, so it is no wonder that, for the past twenty years as staff and student, I have advocated for many who were bullied and treated unfairly.
(503) 438-4354 View (503) 438-4354
Photo of Angela Eller, Professional Counselor Associate in Salem, OR
Angela Eller
Professional Counselor Associate, MS, QMHP
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
I believe miracles can occur in people’s lives when they feel heard, seen, validated, and empathized with. As a mental health provider, I strive to meet each individual where they are and through a trauma focused lens work to develop a strong therapeutic alliance, help facilitate identification of the root causes of emotional distress, collaborate on developing healthy coping mechanisms and assist in finding those things that spark joy in a person’s life. I am dedicated to creating a space that can cultivate hope and healing, where an individual can feel empowered to find their authentic and best self.
I believe miracles can occur in people’s lives when they feel heard, seen, validated, and empathized with. As a mental health provider, I strive to meet each individual where they are and through a trauma focused lens work to develop a strong therapeutic alliance, help facilitate identification of the root causes of emotional distress, collaborate on developing healthy coping mechanisms and assist in finding those things that spark joy in a person’s life. I am dedicated to creating a space that can cultivate hope and healing, where an individual can feel empowered to find their authentic and best self.
(541) 588-5263 x1 View (541) 588-5263 x1
Photo of Amanda McHugh, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Salem, OR
Amanda McHugh
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LMFTA
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My counseling approach is based on the belief that everyone can create meaningful change within themselves. I believe that all entities whether it be individuals, couples or families have the innate ability to create change and resolve issues. I think we are all intrinsically designed to be resilient and to find strength from within ourselves when it is needed. As a forward thinker, I am prone to believe that when hope is instilled, and solutions are sought or offered there is always a greater possibility for change to occur.
My counseling approach is based on the belief that everyone can create meaningful change within themselves. I believe that all entities whether it be individuals, couples or families have the innate ability to create change and resolve issues. I think we are all intrinsically designed to be resilient and to find strength from within ourselves when it is needed. As a forward thinker, I am prone to believe that when hope is instilled, and solutions are sought or offered there is always a greater possibility for change to occur.
(503) 822-7604 View (503) 822-7604
Photo of Joel Gregor, Psychologist in Salem, OR
Joel Gregor
Psychologist, PsyD, MFT
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in couples and family therapy and working with adolescents. I also offer testing services, performing assessments for educational, developmental or forensic needs. For many years I have been offering support and compassion to my clients as I have worked with them to find solutions to a wide range of life's problems. My approach is practical and solution focused. I begin by helping each client tackle their immediate challenges, developing their strengths and helping to make the needed internal and environmental changes necessary for long lasting results and healing. I look forward to talking with you.
I specialize in couples and family therapy and working with adolescents. I also offer testing services, performing assessments for educational, developmental or forensic needs. For many years I have been offering support and compassion to my clients as I have worked with them to find solutions to a wide range of life's problems. My approach is practical and solution focused. I begin by helping each client tackle their immediate challenges, developing their strengths and helping to make the needed internal and environmental changes necessary for long lasting results and healing. I look forward to talking with you.
(503) 980-3007 View (503) 980-3007
Photo of Amber Starr Wilkinson-Polomsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Amber Starr Wilkinson-Polomsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
I truly believe the key of success within therapy is to create a safe space by building rapport and trust. My style is to provide an empathetic listening ear in a non-judgmental space. The most insightful thing that I have learned as a social worker is that every person is the expert on their own life and as a therapist I am here to walk alongside that person and offer guidance, life skills and an alternate non-biased point of view. My approach is to provide quality care by being genuinely curious, empathic and using a strength-based approach.
I truly believe the key of success within therapy is to create a safe space by building rapport and trust. My style is to provide an empathetic listening ear in a non-judgmental space. The most insightful thing that I have learned as a social worker is that every person is the expert on their own life and as a therapist I am here to walk alongside that person and offer guidance, life skills and an alternate non-biased point of view. My approach is to provide quality care by being genuinely curious, empathic and using a strength-based approach.
(503) 809-5680 View (503) 809-5680
Photo of Lindsay Nichole Crowner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Lindsay Nichole Crowner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Not accepting new clients
Often by the time an individual is entering my office, they have become bogged down and overwhelmed by stress in their life. It is my goal to help quiet the mind (and the busy, stressful world) enough to get in touch with the heart and find true healing. I am a down-to-earth therapist - essentially just another being walking this path of life and trying to find fulfillment in it. I deeply value the time spent with clients as they navigate their lives, figuring out their stressors and their innermost needs that are not being addressed & being with folks as they seek a more centered, authentic and empowered life.
Often by the time an individual is entering my office, they have become bogged down and overwhelmed by stress in their life. It is my goal to help quiet the mind (and the busy, stressful world) enough to get in touch with the heart and find true healing. I am a down-to-earth therapist - essentially just another being walking this path of life and trying to find fulfillment in it. I deeply value the time spent with clients as they navigate their lives, figuring out their stressors and their innermost needs that are not being addressed & being with folks as they seek a more centered, authentic and empowered life.
(971) 273-5148 View (971) 273-5148
Photo of Dana Crane, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Dana Crane
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97302  (Online Only)
Good Sense Counseling helps people grow their mental health by getting to know themselves well and building skills for a thriving life full of curiosity, confidence, resilience, and fun. Clients learn to clarify core values, set goals, identify and overcome barriers, build strategies, solve problems, and celebrate successes.
Good Sense Counseling helps people grow their mental health by getting to know themselves well and building skills for a thriving life full of curiosity, confidence, resilience, and fun. Clients learn to clarify core values, set goals, identify and overcome barriers, build strategies, solve problems, and celebrate successes.
(503) 822-7471 View (503) 822-7471
Kristen M Hosie
MS, CCSOT, BCBA
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97302
I have experience serving adolescents and developmentally disabled adults with developmental disabilities. I have worked in the area of sexual abuse victims, abuse reactive and sexual offenders for these populations. I also work extensively with Autism Spectrum Disorder and severe behaviors. I really enjoy working with families and caregivers to help them in their work as well. I am a Christian and am very comfortable dealing with faith related to treatment.
I have experience serving adolescents and developmentally disabled adults with developmental disabilities. I have worked in the area of sexual abuse victims, abuse reactive and sexual offenders for these populations. I also work extensively with Autism Spectrum Disorder and severe behaviors. I really enjoy working with families and caregivers to help them in their work as well. I am a Christian and am very comfortable dealing with faith related to treatment.
(503) 782-8456 View (503) 782-8456
Photo of Kym Atwood: Atwood Counseling, Professional Counselor Associate in Salem, OR
Kym Atwood: Atwood Counseling
Professional Counselor Associate, MA, MSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97302
Whatever you are going through, seeing a qualified and supportive therapist can change your life. I have a master's in social work and a master's in clinical mental health counseling and 50+ years of my own healing. As a professional counselor, I work with you to process trauma, abuse, relationship issues, depression, even face suicidal thoughts. I am strength-based, trauma informed and use evidence-based practices, such as cognitive behavioral therapy to overcome harmful thoughts and emotions. You can heal from the issues interfering with your happiness.
Whatever you are going through, seeing a qualified and supportive therapist can change your life. I have a master's in social work and a master's in clinical mental health counseling and 50+ years of my own healing. As a professional counselor, I work with you to process trauma, abuse, relationship issues, depression, even face suicidal thoughts. I am strength-based, trauma informed and use evidence-based practices, such as cognitive behavioral therapy to overcome harmful thoughts and emotions. You can heal from the issues interfering with your happiness.
(503) 461-6786 View (503) 461-6786
Photo of Mary Ann Fahlstrom, Marriage & Family Therapist in Salem, OR
Mary Ann Fahlstrom
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
I am committed to providing respect, compassion, understanding, honest feedback, structure and openness to each of my clients in order to provide the optimum conditions for you to achieve your desired outcomes. I believe that life is a journey which is unique for each person. Psychotherapy can be an important tool in helping an individual or family discover their natural ability to heal, to love and to grow.
I am committed to providing respect, compassion, understanding, honest feedback, structure and openness to each of my clients in order to provide the optimum conditions for you to achieve your desired outcomes. I believe that life is a journey which is unique for each person. Psychotherapy can be an important tool in helping an individual or family discover their natural ability to heal, to love and to grow.
(503) 298-6609 View (503) 298-6609
Photo of Makayla Louise Hohenshelt, Professional Counselor Associate in Salem, OR
Makayla Louise Hohenshelt
Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPCA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Not accepting new clients
It can be difficult to find a therapist who you connect with. If you are looking for a therapist who is willing to work with you through life's highs and lows, listen to you on a deeper level, and work with you through your most difficult moments, I may be the counselor for you. While I am most experienced in working with children, adolescents, and young adults, I have availability for all in my schedule. Telehealth and in office services are offered.
It can be difficult to find a therapist who you connect with. If you are looking for a therapist who is willing to work with you through life's highs and lows, listen to you on a deeper level, and work with you through your most difficult moments, I may be the counselor for you. While I am most experienced in working with children, adolescents, and young adults, I have availability for all in my schedule. Telehealth and in office services are offered.
(503) 210-9547 View (503) 210-9547
Photo of Alexandra Taylor, Professional Counselor Associate in Salem, OR
Alexandra Taylor
Professional Counselor Associate , LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
I am eager to engage with clients who are experiencing anxiety, trauma, or depression and have a strong interest in working collaboratively with me to address their concerns. I value openness and willingness to engage in rapport-building to establish a foundation of trust and understanding. I am interested in people ready to actively participate in the therapeutic process, valuing the reciprocal nature of the therapeutic relationship. Ideally working with clients who also appreciate the importance of creating a mutually safe and non-judgmental space where they can express their thoughts and feelings fostering healing and growth.
I am eager to engage with clients who are experiencing anxiety, trauma, or depression and have a strong interest in working collaboratively with me to address their concerns. I value openness and willingness to engage in rapport-building to establish a foundation of trust and understanding. I am interested in people ready to actively participate in the therapeutic process, valuing the reciprocal nature of the therapeutic relationship. Ideally working with clients who also appreciate the importance of creating a mutually safe and non-judgmental space where they can express their thoughts and feelings fostering healing and growth.
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Photo of Professional Counseling Group, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Professional Counseling Group
Licensed Professional Counselor, DMin, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Professional Counseling Group, LLC, provides counseling and therapy for individuals, couples, and families—in person and online via telehealth. The counselors at PCG are skillful and caring masters and doctoral-level professionals, trained to provide the highest level of care for people struggling with mental health and emotional problems, including anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, grief, and relational issues. We work from an integrated behavioral, holistic, relational, and systemic perspective to help clients better understand their problems, find solutions and healing, and rebuild healthy relationships.
Professional Counseling Group, LLC, provides counseling and therapy for individuals, couples, and families—in person and online via telehealth. The counselors at PCG are skillful and caring masters and doctoral-level professionals, trained to provide the highest level of care for people struggling with mental health and emotional problems, including anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, grief, and relational issues. We work from an integrated behavioral, holistic, relational, and systemic perspective to help clients better understand their problems, find solutions and healing, and rebuild healthy relationships.
(503) 213-9388 View (503) 213-9388
Photo of Mark Rautiola, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Mark Rautiola
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97302  (Online Only)
As of 4/25/24, I have many new openings as I switch to a new company on May 1st, please call Mid Valley Counseling to learn more, using the number listed here. Are you in need of support? Do you need someone to fully listen and share with you in your difficult issues or life experiences? Whether it's depression, anxiety, grief or a difficult life transition, sharing and working through painful feelings can be very healing. I can help with relationship difficulties as well as learning to have healthy boundaries.
As of 4/25/24, I have many new openings as I switch to a new company on May 1st, please call Mid Valley Counseling to learn more, using the number listed here. Are you in need of support? Do you need someone to fully listen and share with you in your difficult issues or life experiences? Whether it's depression, anxiety, grief or a difficult life transition, sharing and working through painful feelings can be very healing. I can help with relationship difficulties as well as learning to have healthy boundaries.
(503) 831-9306 View (503) 831-9306
Photo of Kari Hempel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Kari Hempel
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
I have expertise in helping adults address trauma, relationship difficulties, neurodiversity, problematic sexual interests, and spiritual exploration. I am a therapist who focuses on doing deep work with clients. I am interested in helping people make lasting changes that bring true empowerment and life transformation. Whether you are ready to hit the ground running in your own change process, or are not yet convinced therapy can actually help you, I am ready to meet you where you are at and explore what might be possible.
I have expertise in helping adults address trauma, relationship difficulties, neurodiversity, problematic sexual interests, and spiritual exploration. I am a therapist who focuses on doing deep work with clients. I am interested in helping people make lasting changes that bring true empowerment and life transformation. Whether you are ready to hit the ground running in your own change process, or are not yet convinced therapy can actually help you, I am ready to meet you where you are at and explore what might be possible.
(971) 273-1845 View (971) 273-1845
Photo of Taveau Empowering Through Counseling LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Salem, OR
Taveau Empowering Through Counseling LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
I view the relationship between the therapist and the client as a partnership, and I view my role as the therapist in that partnership as a guide helping the client empower themselves. I believe in being curious and willing to learn while meeting clients where they are in their journey. I also have confidence that change can be a positive experience, but ultimately the client leads it.
I view the relationship between the therapist and the client as a partnership, and I view my role as the therapist in that partnership as a guide helping the client empower themselves. I believe in being curious and willing to learn while meeting clients where they are in their journey. I also have confidence that change can be a positive experience, but ultimately the client leads it.
(503) 683-8085 View (503) 683-8085
Photo of Cori Bakazan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Cori Bakazan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADC, CEAP
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
I am a licensed professional counselor (LPC) of 12 years at The Core Practice. I enjoy working with clients to address relationship issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, and grief. I hold additional certifications as a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor, Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, and Certified Employee Assistance Professional. I tend to work best with clients who are active participants in their mental health journey. Weekend and evening appointments are available.
I am a licensed professional counselor (LPC) of 12 years at The Core Practice. I enjoy working with clients to address relationship issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, and grief. I hold additional certifications as a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor, Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, and Certified Employee Assistance Professional. I tend to work best with clients who are active participants in their mental health journey. Weekend and evening appointments are available.
(503) 755-5460 View (503) 755-5460
Photo of Silver Falls Trauma Recovery; Melinda Anne Cooper, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Silver Falls Trauma Recovery; Melinda Anne Cooper
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
My ideal client is an adult or mature teen who is serious about change. They don't need to know what they want; they can be afraid. They can be tired, and lack confidence, but when they come see me, they are ready to eliminate barriers, resist rigid thought patterns and become something amazing. They show up and work-eagerly. They read the books I suggest, they listen to the podcasts, they take the strategies we create and they use them outside of session-so they get better. Life changes as they change, and, eventually, they have no need to come back!
My ideal client is an adult or mature teen who is serious about change. They don't need to know what they want; they can be afraid. They can be tired, and lack confidence, but when they come see me, they are ready to eliminate barriers, resist rigid thought patterns and become something amazing. They show up and work-eagerly. They read the books I suggest, they listen to the podcasts, they take the strategies we create and they use them outside of session-so they get better. Life changes as they change, and, eventually, they have no need to come back!
(503) 966-2523 View (503) 966-2523
Radical Nest, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, IMH-E
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Not accepting new clients
Welcome to Radical Nest! I’m a somatic therapist working across 2 generations - adults and very young children 0-5 years old. I specialize in trauma and infant & early childhood mental health and believe in healing (particularly intergenerational healing) as a radical and courageous act. If you want to compassionately challenge patterns - whether shifting patterns held in your nervous system or parenting differently than the way you were parented, and work with a human who engages critical exploration of the broader patterns of historical and systemic trauma that got us here, you've come to the right place.
Welcome to Radical Nest! I’m a somatic therapist working across 2 generations - adults and very young children 0-5 years old. I specialize in trauma and infant & early childhood mental health and believe in healing (particularly intergenerational healing) as a radical and courageous act. If you want to compassionately challenge patterns - whether shifting patterns held in your nervous system or parenting differently than the way you were parented, and work with a human who engages critical exploration of the broader patterns of historical and systemic trauma that got us here, you've come to the right place.
(971) 273-1723 View (971) 273-1723

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Salem, OR

400+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Salem, OR who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
85% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
70% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% PacificSource
51% Providence
47% Aetna

How Therapists in Salem, OR see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
21% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Salem?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.